2型糖尿病患者心率变异与视网膜病变关系的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病心率变异性(HRV)各指数的变化,研究其与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变的关系.方法 190例确诊为2型糖尿病的住院患者,完全随机分为糖尿病无视网膜病变组(78例)、单纯型视网膜病变组(62例)、增殖型视网膜病变组(50例),3组患者用24h动态心电图测定HRV中SDNN(总体标准差)、SDANN(均值标准差)、SDNN指数(标准差平均值)、RMSSD(差值均方的平方根)、PNN50(爱丁堡指数)、LF/HF(低频与高频比),并进行比较.结果 糖尿病无视网膜病变组SDNN为(125±30),SDANN为( 114±27),SDNN指数为(49±9),RMSSD为(30±9),PNN50为(6±4),LF/HF为(2.7±1.7);单纯型视网膜病变组分别为(112±26)、(103±24)、(44±11)、(24±13)、(4±4)、(2.7±1.6);增殖型视网膜病变组分别为(92±22)、(82±22)、(33±9)、(19±10)、(2±3)、(2.6±1.7).有视网膜病变组HRV各指数除LF/HF外均低于无视网膜病变组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);增殖型视网膜病变组HRV各指数除LF/HF外均低于单纯型视网膜病变组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变者心率变异指数下降.     

青年糖尿病患者血糖波动与靶器官损害的相关性分析

目的探讨青年糖尿病患者血糖波动及心率变异性与亚临床靶器官损害的相关性。方法选取107例青年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按是否左室肥厚分为肥厚组和非肥厚组;按颈动脉内中膜是否增厚分为增厚组和非增厚组;按24h尿蛋白定量分析结果分为微量蛋白尿阳性组和阴性组,比较各组间的平均血糖标准差（SDBG）及心率变异性（HRV）指标的差异。结果①与非肥厚组比较,肥厚组的SDBG、LF、HF、SDNN、pNN50指标差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;②与非增厚组比较,增厚组的上述指标有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;③与阴性组比较,阳性组的上述指标有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论青年糖尿病患者的血糖波动及HRV与心室肥厚、颈动脉内膜,微量蛋白尿有关联性。     

帕罗西汀对青年广泛性焦虑心率变异性的影响

目的探讨帕罗西汀对青年广泛性焦虑（GAD）患者心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法选取80例GAD患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,两组患者均进行心理治疗,研究组在心理治疗基础上联合帕罗西汀20 mg/d治疗。分别于入组时、治疗4周后使用24 h动态心电图仪测定HRV,并进行汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分。结果治疗后研究组及对照组HRV时域、频域指标均较治疗前升高（P〈0.05）,研究组较对照组升高更明显（P〈0.05）;两组治疗后HAMA总分均较治疗前下降（P〈0.05）,研究组较对照组下降更明显（P〈0.05）。结论帕罗西汀能提高广泛性焦虑患者副交感神经的活动,同时降低交感神经的活动,改善交感-迷走均衡性。     

帕罗西汀治疗对广泛性焦虑昼夜心率变异性的影响

目的探讨帕罗西汀治疗后广泛性焦虑患者心率变异性昼夜节律变化。方法 43例广泛性焦虑患者接受盐酸帕罗西汀治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗后进行24h动态心电图监测及心率变异性分析。结果治疗前日间与夜间SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50比较,差异无统计学意义。治疗后日间与夜间比较,四个参数比较差异有统计学意义。结论帕罗西汀可以改善广泛性焦虑患者自主神经的昼夜节律性。     

广泛性焦虑患者治疗前后心率变异性对比研究

目的探讨广泛性焦虑(GAD)患者治疗前后自主神经系统的变化特点。方法选取80例GAD患者为研究组,40例健康成人为对照组,进行24hHRV时域和频域指标测定,并运用统计学软件进行分析比较。结果 GAD患者治疗前与正常对照组及治疗后比较,各项指标均存在差异(P<0.05),尤其rMSSD、PNN50、SDNN存在显著统计学意义(P<0.01);GAD患者治疗前组白天和夜间HRV各项指标无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 GAD患者以迷走神经张力下降,交感神经张力相对亢进为主,HRV指标可作为监测GAD患者自主神经功能的一项量化评估指标。     

Cardiovascular autonomic responsiveness in postmenopausal women with and without hot flushes

Objectives

During menopausal transition autonomic balance is known to shift towards sympathetic dominance, but the role of vasomotor hot flushes in this phenomenon is not understood. We compared cardiovascular autonomic responsiveness between women with and without hot flushes.

