Effect of litter quality on foot pad dermatitis,hock burns and breast blisters in broiler breeders during the production period

Foot pad dermatitis and hock burn lesions are a form of contact dermatitis, a condition affecting skin areas in contact with unsuitable or irritating material. Contact dermatitis is a common problem, reducing the welfare of broilers, and is believed to also affect broiler breeders. However, there is very little research on contact dermatitis in breeders. This study followed the severity of foot pad lesions in broiler breeders throughout the production period. At slaughter the presence of hock burns and breast blisters was also determined. In addition, changes in litter condition over time and the impact of litter quality on foot pads were evaluated. The study was performed on 10 broiler breeder farms, including altogether 18 flocks. Foot pads of 100 hens per flock were assessed at the end of rearing period, three times during the production period, and at slaughter. Foot pad and hock lesions, as well as litter condition were scored on a 5-point scale. Litter quality was evaluated as pH, moisture and ammonia content. The condition of foot pads deteriorated towards slaughter age, with the occurrence of severe lesions reaching a maximum of 64% on average at slaughter. Hock lesions and breast blisters were rare. The litter layer became drier over time. Although poorer litter condition and wetness influenced foot pad health negatively, the effect on severe lesions was not significant. We also observed a negative effect on foot pad condition of larger slat areas. In conclusion, maintaining good litter quality alone is not enough to ensure healthy foot pads in broiler breeders.     

Factors associated to repeated influenza vaccination in the Portuguese adults with chronic conditions

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to people with chronic conditions. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of chronically ill adults vaccinated against influenza in consecutive seasons and to identify associated factors.We used data from the first National Health Examination Survey (INSEF), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 on a probabilistic sample of individuals aged 25–74 years. The population was restricted to individuals who self-reported diabetes, a respiratory, cardiovascular, liver or kidney disease. Self-reported vaccination in 4 consecutive seasons was categorized in 3 levels: unvaccinated, occasionally (vaccinated 1–3 seasons) and repeatedly vaccinated (in all 4 seasons). A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate odds-ratio (OR) of influenza vaccination according to sociodemographic factors, chronic condition, health care use and status.In the target population, the 2014/15 influenza vaccine coverage was 33.8% (95% CI: 29.8–38.1). The higher coverage was found in individuals reporting renal disease (66.7%) and diabetes (43.8%). The coverage decreased to 32.6%, 26.0% and 20.8% for individuals with respiratory, cardiovascular and liver diseases, respectively. The probability of being repeatedly vaccinated, compared to unvaccinated, was higher in males (OR = 2.14: 95% CI: 1.31–3.52); aged 65 and 74 (OR = 4.39; 95% CI: 1.99–9.69); whom had an appointment with a general practitioner (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.00–7.66) or other physician (OR = 3.95: 95% CI: 2.53–6.16); with no smoking habits (OR = 1.58; 95% I: 1.02–2.46) and reporting diabetes (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02–4.45). Finally, having a self-reported cardiovascular condition decreased the likelihood of being occasionally (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.22–0.65) vaccinated against influenza.Younger individuals, females and the ones with a self-reported cardiovascular condition were identified as more likely of non-compliance to the vaccine uptake recommendation. Future vaccination strategies should focus on the previous identified population subgroups. Also, the medical recommendation of the influenza vaccine uptake should continue and be reinforced particularly in individuals with a cardiovascular condition.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Growth of the hip jo Int: A Radiological Study

Growth of the hip joint is described on the basis of annual radiographs taken of the intact hip joints of 50 boys aged between 5–15 years. the ossification centre of the femoral head grows at a faster rate in breadth than in height. the growth rate in breadth of the bony centrum exceeds also that of the proximal metaphysis and, accordingly, in the case of normal ossification, the radio-anatomical condition of these two parts is characteristic of the age of the individual. the osseous acetabulum also grows at a faster rate in breadth than in depth. in the period studied up until the 15th year the width of the “articular space” gradually decreases. the ossification rate in the age group examined manifests—with slower and faster periods—a gradually declining tendency. the changes revealed by the radiographs have been interpreted from the viewpoint of bone development and an analysis is also given of the spatial conditions of ossification.     

