Measurement of the secretion of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime into breast milk

There are no published data for the activity of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (^99mTc-HMPAO) found 1in breast milk. The amount of radioactivity in breast milk following the administration of 500 MBq^99mTc-HMPAO for a brain perfusion study has been measured. The effective dose to the infant was calculated to be 0.26 mSv, so necessitating no interruption of breast feeding. Unbound^99mTc is readily secreted into breast milk and the effective dose will remain less than 1 mSv if the^99mTc-HMPAO labelling effici ency is 99% for the worse reported case, and could remain <1 mSv for the mean reported case for^99mTc-HMPAO labelling efficiencies down to 94%.     

The effect of growth hormone on the growth failure of chronic renal failure

To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the reversal of growth failure in uremia, recombinant human GH (rhGH) was administered to rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). The dosage of rhGH was 3 IU/day (i.p.) for 13 days after the induction of CRF by 5/6 nephrectomy. Animals were classified into four groups: untreated nephrectomized rats (NX,n=40), GH-treated nephrectomized rats (NX+GH,n=18), sham-operated rats fed ad libitum (SHAMAL,n=27), and sham-operated rats pair-fed with 10 NX rats (SHAMPF,n=10). NX and NX+GH rats developed a similar and moderate degree of CRF, serum urea nitrogen being (mean±SEM) 49±3 and 54±4 mg/dl, respectively, compared with 16±4 and 19±0 mg/dl in SHAMAL and SHAMPF groups. Weight (56.0±3.3 g) and length (3.5±0.1 cm) gains of NX rats were lower than those of SHAMAL rats (94.2±4.0 g,P<-0.0001 and 4.1±0.2 cm,P<-0.01). Growth of the SHAMPF group and the matched NX rats was not significantly different. Weight (56.2±5.0 g) and length (3.4±0.2 cm) gains of NX+GH and NX rats were similar, the beneficial effect of GH therapy on growth being observed in only those animals with more severe degrees of uremia. This growth-promoting action resulted from greater food efficiency and not from stimulated food intake. The hypercholesterolemia seen in NX rats, 81±2 mg/dl versus 55±3 mg/dl in SHAMAL (P0.0001), was not increased in the NX+GH group, 87±3 mg/dl. There was a positive and significant correlation between serum cholesterol and serum urea nitrogen values in NX and NX+GH animals. This study suggests that growth impairment of mild CRF is mainly due to malnutrition and is refractory to GH administration. GH therapy improves the growth rate of animals with advanced CRF without aggravating their lipid abnormalities.     

胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒的制备

 目的制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒。方法采用酶水解和超滤膜分离技术，得到不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖，由凝胶渗透色谱法测定其相对分子质量；采用溶剂扩散法制备纳米粒，研究纳米粒的空间结构，测定其粒径、表面电位(zeta电位)、模型药物胰岛素包封率及体外释放。结果通过控制酶水解条件，经超滤分离得到3种不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖，凝胶渗透色谱法测得的重均相对分子质量(MW)分别为10 289，41500和101 870。经溶剂扩散法制备得到的壳聚糖纳米粒，呈类圆形球体，粒径分布较窄，且随制备工艺中乙醇加入量的增加、分散用超声次数的增多，以及壳聚糖分子量的降低，粒径变小。壳聚糖纳米粒带正电荷，zeta电位值大于+30 mV。放射免疫法测得的药物包封率为72.66%。在壳聚糖酶存在条件下，前1 h体外释放药物较快，1 h后趋于平稳，并能持续释放6 h。结论选用合适相对分子质量壳聚糖制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒，方法简便，药物包封率高，并有一定的缓释作用。     

