针灸对结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复作用的系统评价

目的：系统评价针灸干预结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复的有效性。方法：检索国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）、中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库自建库至2021年5月关于针灸治疗对结直肠癌术后胃肠功能的恢复作用随机对照试验（RCT）,由2名研究者独立对纳入文献进行质量评价及信息提取,再采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：最终纳入18篇文献,其中中文文献17篇,英文文献1篇,包括1 523例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组对结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复的有效率更高,差异有统计学意义（RR=1.11,95%CI为1.02~1.21,P=0.02）;首次肛门排气时间更短,差异有统计学意义（SMD=-1.07,95%CI为-1.31~-0.83,P<0.000 01）;肠鸣音恢复时间更短,差异有统计学意义（MD=-8.40,95%CI为-10.23~-6.57,P<0.000 01）;首次肛门排便时间更短,差异有统计学意义（SMD=-1.06,95%CI为-1.32~-0.80,P<0.000 01）,经敏感性和亚组分析未发现异质性来源。结论：在结直肠癌患者术后应用针灸治疗,可以有效促进术后胃肠功能的恢复,但由于此次纳入文献的证据质量等级不高,异质性较大,未来需要临床大样本,多中心,高质量的RCT进行进一步验证。     

针灸对卵巢低反应患者妊娠结局和卵巢功能有效性的系统评价

目的:系统评价行体外受精-胚胎移植过程中针灸对卵巢低反应（POR）患者妊娠结局和卵巢功能有效性的疗效。方法:计算机检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、PubMed、Cochrane Library数据库,检索针灸治疗POR的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限为建库至2021年8月31日。采用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评价和数据分析,并进行GRADE证据质量评价。结果:共纳入8个RCT,包括537例患者。Meta分析结果显示：与体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)组比较,针灸+IVF-ET组可提高POR患者临床妊娠率（RR=1.58,95%CI为1.03～2.42,P=0.04）,增加获卵数（MD=1.16,95%CI为0.47～1.85,P=0.001）和窦卵泡数（MD=0.93,95%CI为0.06～1.8,P=0.04）,降低促卵泡素（FSH）水平（SMD=-0.29,95%CI为-0.50~-0.08,P=0.007）,但2组在提高受精率、优胚率、降低促黄体素（LH）水平、提高抗米勒管激素（AMH）水平、降低促性腺激素（Gn）用量上差异均无统计学意义。结论:现有证据表明,针灸可提高接受IVF-ET助孕的POR患者临床妊娠率,增加获卵数和窦卵泡数,降低POR患者的FSH水平。由于纳入研究数量较少且存在一定的偏倚风险,本研究结论后续仍需要高质量研究进行验证。     

血必净注射液联合利奈唑胺治疗重症肺炎有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的 评价血必净注射液联合利奈唑胺治疗重症肺炎的有效性与安全性。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库（Wanfang）、维普数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2022年6月,收集血必净注射液联合利奈唑胺治疗重症肺炎的随机对照试验,采用Review Manager 5.4.1对纳入文献进行质量评价、数据整合分析和偏倚风险评估;Stata14.0进行敏感性分析。结果 共纳入12项随机对照试验,涉及949例患者,观察组478例,对照组471例。Meta分析结果显示,观察组的临床总有效率[RR=1.24, 95%CI (1.18, 1.31), P<0.000 01]、细菌清除率[RR=1.38, 95%CI (1.22, 1.55), P<0.000 01]显著高于对照组。观察组的血常规恢复正常时间[MD=-1.38, 95%CI (-1.55,-1.20), P<0.000 01]、体温恢复正常时间[MD=-1.68, 95%C...     

超声骨刀与高速磨钻应用于颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的 :通过Meta分析评价应用超声骨刀(ultrasonic bone curette,UBC)与高速磨钻(high-speed drill,HSD)在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术(cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty,CEOL)中的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、万方数据库(Wanfang Data)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),搜集关于比较应用超声骨刀和高速磨钻在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中有效性及安全性的临床对照研究,检索时限为建库至2021年3月。2名研究人员分别筛选文献、提取数据并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Cochrane Library提供的Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入8个临床研究,包括4个随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)和4个队列研究(cohort study,CS),共计631例患者,其中超声骨刀组314例,高速磨钻组317例。Meta分析结果显示,两组间术前、术后早期及末次随访时JOA评分、VAS评分、手术相关总并发症发生率、术后轴性症状和C5神经根麻痹发生率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。然而,与高速磨钻组相比,超声骨刀组手术时间[均数差(mean difference,MD)=-24.78,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)为(-36.80,-12.76),P0.0001]、术中出血量[MD=-69.94,95%CI为(-115.40,-24.47),P=0.003]、术后引流量[MD=-53.21,95%CI为(-86.95,-19.46),P=0.002]、硬脊膜撕裂发生率[优势比(odds ratio,OR)=0.30,95%CI为(0.09,0.95),P=0.04]和脑脊液漏发生率[OR=0.30,95%CI为(0.09,0.95),P=0.04]均明显低于高速磨钻组。结论:在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用超声骨刀安全有效,可以节约手术时间、减少术中出血量和术后引流量、降低硬脊膜撕裂和脑脊液漏的风险。     

