江苏盛泽农村老年高血压患病现况及危险因素调查

目的调查江苏盛泽农村地区老年高血压患病率、治疗率、知晓率、控制率及相关危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取当地19个村≥60岁的全部居民进行现况调查,并根据性别、年龄分层从中随机抽取3181名居民进行配对病例对照研究,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格检查及血生化检查。结果该地区≥60岁人群高血压患病率达64.9%,高血压知晓率、治疗率及接受治疗患者血压控制率分别为73.5%、65.3%、53.4%。随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率逐渐升高(χ2=27.25,P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示吸烟(OR=1.197)、饮酒(OR=1.181)、超重与肥胖(OR=1.252),腹型肥胖(OR=1.651)、血糖异常(OR=1.461)、高尿酸血症(OR=1.826)、高三酰甘油血症(OR=1.371)、高胆固醇血症(OR=1.227)是高血压发病的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论江苏盛泽农村老年高血压患病率较高,治疗率、知晓率及控制率有待进一步提高,应通过健康宣教和规律体检进一步加强上述危险因素的防治。     

脑电双频指数监测与术后转归关系的研究进展

背景 脑电双频指数（bispectral index,BIS）使用脑电图数据监测麻醉过程中的镇静深度,其与患者术后转归的联系越来越受到国内外学者的关注.目的 对BIS监测与术后转归之间关系的研究进展作一综述.内容 探究BIS监测与患者术后死亡率、术中知晓、术后认知功能障碍（postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD）及术后谵妄之间的关联性.趋向 BIS监测可能用于预测患者术后转归,为改善手术患者预后提供了一个新的方法.     

Predictors of early literacy skills in children with intellectual disabilities: A clinical perspective

The present study investigated the linguistic and cognitive predictors of early literacy in 17 children with intellectual disabilities (ID) (mean age: 7; 6 years) compared to 24 children with normal language acquisition (NLA) (mean age: 6; 0 years), who were all in the so-called partial alphabetic phase of reading (Ehri, 2005). In each group, children's performances in early literacy skills (phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and word decoding) were assessed, as well as their achievement in linguistic and cognitive measures associated to these skills. The results showed that, notwithstanding the fact that there were no differences in word decoding, children with ID lagged behind on all predictor measures relevant to early literacy skills compared to children with NLA. Moreover, whereas children with NLA showed a regular predictive pathway of early literacy skills, children with ID showed a deviant pattern, in which nonverbal intelligence and rhythmic skills proved to be of major importance. Also letter knowledge appeared to be involved in their early literacy processing. It can be tentatively concluded that in the ID group, children's level of nonverbal intellectual abilities in combination with rhythmic ability proves pivotal in the development of their early literacy skills.     

The role of emotion identification skill in the formation of male and female friendships: A longitudinal study

The present study explored the relationship between emotion identification skill (EIS) and friendships in adolescence. Students from five Australian high schools completed questionnaires annually from Grade 8 to Grade 12 including subjective measures of EIS and a peer-based objective measure of social functioning (e.g., friendship nominations). The total sample of participants was 795 (406 males; 389 females) with 468 (225 males; 243 females) completing questionnaires in Grade 12. EIS in early adolescence was predictive of friendships for females in late adolescence. Specifically, girls starting out with low EIS in Grade 8 tended to have fewer female friendships and more male friendships in Grade 12. There were no effects for males. Lower initial EIS was associated with significant improvements in awareness over time, but these improvements had no effect on friendships in Grade 12. The EIS that girls enter high school with may influence their friendship composition into late adolescence.     

2013年襄阳市城区健康知识知晓率、健康行为形成率和健康技能掌握率调查

目的 了解2013年襄阳市城区不同人群健康知识知晓、行为形成情况及社区居民健康技能掌握情况,为制定健康教育干预方案提供科学依据.方法 采用分层抽样和简单随机抽样方法,于2013年11月对本市城区内不同人群进行问卷调查.结果 健康知识总知晓率为86.3％,从高到低依次为中小学生（90.7％）、住院病人（90.1％）、行业职工（84.6％）及社区居民（82.5％）;健康行为总形成率为86.3％,从高到低依次为住院病人（88.6％）、中小学生（87.0％）、行业职工（79.5％）及社区居民（73.5％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;社区居民健康技能掌握率为79.0％.结论 襄阳市城区健康知识知晓率、行为形成率及技能掌握率总体上达到国家卫生城市标准要求,但仍不客松懈,需进一步制定相应的健康教育干预措施.     

高血压社区规范化管理的近期效果评价

目的 评价高血压社区规范化管理对改善患者高血压知识知晓率、治疗依从率和血压控制率的近期效果.方法 选择广陈社区11个行政村5 262例高血压患者作为研究对象,随机分为规范化管理组（SM组）2622例,进行分级随访管理,非规范化管理组（NSM组）2 640例,给予一般随访管理,1年后对管理效果进行评价.结果 管理满1年,规范化管理组高血压知识知晓率、治疗依从率和血压控制率分别达到70.1％、61.1％和49.1％,明显高于管理前和非规范化管理组三率,而非规范化管理组管理前后高血压知识知晓率、治疗依从率和血压控制率无明显变化（P＞0.05）,两组管理后各率比较均有显著差异（P＜0.01）;规范化管理组一年内新发心脑血管事件低于非规范化管理组（0.8％vs2.0％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 实施高血压社区规范化管理,能有效提升高血压患者的知识知晓率、治疗依从率和血压控制率,降低心脑血管事件发生,是当前高血压防治的有效策略.     

武汉东西湖区职业人群布病知识知晓率调查

目的了解武汉市东西湖区布鲁氏菌病职业人群对布病相关知识的知晓率及卫生行为习惯,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法采用普查方法,对东西湖区与羊养殖、贩卖等密切相关的职业人群进行布病卫生防护知识和行为的问卷调查。结果共有效调查布病相关职业人员147人,男性居多,占62．59％（92／147）,年龄集中在20～79岁,平均年龄50．6岁,职业以羊散养户为主占87．07％（128／147）,初中及以下文化程度占77．56％（114／147）,调查人群布病卫生防护知识总体知晓率为49．18％,其中男性对布病各相关知识的知晓率高于女性（X2=12．849,P〈O．01）。结论本次调查结果显示东西湖区相关职业人群对布病相关知识的知晓率低,散养户暴露于饲养环境以及与病死羊接触过程中采取个人防护措施的意识差,因此,在职业人群中加强布病相关知识的健康宣传至关重要。