Synergistic convergence of microbiota-specific systemic IgG and secretory IgA

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Intramural sarcoma of the carotid artery with adventitial inflammation and fibrosis resembling 'inflammatory aneurysm'

A rare case Is descrlbed of an Intramural sarcoma of the rlght common carotld artery coexistlng wlth adventitial inflammation and flbrosls, resembllng 'inflammatory aneurysm', which was resected from a 33-yearold Japanese woman who had presented with a pulsatile mass on the rlght side of the anterior neck. Grossly, the wall of the carotld artery showed an intimal tear with dlssectlon of the medla filled with thrombus. A graylsh area, abutting directly onto the dlssected space and Involving the media and inner adventltia, was composed of a-smooth muscle actin-positive and desmln-negative polygonal and splndle cells with large bluntended nuclei and coarse granular chromatin arranged Into a well-organized Interlacing bundle pattern. This portlon was thus considered to represent lelomyosarcoma. White to yellow-tan fibrotic tissue present in the adventitial area consisted of extensive lamellar fibrosis wlth scattered focl of lymphoplasmacytlc aggregates and obliterated arteries, and lacked atypical spindle and polygonal cells. These changes accorded with the histopathologlcal findlngs hitherto described in cases of 'inflammatory aneurysm', which is known to almost exclusively involve the abdominal aorta. We conslder this case unique In that the leiomyosarcoma involved an artery other than the aorta, wlth an 'inflammatory aneurysm'-like reaction in the same she. The posslble relatlonship between these two condltions Is dlscussed.     

The legal mandate of drug registration authorities in theory and practice

In the course of this century all industrial nations witnessed a growth in the influence of the state over the individual. Usually, state intervention in private life is justified by the state's mandate to protect the health and security of its constituents, either through general, uniform precepts such as laws or decrees, or through individual arrangements such as licences or subsidies. The principle of state protection has also long been established in the pharmaceutical sector, and entails that regulatory agencies should only approve those drugs for market use, which--according to scientific knowledge--have benefits which outweigh their potential harmful effects. Although 'the state of scientific knowledge' seems to imply that safety decisions concerning drugs are predominantly based on medical, scientific criteria, it is argued in this paper, that regulatory agencies nevertheless have wide discretionary margins, which allow for a political dimension to such decisions. For this reason it is briefly examined how drug authorities react under political pressure, i.e. when a drug has become a public problem. Additionally, the issue is considered why especially so-called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) have recently been the focus of controversy in the media. This attention has led to a situation in which it seems that regulatory agencies only accept drugs for market use with zero risk. The paper concludes by recommending that safety decisions of health authorities should involve two expert levels: in order to make precise risk assessments on the scientific level all relevant information about risks and benefits of drugs should be collated, whereas safety decisions should be taken by experts knowledgeable in the field of societal proportions.     

基于“病-药-量”探讨《中华医典》含竹沥中药方剂相应规律的数据挖掘

目的 分析《中华医典》中含有竹沥中药方剂“病-药-量”的相应规律,为竹沥的临床诊疗应用及深入研发提供参考。方法 收集整理《中华医典》中含有竹沥的中药方剂,录入Excel 2016构建临证方药数据库,对其病症、证型、药物使用频次、功效类别、性味归经、剂型及用量等进行统计分析,运用SPSS Statistics 22.0、IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行关联规则、聚类分析等数据挖掘。结果 共收集含竹沥方剂349首,主治病证分类共99种,其中高频病证（≥20次）主要为“中风”“痰饮”“咳嗽”,治疗“中风”证型以风痰瘀阻为主,“痰饮”以饮停胃肠为主,“咳嗽”以痰热郁肺为主;组方中使用频次≥50次的药物有19味,使用频次较高的有生姜、甘草、茯苓、陈皮等,药物功效种类以化痰止咳平喘药、补虚药、清热药为主;药性使用频次最高的为寒性药,其次为温性药,药味多选用甘、苦、辛味,药物归经以脾、胃、心经为主;高频病症剂型及药物用量分析显示,治疗“中风”时,剂型多为汤剂,竹沥用量多为100 mL,核心药物配伍重用防风以祛风化痰,改善脑络痹阻;治疗“痰饮”时,剂型多为丸剂,竹沥用量为200 mL...     

LCBDE+LC与ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的网状Meta分析

目的 近年来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）普遍应用于胆系结石的治疗,本Meta分析比较了三种治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的手术方式的疗效及安全性,即LCBDE+LC、术前ERCP（PreERCP）+LC、术中ERCP（IntraERCP）+LC。方法 计算机检索Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,查找1990—2019年关于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的随机对照试验（RCT）研究。按照纳入与排除标准,选择文献、评价质量、提取数据,采用Stata软件进行网状Meta分析。计算累积排序概率曲线下面积（SUCRA）,用于预测各手术方式的有效性及安全性,主要结局指标为结石清除率,病死率,胰腺炎、胆漏、出血,以及中转开腹率。结果 共有19篇RCT研究纳入分析,共计2 627例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示：（1）结石清除率：IntraERCP+LC优于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）病死率：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）胰腺炎：PreERCP+LC的发生率高于LCBDE+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（4）出血：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（5）胆漏：LCBDE+LC的发生率高于PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（6）中转开腹率：PreERCP+LC与IntraERCP+LC、LCBDE+LC与IntraERCP+LC之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而LCBDE+LC发生率高于PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三种手术方式均可用于治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,其中IntraERCP+LC的结石清除率最高,LCBDE+LC的胆漏风险较大,而PreERCP+LC的胰腺炎风险最高。     

