固尔苏治疗NRDS前后血管内皮分泌功能的改变

目的 :研究肺表面活性物质 (PS)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 (NRDS)前后血管内皮分泌功能变化及可能的治疗机理。方法 :用PS制剂固尔苏治疗 18例NRDS患儿 ,于治疗前 3 0min ,治疗后 1、 6、 12、 2 4h ,用硝酸还原酶法测定NO (一氧化氮 )、放射免疫法测定ET (内皮素 )、 6 K PGF1α (6 酮前列环素 )。结果 :固尔苏治疗后患儿NO、 6 K PGF1α明显升高 ,ET明显下降 ,与治疗前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。治疗后 1、 6、 12、 2 4hNO、6 k PGF1α、ET各组间两两比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :PS治疗NRDS的机理可能是通过改善血管内皮功能发挥作用 ,为用外源性NO吸入和静注前列环素辅助治疗NRDS提供可能的实验依据。     

HIV/AIDS合并深部真菌感染的调查与耐药研究

目的：了解艾滋病病毒／艾滋病(HIV／AIDS)合并深部真菌感染的临床状况、病原菌分类及耐药现状。方法：总结近年来收治的131例HIV/AIDS患者的临床资料，分析深部真菌感染的发生情况及药敏试验结果。结果：HIV／AIDS患者合并深部真菌感染48例，感染率为36．6％，其中以念珠菌为主，占61％，感染部位以消化道为主，占62．7％。随着CD4^ T淋巴细胞的减少，合并深部真菌感染的感染率逐渐增加。念珠菌对益康唑(ECO)、酮康唑(KET)、咪康唑(MIC)、制霉菌素(NYS)、氟康唑(FLU)、伊曲康唑(ITR)、5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)、两性霉素B(AMB)耐药率分别为69．4％、66．7％、58．3％、44．4％、43．8％、36．4％、14．3％、13．9％。结论：HIV／AIDS患者合并深部真菌感染率高，且多有药耐药性，特别是对咪唑类抗真菌药物已呈明显耐药，应引起临床医生的高度警惕。     

抗棘球蚴药物研究:3-取代苯基-5-取代-1,2,4-噁二唑的合成

合成了3-取代苯基-5-取代-1,2,4-(口恶)二唑类化合物50个,经感染棘球蚴的小鼠初筛,部分化合物对棘球蚴有不同程度的作用,化合物13、28和30对棘球蚴的囊重抑制率分别为70、75.6和71.6%,其中化合物13对棘球蚴的生发层有损害作用。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of antibody-mediated demyelinating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Two models of demyelinating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied on Lewis rats in whom the disease was induced by injections of either (i) lentil-lectine binding myelin glycoproteins plus myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells (36 rats), or (ii) myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody plus MBP-specific T cells (16 rats). In our 24 control rats, 20 received MBP-specific T cells only, and four received myelin glycoproteins plus purified protein derivative-specific T cells. The extent of the resulting blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, vasogenic oedema and/or demyelination was assessed in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The results show that in both demyelinating EAE models the disease appeared more quickly, progressed very rapidly and was more severe than when induced with a similar number of MBP-specific T cells alone. Almost all animals developed hypercute EAE, with a very high mortality rate. MRI showed a very intense BBB breakdown and vasogenic oedema in all the normally ‘leaky’ areas of the central nervous system, and focal lesions corresponding to plaque formation in the brain stem or spinal cord near the ‘leaky’ areas. During the 40-day observation period, the rare survivors of this hyperacute form of EAE presented a chronic form of EAE with serious sequelae. Our results demonstrate that the synergistic effect observed between MBP-specific T cells and antibodies to myelin glycoproteins, especially to myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, does not only induced demyelinating lesions and chronic clinical signs, but is further responsible, via the normally ‘leaky areas’, for the fatal increase of the BBB breakdown and vasogenic oedema of which there are ample acute clinical signs.     

