宫颈癌诊断与治疗指南(第四版)

正宫颈癌是女性恶性肿瘤发病率第2位的肿瘤根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据,每年有新增病例53万,约25万女性因宫颈癌死亡,其中发展中国家占全球的80%。西方发达国家由于宫颈癌筛查的普及,宫颈癌发病率缓慢下降。在中国,每年新增宫颈癌病例约14万,死亡约3.7万。     

儿童变应性鼻炎中药临床试验设计与评价技术指南

《儿童变应性鼻炎中药临床试验设计与评价技术指南》为中华中医药学会标准化项目《儿科系列常见病中药临床试验设计与评价技术指南》之一。其目的是以临床价值为导向，在病证结合模式下，讨论具有变应性鼻炎、儿童和中药特点的临床定位、试验设计与实施等相关问题，为中药治疗儿童变应性鼻炎临床试验设计与评价提供思路和方法。制定过程中先后成立指南工作组、起草专家组和定稿专家组，采用文献研究和共识会议的方法，最终形成指南送审稿定稿。该《指南》的主要内容包括临床定位、试验总体设计、诊断标准与辨证标准、受试者的选择与退出、干预措施、有效性评价、安全性观察、试验流程、试验的质量控制9部分。希望其制定和发布，能为申办者或合同研究组织、研究者在中药治疗变应性鼻炎的临床试验设计，提供借鉴与参考。     

Day case surgery guidelines

Day surgery is a continually developing and expanding specialty throughout the world. Technical improvements within surgery and anaesthesia allow increasingly complex procedures to be performed as day case surgery, with advantages to hospital and patient. The NHS Modernisation Agency recommends 75% of all surgical procedures performed in a Trust be as day case procedures. Day case surgery guidelines exist to assist and encourage departments in running an effective service. Day surgical units must select appropriate cases based on patient, surgical and social factors, via a preoperative assessment service usually run by specialist nurses, consultant surgeons and anaesthetists. Stable medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus do not preclude day case surgery. Patients are assessed individually. The obese patient must be carefully screened before being listed for day case surgery. Both general and regional anaesthesia have been shown to be safe and effective in day surgery patients. Achieving good analgesia and antiemesis is vital in ensuring patients are discharged on the day of surgery. Nurse-led discharge based on local departmental protocol is common practice. Both patient and GP must be issued postoperative instructions. Future expansion is likely to see selected emergency and semi-elective surgical patients managed as day case procedures.     

Facilitating comfort for hospitalized patients using non-pharmacological measures: Preliminary development of clinical practice guidelines

Nurses often use non-pharmacological measures to facilitate comfort for patients within the hospital setting. However, guidelines for use of these measures are commonly inadequate or absent. This paper presents 12 clinical practice guidelines that were developed from the findings of a literature review into non-pharmacological measures that are thought to facilitate patient comfort. The non-pharmacological measures addressed in these guidelines are: Aromotherapy, Distraction, Guided Imagery, Laughter, Massage, Music, Reiki, Heat or Cold, Meditation, Reflexology, Reposition and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. These are preliminary guidelines for the use of non-pharmacological measures and further research and development of such guidelines is recommended.