丹参饮促进胃溃疡愈合作用及其机理研究

目的:观察丹参饮对大鼠乙酸性胃溃疡的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:应用大鼠乙酸性胃溃疡模型,给予丹参饮治疗14 d后,观察胃粘膜损伤程度(UI),检测血清NO含量和血浆PGE2水平,测定胃壁结合粘液的含量、溃疡边缘粘膜细胞凋亡(AI)、凋亡相关基因Bcl-2以及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达。结果:与模型组相比,丹参饮可明显促进大鼠溃疡愈合(P<0.01),提高血清NO、血浆PGE2和胃壁结合粘液含量(P<0.05),并显著抑制胃溃疡边缘粘膜细胞凋亡(P<0.01),同时促进EGFR和凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的表达,其中7、3.5g.kg-1剂量组作用更为显著(P<0.01)。结论:通过胃粘膜防御因子及抑制凋亡途径来促进溃疡愈合可能是丹参饮治疗胃溃疡的作用机制之一。     

表皮生长因子受体在鼻咽癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体与细胞增殖、转化的关系。方法采用免疫组化ABC法检测24例正常鼻咽黏膜上皮及60例鼻咽癌组织表皮生长因子受体的表达情况。结果表皮生长因子受体在鼻咽癌组织中呈异质性表达,其阳性率明显高于正常黏膜组织(P<0.05),且表达情况与颈淋巴结转移及预后存在相关性。结论表皮生长因子受体在鼻咽癌组织中的表达水平可作为评估鼻咽癌细胞增殖状态、颈淋巴结转移情况及病人预后的一项参考指标。     

甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体的抗肿瘤作用实验研究

目的研究甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体的抗肿瘤作用。方法用胆固醇氯甲酸醋和N，N-二甲基乙二胺反应生成313[N-（N’，N’-二甲基氨基乙烷）-氨基甲酰]胆固醇（DC—chol），以DC—chol、二棕榈磷脂酰基乙醇胺（DoPE）和N-[2-（胆固醇氧羰基氨基）乙基]用氨酰甲基化革露聚糖（chol—AECM—mannan）为原料合成甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体，检测脂质体粒径大小。应用C57小鼠制备移植性肺癌模型，静脉给予各种纳米脂质体（实验纳米脂质体，无革露聚糖修饰的包裹有EGFR的纳米脂质体、空纳米脂质体）及对照EGFR，观察小鼠的一般情况及肿瘤生长情况；行ELISA和Western Blotting检测小鼠血清中抗体漓度差别。结果脂质体粒径大小为132．6nm。ELISA和Western Blotting检测均显示实验组小鼠血清有抗体产生而且抗体漓度远大于其他对照组。实验组肿瘤体积明显小于对照组（EGFR及空白脂质体组，P〈0．05）。结论研究结果表明实验组小鼠肿瘤生长受到抑制，甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体对小鼠肺癌有一定疗效。     

人正常早孕滋养细胞体外培养株的系统鉴定

目的 建立人早孕滋养细胞株（HPT-8）的系统鉴定方法。方法 通过光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、免疫组化和免疫荧光激光共聚焦的方法对体外培养出的HPT-8进行系统鉴定评价。结果 电镜下可见细胞表面微绒毛丰富；胞质丰富；内质网扩张明显，细胞间紧密的桥粒样结构连接；检测细胞胞浆中角蛋白18和波形蛋白均为阳性，细胞胞浆中角蛋白7为阳性，细胞膜上移动相关蛋白为阳性。表皮生长因子受体、滋养细胞趋化因子和胎盘碱性磷酸酶结果均阳性，而人绒毛促性腺激素和胎盘催乳素结果均为阴性。结论 通过多种方法对HPT-8进行形态、超微结构、蛋白骨架和功能指标的综合评价，可以较全面的确定体外传至72代的细胞株HPT-8为具有部分内分泌功能的滋养细胞株，为进一步开展实验研究建立细胞模型。     

NF-κB和EGFR在不同放射敏感性胶质瘤中的表达

 目的 探讨NF-κB和EGFR的表达水平与胶质瘤放射敏感性的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测NF-κB p50、p65及EGFR在5例正常脑组织和82例不同放射敏感性胶质瘤中的表达。结果 NF-κBB p50、p65和EGFR在正常脑组织中均未见表达。髓母细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、少枝胶质细胞瘤、低(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)及高级别(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤的NF-κB和EGFR表达率呈依次上升趋势。对放疗最敏感的髓母细胞瘤表达率与其他各组均有显著性差异(P<0．05)。结论 NF-κB和EGFR表达水平与胶质瘤的不同放射敏感性可能相关。     

