茯苓的松树蔸"一步法"栽培技术

目的：推介松树蔸“一步法”栽培茯苓技术。方法：选育优良菌种，直接在不作任何处理的树蔸上接种栽培。通过多批次的试种，完善松树蔸“一步法”栽培茯苓的技术措施，并与“传统法”进行比较。结果与结论：松树蔸“一步法”栽培茯苓简单可行，生产成本很低，值得大力推广。     

微量培养板不同保存时间对霍乱弧菌培养效果的观察

目的：通过用霍乱弧菌不定期地对冰箱内保存的微量培养板进行测试，观察不同保存时间微量板对细菌检测结果的影响，探讨微量板最佳保存时间。方法：采用霍乱弧菌常规培养法与霍乱弧菌微量板培养法怛。平行实验，比较霍乱弧菌最小检出浓度。结果：用两株菌作为测试菌，每月1次共做了6批实验，微量板最长保存时间201d。微量板培养法细菌最小检出浓度为10^0-10^2cfu／ml；常规培养法细菌最小检出浓度为10^1-10^2cfu／ml，两法对霍乱弧菌检测试验结果的敏感性较为一致。保存长达201d的微量板未发现有培养基干裂、杂菌污染及颜色改变，并且也未影响检测结果。结论：微量培养板可以用于霍乱弧菌病原检测，结果证实微量板可在冰箱保存6个月以内使用。     

中医临床基础学科的定位与构建

在明确中医临床基础学科定位、性质、任务、研究方向及建设目标的过程中，对其进行了系统探究和分析讨论。中医学科的根本特征是基于临床，离不开临床，紧扣临床，因而中医临床基础学科属性应当归属于中医学中基础学科群；其根本作用是统合基础，综合与延伸基础、指导临床、引领实践研究；其领域应当是病证的临床思维、辨证体系、治疗规律和病证规范化等。着力从临床思维、病证辨治体系、病证治疗规律及病证规范化等4大方向上去构建、充实本学科研究，使其真正成为名符其实的临床基础是本学科努力的目标与方向。     

论军医战斗精神的培育

本文论述了军队医务工作者培育战斗精神的重要性和必要性,以及战斗精神在军医岗位的本质特征。指出了培育军医战斗精神的有效途径:在经常性教育中升华,在应急卫勤保障中摔打,在从严治军中养成,在打造医院文化中熏陶。     

建构主义教育理论与儿科学教学

建构主义作为国际教育改革对教学实践最具影响力的教育理念之一，已经越来越受到重视。它在认识论、学生观、教学观等方面独到的见解，对我国全面实施素质教育具有积极的意义。本文根据构建主义学习理论的基本观点，结合医学教育的特点，采用病例分析教学法，在激发学习兴趣，鼓励探索问题，引导解决临床问题，培养临床思维能力及综合能力等方面进行了较为深入的探讨。     

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes after selective plugging of the semicircular canals in the monkey - response plane determinations

The contribution from different pairs of semicircular canals to the generation of horizontal vestibular nystagmus was examined in monkeys. Animals with different pairs of semicircular canals surgically plugged were accelerated sinusoidally at 1 Hz (a predictive stimulus) or with steps of angular velocity (a non-predictive stimulus) about an earth vertical axis while the head was placed in various static pitch positions. In normal animals, and in animals with only the lateral canals intact, horizontal nystagmus elicited with angular velocity steps is maximal at a static pitch angle of 15 degrees nose-down (relative to the horizontal stereotaxic plane). The response follows a cosine function of the pitch angle, approaches zero at an angle of 90 degrees to the optimal orientation, and finally reverses. In animals with only the vertical canals operating, direction specific horizontal nystagmus can still be elicited. Using velocity steps, a null plane at which nystagmus reverses can be determined. It is found at about 32 degrees nose-down and thus is different from the optimal plane of the lateral canals. Consequently, it is not possible to stimulate the lateral canals maximally without stimulating the vertical canals simultaneously. Using sinusoidal rotation, nystagmus is attenuated at the static pitch position of 32 degrees nose-down, but does not reverse direction with further pitching.     

甘草人工种植覆土试验

人工种植甘草覆土较难掌握。经试验证实,覆土厚度和覆盖物基质对甘草出苗率有极显著的影响。     

Morphology of rod stock and compression-moulded sheets of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene used in orthopaedic implants

Compression-moulded sheets and extruded rods of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are currently used in the production of joint replacement prostheses. Crystallographic texture present in rods and sheets of UHMWPE was measured using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic texture can induce anisotropy in macroscopic properties of polymers, such as modulus and yield stress. Both rods and sheets of UHMWPE revealed a low but discernible degree of preferred orientation of polyethylene chains within crystallites. There was a spatial variation in Crystallographic orientation in extruded rods. The direction of chain alignment within crystallites located near the outer surface of rods was orthogonal to the radial direction, whereas the chain direction was orthogonal to the axial or extrusion direction in crystallites located near the centreline of extruded rods. Crystallographic texture was spatially uniform in compression-moulded sheets with the chain direction within crystallites aligned orthogonal to the moulding direction. In both cases the induced crystallographic texture can be explained in terms of crystallization from an oriented melt.     

Motivational orientation and self-regulation in young children

This experiment was designed to investigate external demand characteristics of the environment and internal self-system influences in young children's self-regulatory behavior. Subjects performed two tasks [letter recognition and sorting] under lenient-demand conditions. External reinforcers were not emphasized. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational patterns were determined by pretesting all 32 children with the assessment instrument. Approximately half of the children were relatively intrinsically motivated [IM], and the rest were relatively extrinsically motivated [EM]. Both external and internal influences affected self-regulatory performance with time on task being the dependent variable. IM children spent more time working on tasks. This experiment demonstrates that internal self-system characteristics interact with external demand characteristics of the environment to produce substantial individual differences in young children's self-regulatory behavior.     

Alterations in hippocampal non-phosphorylated MAP2 protein expression in schizophrenia

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are central to the development of normal neuronal cytoarchitecture and have been suggested in previous studies to be altered in schizophrenia. We investigated hippocampal phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated MAP2 expression in schizophrenia in relation to neuronal orientation and interneuronal distance. One paraffin embedded mid-hippocampal block was obtained from each of 8 schizophrenic and 11 control postmortem brains and immunohistochemistry for the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of MAP2 performed. Within the corona ammonis (CA) subregions and the subiculum, we assessed densitometry readings for non-phosphorylated MAP2-positive neurones (MAP2-NP), and counted the number of neurones immunopositive for phosphorylated MAP2 (MAP2-P). Using image analysis computer software we measured interneuronal distances and neuronal orientation. While there were no overall alterations in densitometric density of MAP2-NP neurones in any hippocampal subregions, we found a left-sided increase in densitometric density of MAP2-NP neurones within the subiculum (F=8.740, P<0.021), and the CA1 (F=7.044, P<0.033) of schizophrenic subjects which were unrelated to age, postmortem interval or neuroleptic exposure. There was no accompanying alteration of interneuronal distances, neuronal orientation. The findings support previous work demonstrating altered subicular MAP2 expression in schizophrenia and indicate that the finding may be lateralised. However, in contrast to previous investigations, we have demonstrated this alteration in MAP2 expression is due to an increase in the non-phosphorylated form of MAP2, rather than a decrease in total MAP2 expression. These findings suggest that cytoskeletal assembly is abnormal in schizophrenia and generate testable hypotheses regarding the developmental basis of the disorder.