穴位综合疗法对先天愚型患者智商的影响

【目的】评价中医穴位疗法对先天愚型患者智商的影响。【方法】将80例先天愚型患者随机分为穴位综合疗法治疗组(简称综合治疗组)、脑复康对照组(简称脑复康组)、空白对照组,综合治疗组取四神针(百会穴前、后、左、右各旁开1.5寸)、智三针(神庭穴和左右本神穴)、颞三针(耳失直上2寸为第1针,左右旁开1寸为第2、3针)、脑三针(脑户穴及两侧脑空穴)为主穴,进行针刺和维生素B_(12)、维丁胶性钙、脑活素穴位注射,脑复康组口服脑复康,空白组不作任何特殊治疗;4个月为1个疗程,期间嘱家长在家对患儿进行相应的教育和训练;治疗前和疗程结束后采用 《中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表》测定患儿的智商(IQ),包括语言IQ(VIQ)、操作IQ(PIQ)和总IQ(FIQ)。【结果】4个月治疗后,综合治疗组总体智力水平均有提高(与空白组比较,均P<0.01),并较脑复康组为优;并且综合治疗组治疗后IQ的提高主要为PIO各项得分的提高所贡献,与操作有关的几个项目的得分与治疗前比,均有显著意义(P<0.05),而VIQ得分治疗后未见显著性提高(均P>0.05)。【结论】穴位综合疗法能提高先天愚型患者的智商。     

肥厚性瘢痕组织中VEGF、ICAM-1、c-fos表达的变化

目的 检测与血管内皮细胞激活及增生相关的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、细胞间粘附分子－1（ICAM－1），以及c-fos原癌基因在肥厚性瘢痕组织中的表达。方法 采用免疫组化SP方法，比较VEGF、ICAM－1、c-fos在肥厚性瘢痕、正常瘢痕、正常皮肤组织中的表达。结果 VEGF、ICAM－1、c-fos在肥厚性瘢痕中表达皆增强。VEGF、c-fos主要表达在表皮、真皮血管、皮肤附属器；ICAM－1主要表达在真皮浅层血管、浸润的炎细胞、成纤维细胞。结论 肥厚性瘢痕组织中血管内皮细胞处于一种激活状态，肥厚性瘢痕组织内皮细胞和成纤维增殖异常。     

金珠滴眼液治疗慢性结膜炎的临床研究

目的　探讨金珠滴眼液治疗慢性结膜炎的疗效。方法　将慢性结膜炎患者 36例 6 8眼随机分为2组 ,每组 34眼 ,实验组用 7.8%金珠滴眼液点眼治疗 ,对照组用 0 .2 5 %氯霉素点眼治疗。结果　金珠滴眼液1、2、4周疗效的综合分值判定均与对照组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且无局部刺激性。结论　金珠滴眼液对慢性结膜炎有明显的治疗作用 ,可望为临床常见多发的慢性结膜炎患者消除或缓解症状     

肾小管泌氢功能试验在肾移植监测中的价值

对36例肾移植患者肾移植前与术后8周内的肾小管泌氢功能，包括尿pH、可滴定酸（TA）、NH4＋、酸净排出量（NAC）及HCO3-浓度进行动态监测，以探讨该试验在术后监测中的价值。结果发现，移植前pH及HCO3-明显高于正常，TA、NH4＋及NAC明显低于正常。移植后肾功能稳定恢复组的五个参数均逐渐恢复，其中完全恢复正常者占62．5％；排斥组出现排斥反应时TA、NH4＋及NAC合量下降，随排斥逆转而有所恢复，完全达正常者占37．5％；肾失功组患者TA、NH4＋及NAC始终波动于低水平，而pH与HCO3-增高。结果表明，肾移植术活动态监测肾小管泌氢功能对了解移植肾功能状态、预测排斥反应的发生以及判断疗效和预后具有一定参考价值。     

Radiation doses deriving from patients undergoing 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-octreotide scintigraphy

The purpose of this study was to estimate the radiation doses to nursing staff, other patients, accompanying persons and family members deriving from patients undergoing ¹¹¹In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-octreotide (¹¹¹In-OCT) scintigraphy. Dose rates were measured from 16 patients who had received an intravenous injection of 140±40 MBq ¹¹¹In-OCT. The measurements were performed at three different distances (0.5, 1 and 2 m) at 10–20 min, 5–7 h and 24 h (and in some cases, up to 48 h) after administration of ¹¹¹In-OCT. The effective half-lives of the biexponential decrease of the dose rates were estimated to be 2.94±0.27 h (T ₁) and 65.17±0.58 h (T ₂). The calculated maximum dose to other persons in the waiting area was 27.2 μSv, to family members 61.5 μSv, to nursing staff in a ward 24.1 μSv and to neighbouring patients in the ward 69.5 μSv. Our results clearly demonstrate that the calculated maximum radiation exposure to accompanying persons, personnel, family members and other patients is well below the maximum annual dose limit for non-professionally exposed persons. Received 20 May and in revised form 9 July 1997