中药复方药效物质基础研究的思路及方法

目的：为中药复方药效物质基础研究提供思路和方法，促进中药现代化。方法：从中药复方药效物质基础研究的若干原则入手，分析了文献中关于中药复方药效物质基础的两种错误观点，从中药复方药效物质基础与单味中药药效物质基础的关系、中药复方药效物质基础及其特征、系统学原理等方面进行综合论述。结果与结论：中药复方中能实现该复方功用并起主治作用的所有化学成分构成了该复方的药效物质基础——有效系统，复方有效系统中的化学成分相互联系，具有不可分离性、相互制约性，表现出整体取效的特征，故在研究复方药效物质基础时，必须结合系统学原理，在建立中医学证候模型的基础上，以功用和主治为判别依据，逐一排除非有效系统成分。     

穴位注射治疗高粘血症50例临床疗效观察

目的：观察穴位注射治疗高粘血症的临床疗效。方法：以特定穴中的心俞、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞、三焦俞背俞穴为主，配合膈俞、气海俞、关元俞，每次选取4个穴位。用复方丹参注射液、黄芪注射液行穴位注射，10次为1个疗效。结果：治疗2个疗程后，显效30例，有效17例，无效3例，总有效率为94％。结论：穴位注射治疗高粘血症有较好疗效。     

抗幽门螺杆菌感染的4种药物治疗方案的成本-效果分析

目的: 对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的消化性溃疡4种治疗方案进行分析比较.方法: 用药物经济学成本效果分析进行评价.结果: 无论是成本效果比分析(C/E),还是增量成本效果比分析(△C/△E),均得出P1(奥美拉唑 阿莫西林 甲硝唑 果胶铋)组为最佳方案.结论: 药物经济学在优化治疗方案,指导合理用药,提高经济效益方面具有重要作用.     

药物经济学评价中的健康结果测量

目的 :为选择适当的药物经济学评价结果指标提供建议。方法 :比较3类不同健康结果指标的区别及其测量方法 ,并介绍各国《指南》有关结果测量的标准。结果与结论 :应根据不同的卫生保健体系、研究角度和疾病选择相应的结果测量方法。     

The effectiveness of voice therapy for patients with non-organic dysphonia

Forty-five patients diagnosed as having non-organic dysphonia were assigned in rotation to one of three groups. Patients in one group received no treatment and acted as a control group. Patients in the other two groups received a programme of either ‘indirect’ therapy or ‘direct with indirect’ therapy, respectively. A self-report questionnaire of vocal performance, observed ratings of voice quality, and computer-derived acoustic measurements (signal-to-noise ratio, pitch perturbation and amplitude perturbation) were carried out on all patients before and after treatment to evaluate the changes in voice quality over time. There was a significant difference between the three groups on the self-report questionnaire, voice quality ratings and pitch perturbation measurements (P = < 0.05). Thirteen out of 15 control patients showed no significant change on any of the measures. Seven patients who received indirect treatment showed significant improvement in voice quality following treatment. Fourteen out of 15 patients who received direct treatment showed significant improvement in voice quality.     

利用"分层法"评价中药复杂体系药效时有关权重设立的讨论

本文讨论了以分层法进行中药药效评价时权重设立的问题，主要由以下几部分组成：1．建立递阶层次结构；2．构造两两比较判断矩阵；3．计算单一准则下元素的相对权重；4．计算各层元素的组合权重。由于中药作用具有多途径、多靶点的特性，因此评价过程中权重的设立就占有重要位置。它直接影响对被评价对象药效作用的评判。全面解决中药作用多途径、多靶点药效学评价的数学方法，客观量化的评价中药的综合药效，是中药现代化进程中一个值得研讨的命题。     

Quality of primary health care in Saudi Arabia: a comprehensive review.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the quality of primary care in Saudi Arabia, despite the central role of primary care centers in Saudi health strategy. This study presents an overview of quality of primary care in Saudi Arabia, and identifies factors impeding the achievement of quality, with the aim of determining how the quality of Saudi primary care could be improved. METHOD: Using a systematic search strategy, data were extracted from the published literature on quality of care in Saudi primary care services, and on barriers to achieving high-quality care. RESULTS: Of the 128 studies initially identified, 31 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Studies identified were diverse in methodology and focus. Components of quality were reviewed in terms of access and effectiveness of both clinical and interpersonal care. Good access and effective care were reported for certain services including: immunization, maternal health care, and control of epidemic diseases. Poor access and effectiveness were reported for chronic disease management programs, prescribing patterns, health education, referral patterns, and some aspects of interpersonal care including those caused by language barriers. Several factors were identified as determining whether high-quality care was delivered. These included management and organizational factors, implementation of evidence-based practice, professional development, use of referrals to secondary care, and organizational culture. CONCLUSION: There is substantial variation in the quality of Saudi primary care services. In order to improve quality, there is a need to improve the management and organization of primary care services. Professional development strategies are also needed to improve the knowledge and skills of staff.     

中西医结合治疗肝硬化腹水46例疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗肝硬化腹水的临床疗效。方法:将78例肝硬化腹水患者随机分为治疗组46例,对照组32例。2组均采用利尿西药治疗,治疗组加服益气养阴,健脾利水为主兼以活血软肝理气之中药,1个月为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程。结果:治疗组显效32例,有效12例,总有效率为95%;对照组显效13例,有效11例,总有效率为75%,2组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗肝硬化腹水疗效优于单纯西药治疗。     

甲硝唑与替硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎的成本-效果分析

目的评价甲硝唑与替硝唑两种药品治疗滴虫性阴道炎的疗效、不良反应及成本-效果[1,2].方法将60例滴虫性阴道炎患者随机分成2组,分别口服甲硝唑(治疗组)和替硝唑(对照组),对甲硝唑与替硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎的疗效、不良反应并运用药物经济学成本效果分析法及成本进行评价.结果甲硝唑与替硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎的总有效率基本相同,分别为93.33%和96.67%(P＞0.05);不良反应发生率分别为30.00%和6.67%(P＜0.05);成本-效果比分别为0.0557和0.2772(P＜0.01).结论甲硝唑与替硝唑均能有效治疗滴虫性阴道炎.不良反应发生率甲硝唑与替硝唑有显著性差异.成本-效果比甲硝唑优于替硝唑.     

住院精神分裂症患者疗效的影响因素对照研究

目的探讨住院精神分裂症患者疗效的影响因素。方法将203例精神分裂症患者按临床疗效分组,临床痊愈和显著好转者132例为显效组,临床好转和无效者71例为对照组,采用自编《住院精神分裂症患者一般情况调查表》进行回顾性统计、分析。结果住院患者中女性、低技术工人、阴性症状突出者、病前无诱因的疗效较差(P<0.05)。其疗效与住院天数、总住院费用成正相关,与日均费用成负相关(P<0.01)。结论精神分裂症药物治疗应充分、足程,临床应重视对女性、低技术工人的治疗观察,并加强精神疾病知识健康教育,同时健全社会保障体系以提高住院精神分裂症患者的疗效。