L’énurésie nocturne primaire : un cas de pédopsychiatrie ordinaire

This article develops a reflection in connection with a symptom childpsychiatric, altogether rather banal in terms of frequency, namely the night primary enuresis. In a society in search of a rational comprehension of the phenomena and installation of therapeute tested, it is interesting to note that the enuresis puts in failure the too exclusive groundworks of treatment requiring kind a broad evaluative approach and a method of support based on the respect of the rythm of the child and his family. Starting from a clinical case, the author develops the relevance of format of talks including the child and the parent where the symptom if it is present is far from being centrally approched. In addition, a consideration of the various treatments shows the need for a structured clinical position, structuring but not directly confronting.     

瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油控制性降压在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的比较瑞芬太尼和瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油在全麻下鼻内镜手术中控制性降压效果。方法鼻内镜下鼻息肉、鼻窦炎手术病人共40例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,用随机数字表分为瑞芬组和瑞硝组,每组20例,咪达唑仑、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和维库溴铵静脉复合全麻气管插管,2组术中均以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)、丙泊酚2～5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)持续泵输,维库溴铵4 mg·h~(-1),静脉注射。瑞硝组加用硝酸甘油静脉滴注,开始剂量5μg·min~(-1),调节滴速使收缩压维持在12 kPa(90 mmHg)左右。观察降压前(T_0)、降压后5 min(T_1)、30 min(T_2)、60 min(T_3)和停止降压后5 min(T_4)的收缩压和心率,计算心肌氧耗指数,瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量,手术时间和病人苏醒时间。结果2组病人年龄、性别和体重间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_1时2组血压明显下降,与T_0比较,均P<0.01,且瑞硝组降压程度明显大于瑞芬组(P<0.01),降压后的T_1,T_2瑞硝组心率加快,与瑞芬组相比有非常显著意义(P<0.01);降压期的氧耗指数,瑞硝组低于瑞芬组(P<0.05,P<0.01);停止降压后,瑞芬组血压和心率变化与T_3比,无统计学意义(P>0.05),但瑞硝组血压和心率均明显增加(P<0.01);瑞芬组的瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量和手术时间明显大于瑞硝组(P<0.01),2组病人的苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻内镜手术瑞芬太尼在常用剂量范围内作控制性降压虽比较平稳,但难以达到目标血压,联合硝酸甘油后效果明显,并可减少麻醉药用量和手术时间,减少病人医疗费用。     

Chemoradioimmunotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and interferon-α in pancreatic and periampullary cancer: Results of a feasibility study

BackgroundRecent studies give rise to the hypothesis, that adjuvant chemoradioimmunotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin and interferon-α (IFN-α) might be a possible new treatment of pancreatic cancer in resected patients. We report the up-to-now experience at our institution.Patients and methodsEleven patients with histological diagnosis of localized carcinoma of the pancreas (n = 7) or periampullary (n = 4) were prospectively analyzed. Four patients were deemed unresectable because of local invasion of adjacent organs (neoadjuvant setting) and seven patients underwent curative resection (adjuvant setting). Eight patients were classified as T3 carcinomas and three T4 carcinomas. Fifty-five per cent (6/11) of the patients presented with positive lymph node involvement. One histological Grade I, six Grade II and three Grade III were detected. External conformal irradiation to a total dose of 50.4 Gy with 1.8 Gy per day was delivered. All patients received a concomitant chemotherapy with continuous 5-FU 200 mg/m² per day on 28 treatment days and intravenous bolus cisplatin 30 mg/m² per week (Day 2, 9, 16, 23, 30). A recombinant r-IFN-α was administered on three days weekly during Week one to five of the radiotherapy course as subcutanous injections with 3*3 Mio. I.U. weekly.ResultsThe four-year overall survival rate for all patients was 55%. In the neoadjuvant group, three of four patients died due to progressive disease; in the adjuvant group, combined chemoradioimmunotherapy lead to controlled disease in five of seven patients. The overall toxicity was well-managed.ConclusionOur data strengthens the hypothesis of concomitant chemoradioimmunotherapy with 5-FU, IFN-α and cisplatin as a possible new treatment of pancreatic cancer in resected patients.     

