Relationship between physical growth and motor development in the WHO Child Growth Standards

Aim: To examine relationships among physical growth indicators and ages of achievement of six gross motor milestones in the WHO Child Growth Standards population. Methods: Gross motor development assessments were performed longitudinally on the 816 children included in the WHO Child Growth Standards. Six milestones (sitting without support, hands-and-knees crawling, standing with assistance, walking with assistance, standing alone, walking alone) were assessed monthly from 4 until 12 mo of age and bimonthly thereafter until children could walk alone or reached 24 mo. Failure time models were used 1) to examine associations between specified ages of motor milestone achievement and attained growth z scores and 2) to quantify these relationships as delays or accelerations in ages of milestone achievement. Results: Statistically significant associations were noted between ages of achievement of sitting without support and attained weight-for-age, weight-for-length and BMI-for-age z scores. An increase of one unit z score in these indicators was associated with 3 to 6 d acceleration in the respective achievement age. Statistically significant associations also were noted between various milestone achievement ages and growth when 3- or 6-mo and birth length-for-age z scores were entered jointly in the failure time models. In these analyses, one unit z-score increase in length-for-age was associated with 1 to 3 d delay in the respective achievement age.
Conclusion: Sporadic, significant associations were observed between gross motor development and some physical growth indicators, but these were quantitatively of limited practical significance. These results suggest that, in healthy populations, the attainment of these six gross motor milestones is largely independent of variations in physical growth.     

皮质发育障碍模型的建立及其致痫敏感性的研究

目的:建立皮质发育障碍模型,探讨皮质发育障碍模型的敏感性。方法:在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔注入1,3-二氯乙烯-亚硝基脲(BCNU)制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60d仔鼠病理变化;选取P60d雄性仔鼠,腹腔注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱,分别比较两组大鼠癫发生的潜伏期、持续状态时间和死亡率。结果:同龄仔鼠脑组织湿重实验组比对照组显著减轻(P<0.01);Nissl染色显示皮质变薄、皮质层次紊乱、海马区域异位细胞异常聚集;有皮质发育障碍的仔鼠注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱后,癫发生的潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),癫持续状态时间延长(P<0.01),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:BCNU致皮质发育障碍模型具有癫易感性。     

Development of autoimmune hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis.

AIM/BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown aetiology. Up to 10% of patients with typical features of PBC will have additional features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). A subset, however, have no such features but go on to develop a 'sequential' AIH overlap syndrome. Objectives: Describe our experience with eight patients who developed AIH after the diagnosis of PBC was made. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all PBC patients over a 9-year period (from 1996 to 2005). Only PBC patients with no features of AIH were included. RESULTS: There were 1476 patients with PBC. Of these, eight patients developed features of AIH overlap syndrome based on biochemical and histological parameters. Treatment included prednisone and azathioprine for 24 or more months. The majority of patients remained on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) throughout treatment. Response to therapy was defined by improvement in enzymes, and was rapid for all patients. One patient was able to discontinue treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, while seven have continued on therapy to date. CONCLUSIONS: A 'sequential' overlap syndrome of AIH with PBC can occur. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine may lead to a rapid improvement in aminotransferase levels.     

试论医学院校的转型和发展战略

我国医学院校的发展道路有通过“强强联合”并入综合性大学和通过学科多样化“转型”为多科性大学两种类型。“转型”方式虽然不受广泛的关注，却正在低调而广泛地运行，成为独立设置医学院校自我发展和提高的主要方式。转型期医学院校在发展战略上有明显共性，如专业学科布局的优化、大力扶植基础学科、整合临床资源凸显医学主体、校园规划和建设体现多科性大学的包容性等，应予以重视。     

中文语音检验系统的开发及其临床应用

目的：自行开发中文语音检验系统,应用于血、尿液分析仪检测数据及患者姓名中文发音等事务管理.方法：采用Microsoft Access 2000建立相关数据库/表,在可视化编程语言Visual Basic 6.0环境中,通过标准串口通讯控件MsComm,接收仪器检测数据,调用Windows API中文语音函数,对患者姓名中文发音,并将编写的源代码生成单独可执行程序及其安装程序.结果：该程序应用于临床,检测了10万份样本,运行稳定,数据全部成功存储入库/表,中文语音清晰,使用简单快捷.结论：计算机与检验分析仪联机,可有效地对检测数据进行灵活的管理,同时清晰的中文发音,杜绝了报告单发放处的拥挤现象,为门诊检验提供一个井然有序的就医环境,亦有利于报告单规范化.     

早期干预对高危儿在婴儿早期发育的影响

目的：探讨早期干预对高危儿在婴儿早期发育的影响。方法：采用自行设计的一套早期干预方法通过指导家长对实验组实施，分别在3个月、6个月时进行格体生长和行为发育的评估，另设对照组进行比较。结果：实验组和对照组在体重、身长、头围方面均无统计学差异，但实验组的5个能区行为发育商均值都高于对照组，除3个月的语言能区外，其余均有统计学差异。结论：早期干预在婴儿早期就能促进高危儿的行为发育，但对促进高危儿的体格生长无明显效果。     

临床Ⅲ°烧伤创面病人43例分析

分析４３例烧伤初期Ⅱ°创面演变为临床Ⅲ°烧伤创面的病人资料，发现演变多发生在伤后第１～２１天，发生的原因主要与清创、休克及并发症有关。因此，除进一步减少创面损伤外，应注意提高病人的机体抵抗力，处理好饶伤初期Ⅱ°创面。     

类保幼激素对三带喙库蚊幼期发育的影响

本文报告用亚致死剂量的 S—31183(类保幼激素)处理三带喙库蚊幼虫对其发育影响的研究,结果表明处理后蛹期死亡率明显高于幼虫期,并且与剂量大小有关。S—31183处理幼虫并不影响幼虫的发育时间,但可使幼虫化蛹时蜕皮受阻与羽化受到一定的抑制。     

“亚地克病”诊断标准探讨及修正建议

在新疆石河子市远郊缺碘地甲病区7～17岁儿童中取样,检测智力、精神运动功能、身高、体重和骨龄,发现精神运动发育障碍和骨龄落后的程度及发生频度明显高于非病区;而智力落后和体格发育落后两区无显著差异。根据这一发现认为在“亚地克病”诊断中,“精神运动发育测验”较“比内测验”更具有特异性和敏感性;建议在“出生、居住于缺碘地甲病区”前提下,将精神运动发育障碍和智力落后并列为主要条件。另根据地克病的分型原则,提出“亚地克病”的分型标准。     

脐血铅含量与婴儿神经行为发育的探讨

目的：了解广西地区儿童铅中毒状况，研究铅对婴儿神经发育的影响。方法：选择1020名婴儿，以脐血铅作为铅暴露示标，3月龄时在贝利（Bayley)婴儿发育表上以精神发育指数（MDI）和心理运动发育指数（PDI）为效应示标。结果：血铅≥0．48μmol/L的婴儿其MDI和PDI明显落后于相对低铅组，随着分界线的下移，两组间MDI和PDI差别渐趋缩小，当分界线为0.24μmol/L时，高、低铅组MDI和PDI已不存在统计学差异。结论：当血铅≥0.48μmol/L时，婴儿神经行为发育即可受到不利影响。