生物合成调控的青霉素发酵数学模型与过程优化

青霉素生物合成受溶解氧、溶解二氧化碳、pH、氨氮、碳源(特别是葡萄糖)等的调控，这些调控反应的产生不仅与基础培养基配方有关，更受发酵过程通气、搅拌条件及补料方案的影响。为此，笔者通过把握发酵过程中产生菌生长和青霉素生物合成代谢流的元素平衡、能量平衡以及传递与反应速度平衡的方法，结合生产经验和数据资料，建立了一种能够模拟青霉素发酵过程工艺学参数和经济学参数变化的数学模型。应用这一模型，在充分考虑生物合成代谢调控的基础上，对青霉素发酵过程进行优化，即通过补水维持上述平衡，避免因环境条件、初始条件和约束条件的变化及人为的失误造成的过程波动，使生产不断趋向最优状态。模拟运行表明，这种优化可显著提高发酵生产的经济效益。     

灯盏花素纳米脂质体包封率测定方法研究

灯盏花素(breviscapine)是菊科植物短葶飞蓬(Erigeron breviscapus(vant.)Hand-Mazz)中提取的黄酮类有效成分。临床多用于治疗脑梗死、脑血栓、脑出血等。将药物制成脂质体,能帮助药物进入脑部,提高治疗指数。灯盏花素水溶性较差,直接溶于注射用水有一定困难,将其制成脂质体可以解决其难溶问题,提高药物稳定性及载药量,同时提高药物的靶向性及疗效。包封率是脂质体质量评定的重要指标,本实验建立了灯盏花素纳米脂质体包封率的测定方法,该法操作简单、可行、准确性较好。     

脂质-鱼精蛋白-DNA复合物的构建及其对细胞的体外转染

目的研究新型非病毒载体脂质-聚阳离子-DNA（LPD）复合物的制备方法及其对体外细胞的转染率。方法用薄膜-挤压法制备空白阳离子脂质体，与鱼精蛋白-DNA复合物在室温孵育后，得到LPD；用透射电镜观察其形态，用激光粒度仪测定其粒径和zeta电位；LPD与DNA酶I溶液在37 ℃下孵育不同时间后，用琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察其降解情况；用荧光法测定其包封率；用X-gal染色法考察了LPD对张氏（Chang）肝细胞，HepG2肝癌细胞和SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的转染率。结果LPD的形态近似于球体，平均粒径为143.5 nm，平均zeta电位为+32.6 mV；37 ℃下核酸酶作用2 h后，LPD中的DNA几乎无降解；平均包封率为93.42%；LPD对张氏（Chang）肝细胞、HepG2肝癌细胞和SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的转染率分别为(69±6)%，(43±7)%和(96.2±1.8)%。结论LPD是一种制备工艺简单、体外稳定性好、转染率高，具有应用潜力的非病毒载体系统。     

正常与病态下嗓音的客观指标的评价

对158例正常人和136例各种喉疾病患者连续元音[i]发声时的平均气流率、声强、频率、频率微扰商和发声效率同步进行了测定.并对各测定指标间的相互关系进行了探讨.频率微扰商是表示连续元音发声时声带振动相邻周期间的微细变动量;发声效率反映平均气流率与声能的有效转换率.在低、中和高强度发声时.随发声强度的提高,平均气流率.频率和发声效率随之提高而频率微扰商则变小.中等声强发声时.平均气流率与声强,声强与频率均呈正相关;而平均气流率与发声效率.声强(男性)和频率(女性)与频率微扰商均呈负相关.多数喉疾病患者显示出较正常人高的平均气流率和频率微扰商,发声效率则降低.当声强和频率作为参考指标时,平均气流率,频率微扰商和发声效率可作为评价喉发声功能的客观、定量指标.     

天然大豆磷脂制备热敏脂质体的方法及质量评价

目的：研究用天然磷脂替代合成磷脂制备热敏脂质体的方法及其质量评价。方法：以天然大豆磷脂为主要材料，胆固醇为附加剂，参照均匀设计原理选取影响脂质体热敏性的两个因素：磷脂与胆固醇的比例、制备温度和超声顺序(作为一个因素来考虑)，每个因素选取五个水平进行实验。采用逆相蒸发法制备氟脲脱氧核苷热敏脂质体并对其药物释放量、粒径大小及水中稳定性进行测定。结果：42℃时，药物释放量达到了被包封药物量的88．28％。水中放置4个月基本稳定，渗透率4．5％。结论：天然磷脂能替代合成磷脂制备具有良好相变温度的热敏脂质体。