西安市民办高校大学生HPV相关核心知识知晓现状及其影响因素

目的了解民办高校大学生人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)相关核心知识的知晓现状及其影响因素。方法采取多阶段分层整群随机相结合抽样的方法,抽取西安市民办高校大学生1012名,采用自行设计的问卷进行HPV相关核心知识知晓现状的调查,并用Logistic回归分析知晓情况的影响因素。结果西安市民办高校大学生HPV相关核心知识总体知晓率为37.2%(1882/5060),知晓率最低的两条核心知识分别为HPV的危害20.4%(206/1012)和HPV疫苗最佳接种时间20.6%(208/1012)。Logistic回归分析显示,大学生HPV相关核心知识知晓情况的影响因素主要有性别、专业、年级和接受相关信息宣传史。结论西安市民办高校大学生HPV相关核心知识总知晓率较低,加强男生、非医药类专业及低年级等大学生群体的相关健康教育工作至关重要。     

What are the known effects of yoga on the brain in relation to motor performances,body awareness and pain? A narrative review

ObjectiveThe current body of literature was reviewed to evaluate the effects of yoga on the brain in relation to motor performance, body awareness and pain.BackgroundYoga has been increasingly popular in the Western countries especially for its unique integration of the mind and body. Yoga has been studied more intensely in the last decade. Although it has been shown to improve cognitive functions, few studies have looked into the effects of yoga on improving motor performance, body awareness or pain and the possible underlying brain mechanisms associated with them.MethodsA search of the current literature was made using keywords such as: “yoga brain motor”, “yoga brain pain”, “effects yoga brain” and “effects yoga brain motor performance”. The findings were then discussed in relation to motor performance, body awareness and pain and their reported mechanisms of action on the brain.ResultsA total of 61 articles were selected, out of which 29 were excluded because they did not meet our criteria. A total of thirty-two articles were included in this review, which we further subdivided by focus: motor performance (n = 10), body awareness (n = 14) and pain (n = 8).DiscussionOur review shows that yoga has a positive effect on learning rate, speed and accuracy of a motor task by increasing attention and decreasing stress through a better control of sensorimotor rhythms. Yoga also seems to improve sensory awareness and interoception, regulate autonomic input, increase parasympathetic activity and promote self-regulation. Yoga was also shown to reduce the threat signal, increase pain tolerance, decrease pain unpleasantness and decrease the anxiety and distress associated with pain. Those changes are associated with the recruitment of specific brain areas such as the insula, the amygdala and the hippocampus.ConclusionBased on the studies reviewed in this report, we found that the practice of yoga seems to facilitate motor learning, to increase body awareness and to decrease pain. These are associated with a wide variety of changes in terms of brain activity and structure. Further studies are necessary to reveal its precise mechanism of action on the brain and to validate its wider application in clinical settings.     

The learning experiences of immigrants who are graduates of an entry-level baccalaureate nursing program: A hermeneutic phenomenological study

International migration of individuals or families seeking to improve economic conditions or escape political oppression increases each year. With migrant movement, there is a need for appropriate health care to meet their health beliefs and cultural health traditions. Nurses comprise a large portion of the healthcare workforce and yet, the number of immigrant nurses educated in their adopted country remains low. The aim of this study was to understand the learning experiences of immigrant registered nurses who graduated from an entry-level baccalaureate nursing program in the United States. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach with a Gadamerian focus was utilized. Purposive sampling identified five immigrant graduates who were individually interviewed using several open-ended questions in a non-structured format. Analysis identified an overarching theme, “being on the outside.” Five subthemes emerged: harsh realities, disruptions, nurturance, resilience, and propagation. Recommendations from the interviews include: recognition and appreciation of each student, the nurse educator coming to know oneself first, followed by dialoguing with each student to perpetuate deeper understanding. Rather than accommodating the ethnically diverse immigrant nursing student through targeted interventions, the nurse educator should maintain an all-inclusive learning environment.     

981名钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务认知现状及其影响因素

[目的]分析某钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务相关知识的认知现状及其影响因素,为建立适合工人特点的职业卫生服务培训模式提供科学依据。[方法]于2011年3月至6月,采用整群抽样的方法对某钢铁企业的981名生产工人进行面对面的问卷调查,调查内容包括企业工人的基本信息、职业卫生服务认知情况及需求情况。[结果]981名钢铁工人对职业病、职业卫生服务以及《职业病防治法》相关内容的知晓率分别为82.2%、52.1%和50.4%;多因素分析显示工种是影响工人知晓率的因素之一。该钢铁企业90%以上工人希望公司配备急救设施,获得定期健康体检,参加安全操作培训等职业卫生服务。[结论]某钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务知识知晓率低,需求率高。该企业工人的职业卫生服务认知与工种有关,企业应根据工种特点开展不同内容和频率的职业卫生服务培训。     

