达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫预报的数学模型(Ⅳ)

根据我国松辽平原1952～1986年鼠疫疫点资料,利用逐步回归分析,得到预报达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫流行的又一数学模型,并给出强度等级预报。     

甘肃省1959—1988年人间鼠疫流行病学特征及控制措施的研究

本文研究了甘肃省１９５９－１９８８年发生的２３起６３例人间鼠疫的流行病学特征。研究结果表明本省人间鼠疫地在理分布上具有分散性，孤立性，局限性和与鼠疫疫源地的关联性，在时间分布上具有间断生，突发性。不均衡性和集中于狩猎旱獭期的季节性，传染源主要是染疫的鼓马拉雅旱獭（Ｍａｒｍｏｔａ ｈｉｍａｌａｙａｎａ）和肺型鼠疫病人，死于鼠疫的患者尸体和其他染疫动物尸体可能起到过传染源的作用；传播途径以直接接触传染     

Urban epidemic of bubonic plague in Majunga, Madagascar: epidemiological aspects

After an absence of 62 years, an epidemic of plague occurred in the harbour city of Majunga (Madagascar) from July 1995 to March 1996, following sporadic cases in March and May 1995. By 15 March 1996, 617 clinically suspected cases of bubonic plague had been notified. Laboratory testing was carried out for 394 individuals: 60 (15.2%) were confirmed to have bubonic plague and 48 (12.2%) were considered as presumptive cases. The incidence was significantly higher in males in all age groups and in both sexes in the 5–19 age group. Twenty‐four deaths were related to plague, but early treatment with streptomycin has confirmed its effectiveness insofar as the case‐fatality ratio was only 8.7% among confirmed and presumptive cases admitted to hospital. The difficulty of clinically diagnosing bubonic plague was affirmed. The disease met favourable conditions through the poverty and low level of hygiene prevalent in most parts of Majunga.     

Prophylaxis and therapy of plague

Plague has been a scourge of mankind for centuries, and outbreaks continue to the present day. The virulence mechanisms employed by the etiological agent Yersinia pestis are reviewed in the context of the available prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for plague. Although antibiotics are available, resistance is emerging in this dangerous pathogen. Therapeutics used in the clinic are discussed and innovative approaches to the design and development of new therapeutic compounds are reviewed. Currently there is no licensed vaccine available for prevention of plague in the USA or western Europe, although both live attenuated strains and killed whole-cell extracts have been used historically. Live strains are still approved for human use in some parts of the world, such as the former Soviet Union, but poor safety profiles render them unacceptable to many countries. The development of safe, effective next-generation vaccines, including the recombinant subunit vaccine currently used in clinical trials is discussed.     

2004-2010年青海省玉树州鼠疫监测结果分析

目的 分析2004-2010年玉树州玉树县果青地区全国鼠疫重点监测点鼠疫流行态势。 方法 对该地区鼠疫监测结果进行整理、汇总和分析。 结果 2005、2007和2010年分离到鼠疫菌,共分离到11株鼠疫菌;2005、2007和2008年共计检出鼠疫FI阳性血清104份。 结论 玉树县果青地区的动物间鼠疫持续存在,仍然需要加强该地区鼠疫宿主动物的监测,及时处理动物鼠疫疫情。     

鼠疫菌FI抗原血凝试验特异性的研究

用钩端螺旋体13群14型菌株感染雷州半岛鼠疫旧疫区黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠137只获得的血清和钩体标准菌株13群15型标准(家兔)血清、出血热(黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠和家兔)免疫血清以及炭疽血清与鼠疫四种FI抗原血凝液进行血凝(PHA)交叉试验,结果均为阴性。同时进行了鼠疫放免(RIA)测定,结果也与PHA一致。     

鼠疫疫区来船检疫查验要述

为做好鼠疫疫区来船的检疫查验,防止鼠疫从国外传入,作者参考有关文献,并结合自己的工作实践,提出及时掌握疫情信息,详细了解入境人员健康状况,认真检查船舶上的鼠虫患情况,加强对来自疫区的货物、固体垃圾和易感动物的卫生管理,是防止鼠疫通过船舶传播的重要措施。     

A microbiologic study of human fissure plague

abstract — The purpose of this investigation was to study colonization and sequencing of oral microorganisms in human tooth fissures. Five human subjects carried a total of 45 crowns of extracted, fully-impacted third molars which were held in place by means of an intraoral appliance. Each specimen was exposed to the oral environment for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15 or 21 d, and prepared under anaerobic conditions for microbiologic analysis of the fissure content. At day 1 and throughout the time sequence studied, cocci (40–70%), Gram-positive rods (20–40%) and Gram-negative rods (5–9%) constituted the predominant flora. Filaments were scarce and were recovered only from plaque more than 15 d old. Approximately 74% of the recovered organisms were acidogenic. S. mutans was found in the fissures of all subjects, but not in all specimens carried by the subjects. The percentage of S. mutans varied largely within the fissures (0–88.9%). S. sanguis was found in amounts equal to S. mutans in all subjects. Lactobacilli were recovered only in a few fissures and then in small numbers. While veillonella was present in all the fissures examined, neisseria was detected in only two subjects.     

Experimental use of a slow release device employing chlorhexidine gluconate in areas of acute periodontal inflammation

Abstract Eleven patients suffering acute exacerbations of chronic periodontitis were treated by the insertion into affected periodontal pockets of dialysis tubing containing 20% chlorhexidine gluconate. After 7 days, 9 of the 11 patients exhibited greatly reduced crevicular fluid flow, relief of discomfort and the cessation of bleeding on probing.     

Zoonotic focus of plague, Algeria

After an outbreak of human plague, 95 Xenopsylla cheopis fleas from Algeria were tested for Yersinia pestis with PCR methods. Nine fleas were definitively confirmed to be infected with Y. pestis biovar orientalis. Our results demonstrate the persistence of a zoonotic focus of Y. pestis in Algeria.