交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚对大鼠不同器官细胞DNA损伤的器官亲和性研究

用污染食管癌高发现场粮食的优势菌互隔交链孢霉(Alternaria alternata)的主要毒素交链孢酚(AOH)和交链孢酚单甲醚(AME),诱发大鼠不同器官细胞的程序外DNA合成(UDS)。结果表明,AOH及AME在最高有效浓度时,诱发肝细胞掺入指数分别为0.45及0.55;诱发食管上皮细胞掺入指数分别为2.32和1.75;诱发肺细胞掺入指数分别为1.7和1.05;该结果提示,AOH及AME对食管上皮细胞具有显著的器官亲和性,大鼠食管可能为AOH及AME的重要靶器官之一。     

互隔交链孢霉提取物对人羊膜FL细胞周期影响的研究

本文应用流式细胞光度术(F C M)研究了从食管癌高发区粮食中分离的互隔交链(?)霉提取物对人羊膜 F L 细胞周期的影响。实验结果表明:提取物对指数生长的 F L 细胞的生长育抑制作用并有剂效关系。它能使细胞从 S→G_2的进行受阻,因而 S 期细胞在细胞周期中出现堆积。对细胞的有丝分裂也有一定干扰作用、但不能阻断细胞周期的进行。提取物处理后的细胞,DNA 含量大于4C 的细胞明显增多。这些高倍体细胞多数为非整倍体细胞。     

分离互隔交链孢霉毒素最佳柱层析条件探讨

用薄层层析法对互隔交链孢霉粗提物进行了分析,了解其组成情况及各成分极性大小,然后用小型色谱法进行预试,选择到硅胶柱层析最佳洗脱系统,并为洗脱过程中监测分离效果和外环境中毒素的检测找到了简单可靠的方法。     

IL‐33 delivery induces serous cavity macrophage proliferation independent of interleukin‐4 receptor alpha

IL‐33 plays an important role in the initiation of type‐2 immune responses, as well as the enhancement of type 2 effector functions. Engagement of the IL‐33 receptor on macrophages facilitates polarization to an alternative activation state by amplifying IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling to IL‐4Rα. IL‐4 and IL‐13 also induce macrophage proliferation but IL‐33 involvement in this process has not been rigorously evaluated. As expected, in vivo delivery of IL‐33 induced IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative macrophage activation in the serous cavities. IL‐33 delivery also induced macrophages to proliferate but, unexpectedly, this was independent of IL‐4Rα signaling. In a filarial nematode infection model in which IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative activation and proliferation in the pleural cavity is well described, IL‐33R was essential for alternative activation but not macrophage proliferation. Similarly, during Alternaria alternata induced airway inflammation, which provokes strong IL‐33 responses, we observed that both IL‐4Rα and IL‐33R were required for alternative activation, while macrophage proliferation in the pleural cavity was still evident in the absence of either receptor alone. Our data show that IL‐33R and IL‐4Rα promote macrophage proliferation independently of each other, but both are essential for induction of alternative activation.     

Tricycloalternarene derivatives produced by an endophyte alternaria alternata isolated from Maytenus hookeri

A new tricycloalternarene derivative, named tricycloalternarenal (1), together with three known compounds was isolated from the cultures of Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus in the leaves of the plant Maytenus hooker! (Celastraceae). Structure of 1 was established as (2E)-6-(3, 3a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9a-octahydro-5-hydroxy-3a-methyl-8-oxo-cyclo-penta[b]chromen-1-yl)-2-methylhept-2-enal by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR experiments. The remaining compounds were determined as tricycloalternarene-3b (2), alterperylenol (3), and dihydroalterperylenol (4).     

One pair of new cyclopentaisochromenone enantiomer from Alternaria sp. TNXY-P-1 and their cytotoxic activity

One pair of new cyclopentaisochromenone derivatives, (+)-(S)-6-hydroxy-1,8-dimethoxy-3a-methyl-3,3a-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-2,5-dione (1a) and (-)-(R)-6-hydroxy-1,8-dimethoxy-3a-methyl-3,3a-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-2,5-dione (1b), together with seven known analog 2?8, were isolated from a rice solid culture of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. TNXY-P-1, obtained from fresh leaf of Arisaema heterophyllum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS analysis. Among them, compounds 1a and 1b were enantiomers separated from 1 by chiral HPLC. The absolute configurations of 1a and 1b were assigned by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroic spectra. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities. Interestingly, enantiomers (+)-1a and (?)-1b showed distinct selective antitumor activities against HL-60 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of >200, 75.3 μM, respectively.     

江苏省内小麦粉中4种交链孢毒素污染情况调查

目的通过对2016年江苏省内流通环节小麦粉的检测分析,了解江苏省内小麦粉的交链孢毒素污染状况。方法江苏省12个地区随机抽样方法,采集105份小麦粉,样品经超声提取,过HLB固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定4种交链孢毒素含量及污染水平。结果 12个地区105份小麦粉样品的4种交链孢毒素均有检出,其中交链孢酚单甲醚(Te A)、交链孢酚(AOH)、腾毒素(TEN)检出率均为100%,Te A的污染水平为5.9~173.5μg/kg(平均值为56.1μg/kg);AOH的污染水平为1.4~4.7μg/kg(平均值为2.0μg/kg);TEN的污染水平为1.4~15.5μg/kg,(平均值为6.7μg/kg);交链孢酚单甲醚(AME)检出率为88%,污染水平为0.2~8.2μg/kg(平均值为1.2μg/kg)。结论江苏省内流通环节小麦粉的交链孢毒素污染均存在,但污染水平与文献报道相比处于较低水平。     

Antifungal effect of ophthalmic preservatives phenylmercuric nitrate and benzalkonium chloride on ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi

In the present study, the antifungal effects of phenylmercuric nitrate and benzalkonium chloride versus those of natamycin and ketoconazole were assessed against 216 filamentous fungi isolates from cases of fungal keratitis. They included 112 Fusarium isolates, 94 Aspergillus isolates, and 10 Alternaria alternata isolates. The strains were tested by broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A document. The results showed that the MIC₅₀ values of phenylmercuric nitrate were 0.0156, 0.0156, and 0.0313 μg/mL for Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and A. alternata, respectively. The MIC₉₀ values of phenylmercuric nitrate were 0.0313, 0.0313, and 0.0313 μg/mL for Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and A. alternata, respectively. The MIC₅₀ values of benzalkonium chloride were 16, 32, and 8 μg/mL for Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and A. alternata, respectively. The MIC₉₀ values of benzalkonium chloride were 32, 32, and 16 μg/mL for Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and A. alternata, respectively. The study indicates that phenylmercuric nitrate has considerable antifungal activity and its effect is significantly superior to those of benzalkonium chloride, natamycin, and ketoconazole against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi in vitro, deserving further investigation for treating fungal keratitis as a main drug.     

皮肤链格孢霉病1例

报告1例皮肤链格孢毒病。患者女，27岁，右颊部出现浸润性班块，其中央形成溃疡8年，真菌学检查及扫描电镜观察，鉴定为交链链格孢，组织病理检查示：溃疡边缘伴有大量多核巨细胞肉芽肿；寄生形态苏木精—伊红染色表现为空泡样结构，棕色分隔菌丝或棕色孢子，PAS染色见大型圆形孢子和粗细不一的分隔菌丝，患者接受伊曲康唑200mg/d口服治疗，第9周溃疡结痂，愈合，复查组织病理仍见肉芽肿及真菌成分，分离培养未阴转。