Bilan d’années d’art-thérapie

Our experience of twenty years in art-therapy confirms its great difficulty, if its aim may be a true psychotherapy.     

Non-metastatic prostate cancer treated with exclusive radiotherapy: prognosis of patients according to lymph node radiologic or surgical assessment method. Multivariate retrospective analysis

PURPOSE: To compare retrospectively the outcome of localized prostate cancers treated by curative external radiotherapy in which the negative lymphatic status was either surgically or radiologically assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1986 to December 1995, 112 patients with localized prostate cancers were found to have no evidence of lymphatic disease in the pelvis. N0 status was assessed either surgically (61 patients, group pN-) or after a CT scan procedure (51 patients, group cN0). The treatment consisted of conventional external radiotherapy using a four-fields box technique to a total dose of 65 Gy. The pelvis was never irradiated. RESULTS: The two groups did not statistically differ according to age, PSA level, Gleason score, T stage and hormonal therapy. Actuarial NED survival rates were 80% and 60% at five and ten years respectively. At ten years, the actuarial NED survival rates were 78% and 34% in the pN- and cN0 groups respectively (p = 0.003). The multivariate analysis corroborated the positive impact of lymphatic dissection before radiotherapy on disease free survival of T1-T2 patients, but not for T3 stages. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study suggests the inability of CT scan to accurately evaluate the lymph node status in carcinoma of the prostate. Systematic ilio-obturator nodal dissection is strongly recommended in early stages before curative radiotherapy. Only pN-patients should be included in high dose conformal irradiation trials.     

Le rétinoblastome

Résumé: Le rétinoblastome est la tumeur maligne intraoculaire la plus fréquente de l’enfant. Son incidence est de 1/15000 naissances. Soixante pour cent sont unilatéraux avec un age médian au diagnostic de deux ans, la plupart étant des formes non héréditaires. Le rétinoblastome est bilate ral dans 40 % des cas, l’age médian de survenue au diagnostic est alors d’un an. Toutes les formes bilatérales ou unilatérales multifocales sont héréditaires. Le rétinoblastome héréditaire constitue un syndrome de prédisposition génétique au cancer: un sujet porteur d’une mutation constitutionnelle du gène RB1 présente un risque supérieur à 90 % de développer un rétinoblastome et est par ailleurs exposé au risque de tumeur secondaire. Les deux sympt?mes les plus fréquemment rencontrés sont la leucocorie et le strabisme. L’examen du fond d’oeil permet le diagnostic, l’échographie, le scanner et l’IRM pouvant y contribuer. La prise en charge des patients doit prendre en compte divers facteurs: le potentiel visuel, la possible nature héréditaire de l’affection et le risque vital. Une énucléation est souvent nécessaire en cas de forme unilatérale, un traitement adjuvant étant indiqué en fonction des facteurs de risque histologiques. Un traitement conservateur pour au moins un oeil est possible dans la plupart des formes bilatérales: thermochimiothérapie, cryothérapie, laser (thermothérapie), curiethérapie par disque d’iode. On tente de limiter les indications de radiothérapie externe aux grosses tumeurs avec essaimage vitréen, en raison des effets tardifs dont les sarcomes secondaires. Un suivi à long terme et une information précoce des patients et de leur famille concernant les risques de transmission et de tumeurs secondaires sont nécessaires. Oncopédiatrie     

Effets tardifs des radiations ionisantes sur les tissus de la sphère otorhinolaryngologique

Numerous structures are included in the irradiated volume of patients presenting with head and neck cancer: skin, mucosa, bone, teeth, cartilage, muscles, salivary glands, etc. Curative intent treatment of such tumours requires aggressive approach which can lead to severe sequellae. These sequellae are in most cases dose-dependent and volume-dependent. However, an appropriate technique might decrease the severity of such sequellae. Details of these late changes are presented, including their pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, potential treatment, and prevention.