人芽囊原虫在不同培养基中生长状况的观察

目的筛选培养人芽囊原虫的最适培养基。方法将同一株人芽囊原虫阳性粪便标本以2×105细胞/管接种至RPMI1640、199和LES培养基中,加入20%小牛血清及青、链霉素,pH值为7.5,放置厌氧罐中于37℃恒温培养,每24h计数,每6d转种1次。观察人芽囊原虫在3种培养基中的存活时间、虫体密度和虫体形态。结果人芽囊原虫在RPMI1640培养基中存活时间最长、虫体密度最高,虫体以空泡型多见;在LES培养基中存活时间最短、虫体密度最低,但虫体形态清晰、规则;在199培养基中存活时间和虫体密度均介于前两者之间。结论RPMI1640培养基适宜人芽囊原虫的生长繁殖,为人芽囊原虫体外培养的首选培养基;LES培养基中虫体形态清晰、规则,可用于人芽囊原虫的形态学研究;199培养基也可用于人芽囊原虫的体外培养,但不作为首选。     

延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控情况及心理状况的影响

目的 探讨延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控能力和心理状况的影响.方法 选择消化性溃疡患者94例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组48例和对照组46例,试验组采用延续护理随访模式,对照组实施常规出院指导,比较两组患者入院时及出院后6个月患者自我监控疾病情况及心理状况,出院后6个月分别记录患者溃疡愈合情况及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性发生率.结果 出院后6个月试验组患者自我监控各项指标较对照组明显提高x2=10.788,复发率较对照组减少;患者抑郁、焦虑情绪较对照组明显改善,t=-4.313、-6.929;试验组患者消化性溃疡愈合及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性率较对照组Z=-2.066、-2.108.结论 延续护理有利于提高消化性溃疡出院患者自我监控能力,同时改善患者的心理状况.     

均匀设计优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件

目的:优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件。方法:采用均匀设计,以绿原酸得率,栀子苷得率,总酚酸得率和干浸膏收率为指标进行综合评价,优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件。结果:优选的三煎用水pH依次为A=2.89,B=6.50,C=8.43;煎煮总时间D=2.0 h。结论:结合生产实际,确定3煎用水的pH依次为3.0,6.5,8.5;煎煮时间依次为1.0,0.5,0.5 h。     

自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表的信度与效度检验

目的编制军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表,检验其信度与效度,为更好地了解军事应激环境下执行特殊任务官兵的心理健康状况提供较为科学的工具。方法随机抽取经常执行特殊军事任务的官兵568人,分为A组(n=217)、B组(n=351),用自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表分别对2组进行测试,用A组数据对其进行探索性因素分析,用B组数据进行信度分析和验证性因素分析。结果此量表包括3个分量表:自我认知、应对方式、压力反应,其因素负荷分别为0.39~0.85、0.40~0.76、0.45~0.94,方差解释率均大于40.0%;信度分析结果显示,自我认知、应对方式、压力反应内部一致性系数分别为0.79~0.93、为0.83~0.86、0.91~0.94,分半信度系数分别为0.75~0.88、0.79~0.84、0.82~0.91;验证性因素分析结果表明,3个分量表的拟合程度较高,拟合指标的χ2值与自由度df的比值均介于2~3之间,近似误差均方根MSREA均0.08,拟合结果可以接受,说明该量表的结构效度较好。结论自编的军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表有良好的信度和效度,可在特殊任务部队推广使用。     

显微镜辅助经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的疗效及安全性评价

目的:研究显微镜辅助下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析垂体瘤患者病历资料,并根据手术方式不同分为接受显微镜辅助下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的观察组和给予经口唇下-鼻中隔-蝶窦垂体瘤切除术的对照组,观察两组患者的术中应激程度、疗效相关指标以及并发症情况,并与已有研究进行比较。结果:1观察组患者的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、肾素以及血管紧张素Ⅱ水平均以及手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间低于对照组,激素水平恢复正常例数、改善例数均明显增多,并发症例数少于对照组;2与已有研究相比,观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间以及激素水平恢复正常例数、改善例数、术后并发症例数的差异均无统计学意义。结论:显微镜辅助下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术有助于减小手术创伤、缓解应激状态,并且能够取得与神经内镜手术相当的手术疗效。