LCBDE+LC与ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的网状Meta分析

目的 近年来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）普遍应用于胆系结石的治疗,本Meta分析比较了三种治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的手术方式的疗效及安全性,即LCBDE+LC、术前ERCP（PreERCP）+LC、术中ERCP（IntraERCP）+LC。方法 计算机检索Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,查找1990—2019年关于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的随机对照试验（RCT）研究。按照纳入与排除标准,选择文献、评价质量、提取数据,采用Stata软件进行网状Meta分析。计算累积排序概率曲线下面积（SUCRA）,用于预测各手术方式的有效性及安全性,主要结局指标为结石清除率,病死率,胰腺炎、胆漏、出血,以及中转开腹率。结果 共有19篇RCT研究纳入分析,共计2 627例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示：（1）结石清除率：IntraERCP+LC优于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）病死率：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）胰腺炎：PreERCP+LC的发生率高于LCBDE+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（4）出血：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（5）胆漏：LCBDE+LC的发生率高于PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（6）中转开腹率：PreERCP+LC与IntraERCP+LC、LCBDE+LC与IntraERCP+LC之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而LCBDE+LC发生率高于PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三种手术方式均可用于治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,其中IntraERCP+LC的结石清除率最高,LCBDE+LC的胆漏风险较大,而PreERCP+LC的胰腺炎风险最高。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊癌根治术治疗早期胆囊癌疗效的Meta分析

目的:比较早期胆囊癌行腹腔镜与开腹胆囊癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索英文及中文数据库关于腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期胆囊癌的对照研究,检索截止时间为2019年12月。对纳入的文献进行质量评价与数据提取后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8项研究、462例患者,其中腹腔镜组214例,开腹组248例。Meta分析结果显示,与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量少(WMD=-113.44,95%CI=-163.58~-63.30,P<0.00001),并发症发生率低(OR=0.51,95%CI=0.27~0.96,P=0.04)、术后住院时间短(WMD=-5.03,95%CI=-6.61~-3.46,P<0.00001)、术后局部复发率低(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.20~0.87,P=0.02),两组手术时间(WMD=-22.39,95%CI=-52.02~7.24,P=0.14)、淋巴结清扫数量(WMD=-0.86,95%CI=-2.34~0.62,P=0.25)差异无统计学意义。结论:相较开腹胆囊癌根治术,腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术治疗早期胆囊癌是安全、可行的,在减少术中出血、缩短术后住院时间、降低术后并发症发生率与术后局部复发率等方面具有优势。     

Systematic review of outcomes and meta-analysis of risk factors for prognosis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis

Long-term overall survival (OS) after liver resection for non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (NCHCC) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to review outcomes systematically and analyze risk factors for survival after surgical resection for HCC without cirrhosis. A literature search was performed of the PubMed and Embase databases for papers published between January 1995 and October 2012, which focused on hepatic resection for HCC without underlying cirrhosis. Cochrane systematic review methodology was used for this review. Outcomes were OS, operative mortality and disease-free survival (DFS). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the random effects model for parameters considered as potential prognostic factors. Totally, 26 retrospective case series were eligible for inclusion. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rate after surgical resection of NCHCC ranged from 62% to 100%, 46.3%–78.0%, and 30%–64%, respectively. The corresponding DFS rates ranged from 48.7% to 84%, 31.0%–66.0%, and 24.0%–58.0%, respectively. Five variables were related to poor survival: multiple tumors (HR 1.68, 95%CI 1.25–2.11); larger tumor size (HR 2.66, 95%CI 1.69–3.63); non-clear resection margin (R0 resection) (HR 3.52, 95%CI 1.63–5.42); poor tumor stage (HR 2.61, 95%CI 1.64–3.58); and invasion of the lymphatic vessels (HR 4.85, 95%CI 2.67–7.02). In sum, hepatic resection provides excellent OS rates for patients with NCHCC, and results have tended to improve recently. Risk factors for poor prognosis comprise multiple tumors, lager tumor size, non-R0 resection and invasion of the lymphatic vessels.     

Comparison of extreme lateral approach with posterior approach in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: A meta-analysis of clinical and imaging findings

ObjectiveTo compare clinical and imaging findings between extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) and posterior fusion (PF) via meta-analysis for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases.MethodsEnglish papers reporting clinical and imaging findings for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with XLIF and PF published electronically in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from January 2006 to August 2019 were retrieved. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Meta-analysis of outcome measures was performed using Stata 14 and RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 744 patients from nine studies, two of which were prospective studies, while the others were retrospective studies. The quality of each study was determined to be high. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences in the operative time, length of hospital stay, clinical effectiveness, and improvement in postoperative global sagittal alignment between two approaches (P > 0.05). However, XLIF was significantly better than PF in reducing intraoperative blood loss and recovery of local sagittal alignment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high incidence of postoperative complications were detected in XLIF group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth surgical approaches have equally promising clinical effectiveness for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Although XLIF can reduce intraoperative blood loss and obtain better postoperative local sagittal alignment than PF, the high incidence of postoperative complications should prompt us to consider why XLIF procedure is still being offered to our patients and how we can reduce these complications. In addition, any conclusions should be taken with caution because of the mix of prospective and retrospective studies, and the high heterogeneity and bias.     

乳腺癌术后不同乳房再造方法并发症的Meta分析

目的评估乳房重建术式与术后并发症的关系。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Medline、Cochrance、WangFang、CNKI、万方及维普数据库,检索1990年1月至2017年11月已发表的应用横行腹直肌肌皮瓣、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣联合假体、单纯假体置入5种常用的乳房重建术式术后并发症的中英文文献,采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果纳入研究文献29篇。横行腹直肌肌皮瓣法术后出现皮瓣局部坏死、血清肿、感染、脂肪液化、腹壁疝及供区腹壁膨隆并发症高于腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。横行腹直肌肌皮瓣法出现术后皮瓣全部坏死、伤口裂开、感染并发症高于背阔肌肌皮瓣法,其出现术后血清肿低于背阔肌肌皮瓣法,结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。背阔肌肌皮瓣+假体置入法出现术后血清肿高于单纯假体置入法,其在术后假体包膜挛缩、假体移位要低于单纯假体置入法,结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣具有横行腹直肌肌皮瓣的优点,并发症少。临床上应根据患者自身情况选择并发症较低的乳房重建术。