Impact of EGFR expression on colorectal cancer patient prognosis and survival.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many types of cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), and seems to reflect more aggressive histological and clinical behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate EGFR immunohistochemical reactivity in CRC biopsies, and to analyze its relationship with various histological and clinical characteristics and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A composite EGFR score, obtained by multiplying the grade (% positive cells) by the intensity of labeling (0-9) was used to define patients with low or high EGFR expression whose clinicopathological features were then compared. Univariate tests and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were applied for data analysis. RESULTS: Tissue sections from 150 CRC patients with a median follow-up of 40 months were examined. Median patient age at diagnosis was 70 years (range 38-89 years). EGFR reactivity was positive for 143 patients (97%) and high for 118 (80%). According to multivariate analysis, EGFR overexpression was significantly associated with tumor stage, with a higher percentage of EGFR overexpression in T3 than T4 (P=0.003) and not with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR was overexpressed in this CRC patient population and was significantly associated with TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage T3. In the context of a new therapeutic strategy using EGFR-targeted therapies, although EGFR remains a controversial prognostic factor, this expression-stage association may play a crucial role in a decision to initiate an adjuvant treatment.     

Les thérapies ciblées des cancers des VADS

Résumé: Nous abordons dans cette revue de la littérature les thérapies ciblées des carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures (CEVADS). Vu les modifications moléculaires engendrées par la carcinogenèse des CEVADS, de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques sont venues enrichir l’arsenal du traitement conventionnel. Ces nouvelles molécules visent les altérations moléculaires et bloquent des voies métaboliques jouant sur la progression tumorale. Le chef de file en est le récepteur à l’«epidermal growth factor».Les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures     

EGFR-directed therapies to treat non-small-cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. In 2008, in the US > 200,000 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer and > 160,000 died from their disease. Over 80% of lung cancers are of the non-small cell type, for which chemotherapy has demonstrated modest survival benefits at all stages of disease. Agents that alter critical molecular cell growth pathways are a growing area of research and development including targeted therapies directed at the EGFR. Downstream effects of EGFR dimerization and activation include cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis, key events in the malignant process. Two main classes of drugs have been developed, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of the receptor. This review discusses clinical studies with several new therapies and the plans for drug development.     

Molecular biology of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition for cancer therapy

Understanding the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cellular signalling processes underlying malignancy has enabled the development of rationally designed EGFR-targeted therapeutics. Strategies have been devised to interfere with the EGFR signalling at three different levels: at the extracellular level, competing with ligand binding; at the intracellular level, inhibiting the activation of the tyrosine kinase; or at the mRNA level, modulating the expression of the EGFR protein. Each of these strategies has proven to have an antitumour effect mediated by events such as inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, decrease of cellular invasion and migration; and/or inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, the combination of these strategies with traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy has generally resulted in enhanced antitumour effects. Likewise, the benefit of interfering simultaneously with different signalling pathways has been documented to improve tumour growth inhibition. These preclinical results have encouraged clinical studies that led to the FDA approval of three drugs. However, finding the perfect strategy for each individual patient appears to be a limiting factor, demanding further research to be able to generate relevant molecular expression profiles on a case-to-case basis. Taken together, a successful EGFR inhibition will require a better understanding of signalling pathways in combination with the development of rationally designed effective molecules.     

Immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study on epithelioid glioblastoma: Series of seven cases with review of literature

Epithelioid glioblastoma (e-gbm) is a recently described variant of glioblastoma (GBM) which is associated with short survival and now added as a provisional entity to WHO 2016 classification of CNStumors. About half of these tumors show characteristic BRAF-V600E mutation. However, unlike conventional GBMs, e-gbm lack specific diagnostic and prognostic markers. Hence, we aimed to molecularly characterize these tumors. An extensive review of literature was performed.In a multi-institutional effort, all the cases of glioblastoma of year 2017 were reviewed. Cases with predominant epithelioid morphology were analysed. Seven cases of e-gbm (adults:4 and pediatric: 3) were identified. Duration of symptoms varied from 2 weeks to one month. Radiologically, all cases were supratentorial, contrast enhancing with solid and cystic appearance. Majority of the cases were immunopositive for GFAP (71%), EMA (71%), S100 (71%) and vimentin (85%). All the cases showed ATRX, INI-1 and H3K27me3 expression. BRAFV600Emutation was seen in 28% of cases. TERT mutation was seen in 40% cases, while one case showed EGFR amplification. H3F3A mutations and PTEN deletions were seen in none. Although e-gbms are rare, epithelioid morphology of a CNS tumor in a young adult or children with areas of necrosis needs thorough histomorphological and genetic workup.