加速康复外科在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管切开探查取石术中的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术（LCBDE）中的应用经验。方法 回顾性分析上海市宝山区仁和医院2015年4月至2019年4月145例老年患者（65岁以上）择期行LC联合LCBDE手术的临床资料,按围手术期管理方案分为ERAS组（55例）和传统组（90例）,比较两组患者术前1 d和术后1 d的应激反应指标、肝肾功能指标,术后并发症发生率、术后康复情况及患者满意度。结果 与传统组比较,ERAS组术后1 d应激反应指标WBC [（10.83±2.06）×10⁹/L vs（ 11.94±1.68）×10⁹/L,t=3.53,P＜0.01]、CRP [（25.22±8.38） mg/L vs（28.42±9.29）mg/L,t=2.09,P=0.04]、血糖水平[（4.91±1.02）mmol/L vs（ 6.01±1.10）mmol/L,t=5.99,P＜0.01]均较低,差异具有统计学意义。两组术前1 d及术后1 d肝肾功能指标（ALT、TBIL及BUN）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。ERAS组总体并发症发生率较传统组低（15/55 vs 71/90,χ²=37.69,P＜0.01）,差异有统计学意义;其中ERAS组恶心呕吐（3/55 vs 18/90,χ²=5.83,P=0.02）、戳孔疼痛（2/55 vs 18/90,χ²=7.69,P＜0.01）的发生率明显低于传统组。术后ERAS组肛门排气时间[（1.2±0.4）d vs（ 1.6±0.5）d,t=4.45,P＜0.01]、住院时间[（7.2±1.1）d vs（ 9.0±2.4）d,t=5.36,P＜0.01]、住院费用[（1.75±0.31）万元 vs（1.96±0.26）万元,t=4.29,P＜0.01]及患者满意度[（94.34±13.42）分 vs（ 82.78±10.71）分,t=5.73,P＜0.01]均明显优于传统组,差异均具有统计学意义。结论 ERAS应用于老年患者LC联合LCDBE围手术期安全有效,可减轻患者应激反应,降低术后并发症发生率,加快术后康复,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度。     

胆总管探查内置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜胆总管探查放置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流的临床疗效,探讨胆总管一期缝合放置自行脱落J管引流的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月至2020年10月西安交通大学附属咸阳市中心医院肝胆外科156例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除联合胆总管探查患者的临床资料。按手术方式分为自行脱落J管组（n=80）和T管引流组（n=76）,比较两组患者基线资料、术中术后情况及并发症等。结果 两组手术总时间、术中出血量、术后并发症情况无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。自行脱落J管组较T管引流组术后下床活动时间[（18.2±7.2）h vs（22.1±8.3）h,t=3.139,P=0.002]、术后排气时间[（1.7±0.9）d vs（2.1±1.3）d,t=2.244,P=0.026]、补液总量[（5 634.1±432.8）mL vs（6 351.4±547.9）mL,t=13.56,P＜0.001]、拔管时间[（8.7±3.3）d vs（47.1±13.0）d,t=14.966,P＜0.001]、住院时间[（7.9±2.8）d vs（9.4±3.3）d,t=3.067,P=0.003]、住院总费用[（15 489.2±2 217.1）元 vs（18 136.4±2 251.3）元,t=7.398,P＜0.001]差异有统计学意义。结论 严格掌握手术适应证前提下,自行脱落J管引流扩大了胆总管一期缝合适应证,安全有效,相比T管引流具有加速康复、减少住院费用、缩短住院时间等优势。     

人均预期寿命差距的健康决定因素贡献度研究

目的:系统性分解健康决定因素不平等对人均预期寿命差距的贡献度,探索公共政策可干预的优先领域,提出缩小国家或地区间健康差距的政策建议.方法:利用1990—2017年跨国面板数据,在分组构建宏观健康生产方程和回归分析的基础上,利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解技术对高、低寿命国家组间差距进行分解,计算出各因素对寿命差距的贡献度.结果:总体人均预期寿命差距绝大部分(92.8%)可由健康决定因素不平等解释(可干预的资源型差异),不可解释部分(难以干预的结构型差异)仅占7.2%;在可解释部分,受教育程度贡献度最高(34.4%),其次是人均GDP(26.8%)和安全饮水覆盖率(26.2%),三者共占87.4%;在因素分类贡献度中,社会经济地位因素对于寿命差距贡献度最高(60.9%),医疗卫生体系因素贡献度为6.5%.结论:健康弱势国家应主动建立以健康为导向的资源可持续发展路径,必要时采取国家内部跨地区资源转移战略;明确健康发展的优先领域,兼顾跨领域资源统筹协调;加强发达国家对弱势国家资源发展的国际投资与援助,协作构建人类卫生健康共同体.     

海警人员核化生威胁防护装备发展策略研究

分析了国内海警部队执法时面临的核化生威胁的特点,总结了国内外核化生防护装备发展现状及在洗消、救治等方面的应用情况。针对目前海上核化生防护存在的问题,基于对我军现有核化生装备防护效能的评估,提出构建海警部队核化生防护装备体系及核化生威胁防护装备训练演练体系的发展策略,为海警部队核化生防护装备适应未来执勤任务提供参考。