银翘合剂提取工艺研究

目的研究银翘合剂提取工艺。方法以浸膏得率和绿原酸提取率作为指标,采用正交实验法,对加水量、提取次数、提取时间进行考察;以挥发油提取率为指标,分别考察了荆芥穗,薄荷,连翘挥发油提取所需时间,并进行验证。结果加6倍量水,提取3次,40min/次提取效果最佳。结论该工艺可作为银翘合剂提取工艺。     

咽痛灵合剂的薄层色谱鉴别方法研究

目的鉴别咽痛灵合剂中的一枝黄花、土牛膝。方法采用薄层色谱法。结果建立简便、灵敏、可靠的薄层色谱(TLC)法。结论可用于该品质量控制。     

Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂) in Treating Hemophilia

Objective: To observe the effect of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂, XYM) on blood coagulation factors and its safety in treating hemophilia. Methods: To the randomly selected 65 inpatients of hemophilia, XYM was administered accompanied with intravenous dripping of liver cell growth factor 60-100 mg once a day to protect the liver, with no blood products like concentrated Ⅷ and FⅨ factors or blood plasma given. The treatment lasted for 3 weeks. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. The long-term efficacy in patients was observed in a follow-up study of 6-12 months after they were discharged from the hospital but continuously took XYM orally. Results: The short-term markedly effective rate in the patients was 95.38% (62/65). After they were treated for 3 weeks, the level of FⅧ factor activity increased in 56 patients of type A from (3.32 ± 2.21) % to (4.18 ± 2.23) %, and in 9 of type B from (4.92 ± 1.81) % to (5.64 ± 1.96) %. Compared with that before treatment, the difference was significant in both of them (P＜0.01). No obvious adverse reaction was found in the treatment period.The follow-up study showed that in 22 patients of type A, the FⅧ factor activity ratio increased from (3.25±2.11) % to (6.31 ±2.16) %, (8.36±1.05) %, and (16.38±2.71) % in the 2nd, 3rd and 6th month after discharge respectively, all showing significant difference to that before treatment (P＜0.01); and in 4 patients of type B, it increased from (4.15 ± 2.26) % to 7.8% and 11.6% (mean value) in the 2nd and 6th month respectively. Conclusion: XYM could raise the activity of factors Ⅷ and Ⅸ in patients with hemophilia, and the degree of the rise is related with the duration of the therapy, with no obvious adverse reaction, which strikes out a new path and new train of thinking for the treatment of the disease by nonblood preparation.     

安适合剂4号对小鼠中枢神经系统影响

安适合剂４号由夜交藤、柏子仁、酸枣仁、麦冬、朱砂等组成。临床上与氯丙嗪合用于抗精神病,能产生协同作用,且使后者用量及副作用减少。药理实验表明,安适合剂４号能使小鼠自主活动次数减少;对硝酸士的宁所致小鼠惊厥有抗惊厥作用;对戊巴比妥所致小鼠睡眠,能使翻正反射消失时间缩短,睡眠时间延长,且与剂量成正比例。     

Estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching models using bridge sampling techniques

Summary This paper discusses the problem of estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching model. Estimation is based on the method of bridge sampling ( Meng and Wong 1996 ; Statistica Sinica11, 552–86.) where Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) draws from the posterior density are combined with an i.i.d. sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC draws using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust. Our case studies range from computing marginal likelihoods for a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model.     

炙甘草合剂中甘草酸含量测定

目的：控制炙甘草合剂的质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定甘草酸的含量。结果：分离度好，含量测定线性范围0．23-1．85μg（r=0．9999），平均回收率96．6％，相对标准差（RSD）0．17％（n=6）。结论：方法简便、准确、重现性好。     

A model for learning to segment temporal sequences, utilizing a mixture of RNN experts together with adaptive variance

This paper proposes a novel learning method for a mixture of recurrent neural network (RNN) experts model, which can acquire the ability to generate desired sequences by dynamically switching between experts. Our method is based on maximum likelihood estimation, using a gradient descent algorithm. This approach is similar to that used in conventional methods; however, we modify the likelihood function by adding a mechanism to alter the variance for each expert. The proposed method is demonstrated to successfully learn Markov chain switching among a set of 9 Lissajous curves, for which the conventional method fails. The learning performance, analyzed in terms of the generalization capability, of the proposed method is also shown to be superior to that of the conventional method. With the addition of a gating network, the proposed method is successfully applied to the learning of sensory–motor flows for a small humanoid robot as a realistic problem of time series prediction and generation.     

Socioeconomic inequalities in health dynamics: A comparison of Britain and the United States

Drawing on theory and research on the fundamental causes of health, the life course, and the welfare state, we investigate social inequalities in dynamic self-rated health for working-aged Britons and Americans. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1990–2004) and a mixture latent Markov model to test a theoretical model of health as a discrete state that may remain stable or change over time. Our contributions are threefold. First, our finding of three distinctive types of health processes (stable good health, stable poor health, and a “mover” health trajectory) represents a more differentiated profile of long-term health than previously shown. Second, we characterize health trajectories in structural terms by suggesting who was more likely to experience what type of health trajectory. Third, our more differentiated picture of dynamic health leads to a more nuanced understanding of comparative health: Although the health advantage of Britons was confirmed, our results also indicate that they were more likely to experience health change. Moreover, the socioeconomic gradient in long-term health was steeper in the US, raising provocative questions about how state policies and practices may affect population health.     

凉血散瘀合剂微生物限度检查方法的研究

目的建立凉血散瘀合剂的微生物限度检查方法。方法采用接种阳性对照菌回收率试验测定其是否含抑菌成分。结果凉血散瘀合剂五种阳性试验菌的回收率试验结果均高于70%,表明在该实验条件下无抑菌现象。结论凉血散瘀合剂可按常规方法进行微生物限度检查。     

胰胆合剂灌肠治疗急性水肿性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的：观察胰胆合剂对急性水肿性胰腺炎的临床治疗作用。方法：将８１例急性水肿性胰腺炎患者随机分成治疗组４１例和对照组４０例，治疗组采用中药胰胆合剂灌肠治疗，对照组采用西医综合治疗。结果：（１）治疗组与对照组显效率分别为８７．８％和７０．０％，２组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）治疗组在疼痛缓解时间〔（９．５３±３．４８）小时〕、疼痛消失时间〔（１６．８０±１０．４４）小时〕、发热消退时间〔（２．１８±１．１３）日〕及尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间〔（２．３３±１．２５）日〕等方面均明显优于对照组〔分别为（１５．９０±６．１２）小时、（３４．０６±１３．１８）小时、（３．４２±１．４２）日和（４．２６±１．６０）日，Ｐ均＜０．００１〕。结论：中药胰胆合剂灌肠治疗急性水肿性胰腺炎在尽快解除患者痛苦、缩短疗程、促进康复等方面有着一定的价值。