国医大师王琦教授中医体质学理论在疼痛性疾病诊疗中的临床应用

慢性疼痛涉及临床各科的多种疾病，包括一些重大疾病和疑难疾病。中医体质学是中医学的新兴学科，其体质分类、体病相关思想以及“辨体论治”的诊疗方法已广泛应用到临床各科疾病的诊疗中。文章探讨了以中医体质学思想指导疼痛性疾病诊疗的若干理论问题，认为疼痛性疾病的发生与患者体质类型存在密切的关系。因此，在临床辨治疼痛性疾病时要考虑患者体质因素。所施方药不仅要符合病证特点，也要针对患者体质类型。并列举国医大师王琦教授辨体论治慢性前列腺炎盆腔疼痛综合征、偏头痛、过敏性头痛等疼痛性疾病的案例加以分析，以期为相关领域同仁提供参考。     

Cosmic Experiments: Remaking Materialism and Daoist Ethic “Outside of the Establishment”

ABSTRACT

In this article, I discuss recent experiments in ‘classical’ (gudian) Chinese medicine. As the marketization and privatization of health care deepens and enters uncharted territories in China, a cohort of young practitioners and entrepreneurs have begun their quest for the ‘primordial spirit’ of traditional Chinese medicine by setting up their own businesses where they engage in clinical, pedagogical, and entrepreneurial practices outside of state-run institutions. I argue that these explorations in classical Chinese medicine, which focus on classical texts and Daoist analytics, do not aim to restore spirituality to the scientized and secularized theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Nor are they symptomatic of withdrawals from the modern world. Rather, these ‘cosmic experiments’ need to be understood in relation to dialectical and historical materialisms as modes of knowledge production and political alliance. In challenging the status of materialist theory and the process of theorization in traditional Chinese medicine and postsocialist life more broadly speaking, advocates of classical Chinese medicine imagine nondialectical materialisms as immanent ways of thinking, doing, and being in the world.     

小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗疱疹性咽峡炎临床研究

目的:观察小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取79例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿,随机分为对照组39例和治疗组40例,对照组常规给予利巴韦林气雾剂治疗,治疗组使用小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合利巴韦林气雾剂治疗。比较2组患儿临床症状、体征消失时间,观察2组总体疗效及用药安全性。结果:与对照组比较,治疗后治疗组症状体征恢复时间均更短,总体疗效更优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿用药期间不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合利巴韦林气雾剂治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎,可缩短临床症状、体征消失的时间,增加总疗效率且不增加药物不良反应,比传统抗病毒治疗更加有效。     

基于中药质量标志物和传统用法的中药饮片标准汤剂传承发展研究思路与建议

中药汤剂(也称煎剂)是中医师最常用的中药复方剂型,也是中药历史上应用最久和最广的制剂。药材是饮片的原料,饮片是制备提取物、构成中医处方和中药制剂的原料,更体现了传承发展中药的重要性。基于中药饮片标准汤剂,科学认识汤剂质量,提高药典饮片和中成药质量评价研究理论和方法是科学发展的重要策略。开展以中医药理论为指导、临床应用为基础的中药饮片标准汤剂研究,基于中药质量标志物理论和研究方法探讨饮片和煎煮工艺的影响,形成标准汤剂的质量评价体系,既有利于确保中医处方用药的安全和疗效,也有利于认识标准汤剂在"药材-饮片-中成药"的质量及其标准的差异和价值,提升国家对中药饮片监管水平,保障人民用药安全和有效;还有利于认识标准汤剂在中药饮片生产、中药配方颗粒及经典名方的传承研发中的重要意义。     

Multidimensional Ultrasound Doppler Signal Analysis for Fetal Activity Monitoring

Fetal activity parameters such as movements, heart rate and the related parameters are essential indicators of fetal wellbeing, and no device provides simultaneous access to and sufficient estimation of all of these parameters to evaluate fetal health. This work was aimed at collecting these parameters to automatically separate healthy from compromised fetuses. To achieve this goal, we first developed a multi-sensor–multi-gate Doppler system. Then we recorded multidimensional Doppler signals and estimated the fetal activity parameters via dedicated signal processing techniques. Finally, we combined these parameters into four sets of parameters (or four hyper-parameters) to determine the set of parameters that is able to separate healthy from other fetuses. To validate our system, a data set consisting of two groups of fetal signals (normal and compromised) was established and provided by physicians. From the estimated parameters, an instantaneous Manning-like score, referred to as the ultrasonic score, was calculated and was used together with movements, heart rate and the associated parameters in a classification process employing the support vector machine method. We investigated the influence of the sets of parameters and evaluated the performance of the support vector machine using the computation of sensibility, specificity, percentage of support vectors and total classification error. The sensitivity of the four sets ranged from 79% to 100%. Specificity was 100% for all sets. The total classification error ranged from 0% to 20%. The percentage of support vectors ranged from 33% to 49%. Overall, the best results were obtained with the set of parameters consisting of fetal movement, short-term variability, long-term variability, deceleration and ultrasound score. The sensitivity, specificity, percentage of support vectors and total classification error of this set were respectively 100%, 100%, 35% and 0%. This indicated our ability to separate the data into two sets (normal fetuses and pathologic fetuses), and the results highlight the excellent match with the clinical classification performed by the physicians. This work indicates the feasibility of detecting compromised fetuses and also represents an interesting method of close fetal monitoring during the entire pregnancy.     

综合疗法治疗4~5期慢性肾脏病31例临床观察

目的:观察综合疗法治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)4~5期脾肾亏虚证的效果。方法:将CKD4~5期脾肾亏虚证患者62例随机分为2组,其中治疗组31例,对照组30例(剔除1例)。对照组予基础治疗合中药、骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3片治疗,治疗组予基础治疗合中药、骨化三醇及益肾泄浊汤保留灌肠治疗,观察时间为4周。比较2组血肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、尿素氮(BUN)、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(i PTH)及中医证候疗效。结果:中医证候总有效率治疗组为83.87%(26/31),对照组为73.33%(22/30),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组Scr、e GFR、BUN、血磷治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);2组血钙、i PTH、ALP治疗前后组内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),但治疗后组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:综合疗法治疗慢性肾脏病4~5期脾肾亏虚证效果确切,安全可靠。     

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.     

肾炎1号方联合西药治疗肾病综合征疗效及对患者凝血指标、免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨肾炎1号方联合西药治疗肾病综合征临床疗效及对患者凝血指标、免疫功能的影响。方法:选取肾病综合征患者共52例,分为对照组26例、治疗组26例。两组患者均予以基础治疗,对照组在基础治疗上给予泼尼松片治疗。治疗组在对照组基础上加用肾炎1号方治疗。结果:与对照组治疗后相比,治疗组治疗24 h后Upr、CHOL、TG、Scr、Fg、D-D均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后补体C₃升高明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组中医证候积分各项均低于对照组,治疗组总有效率88.46%高于对照组的76.92%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肾炎1号方联合西药治疗肾病综合征临床效果较好,能更有效地控制患者蛋白尿、升高血清白蛋白水平、降低血清胆固醇,并且能调节机体体液免疫紊乱、改善高凝状态。