深圳市龙岗区人群华支睾吸虫感染现状及健康干预对策

目的了解深圳市龙岗区人群华支睾吸虫感染现状和流行病学特征,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法对不同职业人群进行华支睾吸虫血清学检测和知识行为问卷调查。结果共调查1 141名居民,检出血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体阳性90例,感染率为7.89%,男性为9.93%,女性为5.82%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.632,P=0.010);31~40岁年龄组感染率最高(9.59%);机关干部感染率最高(14.02%),商服人员感染率最低(4.17%),不同职业间感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.886,P=0.000);机关干部和本地企业人群华支睾吸虫感染途径、健康危害和预防措施的知晓率明显高于商服人群和劳务工,且家庭生熟砧板分开行为率较高,但不吃未煮熟鱼类的健康行为形成率低于商服人群和劳务工人群;检出感染的人群防制知识知晓率和健康行为形成率都稍低于总体水平。结论龙岗区人群华支睾吸虫感染有上升趋势,应广泛宣传食源性寄生虫病防治知识,继续倡导健康饮食行为。     

Awareness of and attitudes towards infertility and its treatment： a cross-sectional survey of men in a United States primary care population

Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.     

Self-testing for liver disease – response to an online liver test questionnaire

Abstract

Background: Elevated liver enzymes and chronic liver disease are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Broad availability of internet questionnaires obtains representative insights into awareness of (chronic) liver disease in the general population. Also, these tools may be used to identify persons and populations at risk to prevent advanced liver disease.

Methods: An online questionnaire regarding awareness of liver disease, risk behavior and awareness of own liver tests was implemented online. During 43?months study period, 210,230 participants accessed the online questionnaire. Of these, 117,446 individuals completed the survey. All database access and input were registered and collected in a SQL based database for further evaluation.

Results: Awareness of own liver status was lower than expected. About 50.7% of all participants were uncertain about their liver enzyme status. In turn, risk behavior continues to be considerably high as 38.8% of participants stated high-risk behavior for alcohol consumption and 2.2% high-risk substance abuse such as cocaine or heroin. Our questionnaire was predominantly answered by participants under 65?years of age. Participants with high BMI may have been underrepresented.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the urgent need for improved liver screening, health education regarding risk behavior and improved awareness campaigns on liver disease. Interest of the general population may be presumed as more than 200,000 people accessed our test of their own accord.     

High awareness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) but limited knowledge of HCV complications among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a sexually transmitted infection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income countries. Little is reported about HCV awareness among MSM, although this is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies. We, therefore, studied HCV awareness and knowledge among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS). During two visits, 1 year apart and starting in October 2007, MSM from the ACS answered questions regarding HCV awareness, knowledge of HCV transmission (7 items), complications (8 items) and sexual risk behaviour. We examined the percentage of HCV awareness and correctly answered knowledge items, and whether awareness and knowledge improved significantly over time. Using logistic regression, we studied whether HIV status and sexual risk behaviour were associated with awareness. Seventy percent (312/444) of HIV-negative and 80% (74/92) of HIV-positive MSM reported to have ever heard of HCV on the first visit. Overall, awareness increased with 9% between the first and second visit (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis the association of group sex with HCV awareness was borderline significant (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.97–2.30). Compared with knowledge of transmission routes, knowledge of complications appeared to be limited. In the ACS, awareness of HCV is high, particularly among those reporting group sex, an important risk factor for HCV transmission. The majority of participants had good knowledge of transmission routes, but limited knowledge of complications of chronic HCV infection. HCV prevention messages could be strengthened, therefore, by further addressing the complications of HCV infection.     

乌鲁木齐市医用放射工作人员防护意识调查与分析

目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市医用放射工作人员防护意识及行为,为制订放射工作人员放射卫生监测和健康监护管理提供依据。方法采用白行设计的《医用放射工作人员防护意识调查表》,现场自填问卷的方法,对乌鲁木齐市医用放射工作人员进行调查。结果放射工作人员放射防护知识的掌握与文化程度、累积放射工龄密切相关（Х^2=8．63,P〈0．01;Х^2=11．75,P〈0．01）,参加过放射培训的工作人员答题正确率高于未参加人员（Х^2=5．97,P〈0．05）;部分放射工作人员自身防护意识不足,对受检者及陪护人员防护不到位。结论针对新参加工作及低学历放射工作人员的放射防护培训是今后培训的重点,同时在日常工作中应重点加强对受检者及陪护人员防护。