Study design and main outcome measures

One hundred fifty recently postmenopausal healthy women with varying degree of hot flushes (none, mild, moderate, severe) underwent comprehensive cardiovascular autonomic nervous testing (controlled and deep breathing, active orthostatic test, Valsalva manoeuvre and handgrip test) assessing both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The responses of heart rate, heart rate variability and blood pressure in these tests were evaluated.

Results

Responses in heart rate showed differences between the study groups only in the Valsalva manoeuvre where the tachycardia ratio in all symptomatic women was lower (p = 0.041) than in women without hot flushes. Neither change in the heart rate variability analyses nor the blood pressure responses were affected by hot flush status. However, there was a non-significantly higher maximum systolic (140 (112–182) mmHg vs. 135 (102–208) mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (94 (72–112) mmHg vs. 90 (66–122) mmHg) following the handgrip test in women without hot flushes vs. all the symptomatic women.

Conclusions

Menopausal hot flushes seem to be associated with a possibly increased sympathetic preponderance without an effect on parasympathetic activity in cardiovascular autonomic responses. This may imply a potentially negative impact on cardiovascular health in women experiencing hot flushes.     

Psychophysiological responses to idiosyncratic stress in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

This study examined psychophysiological stress responses to idiosyncratically relevant stress in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), in relation to autonomic cardiac control and nutritional status. A total of 81 women with BN, BED and healthy controls (HC) took part in an in sensu exposure to idiosyncratic stress. Psychological and peripheral physiological parameters were measured, and tonic heart rate variability, nutritional status, and types of stress were determined. In response to stress exposure, both eating disordered groups showed a stronger reactivity of sadness, and the BED group showed a stronger reactivity of insecurity than the HC group. Desire to binge was increased in the context of interpersonal stress. Stress exposure led to increased cardiovascular activity and reduced electrodermal activity that did not differ by group. The BN-specific symptomatology moderated the association between autonomic cardiac control and psychophysiological stress responses. The results suggest common and specific psychophysiological processes in symptom maintenance through life stress in BN and BED.     

Interobserver variability in the detection of cerebral venous thrombosis using CT venography with matched mask bone elimination

Objectives

Computed tomography venography (CTV) has proven to be a reliable imaging method in the evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis with good correlation to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). It is fast and widely accessible, especially in the emergency setting. For better visualization of vascular structures bone is often removed from the images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of a fully automatic bone removal method, matched mask bone elimination (MMBE), and to assess the interobserver variability of the CTV technique.

Patients and methods

Fifty patients with clinical suspicion of cerebral venous thrombosis underwent multislice CTV with MMBE post-processing. Axial source images and maximum intensity projections were retrospectively evaluated by two neuroradiologists for quality of bone removal and for the presence or absence of thrombosis in nine dural sinuses and five deep cerebral veins. A per sinus/vein and a per patient analysis (thrombosis in at least one sinus or vein) was performed and interobserver agreement was assessed.

Results

Both observers considered bone removal good in all patients (100%). Interobserver agreement per patient was excellent (κ = 0.83), with a full agreement in 47 of 50 patients (94%). The interobserver agreement per sinus or vein was good (κ = 0.76), with a full agreement in 679 of 700 sinuses or veins (97%).

Conclusion

CTV aided with MMBE is a robust technique for visualization of the intracranial venous circulation, removing bone effectively. CTV has high interobserver agreement for presence or absence of cerebral venous thrombosis.     

Walking stability using harmonic ratios in Parkinson's disease

Kinematic changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) gait are well documented; however, upper body dynamics are less understood. Harmonic ratios (HRs) measure the rhythm of trunk accelerations and can be examined in the vertical, anterior‐posterior, and mediolateral planes, providing an indication of global walking stability (lower HR indicates poorer stability). We examined differences in HRs between persons with PD and healthy older adults and relationships between HRs and stride parameters. Eleven people with PD and 11 older adults walked over ground at their preferred pace. A triaxial accelerometer measured trunk accelerations. HRs and spatiotemporal parameters were calculated and standardized to remove the influence of gait velocity. The PD group exhibited lower HRs in all three planes, with the most pronounced differences in the mediolateral and anterior‐posterior planes. Greater stride time variability was most closely associated with a lower anterior‐posterior HR in PD and the presence of disease with the mediolateral HR. By demonstrating decreased walking stability in medial‐lateral and anterior‐posterior planes, we conclude that HRs offer unique information beyond that of typical stride parameters, and stride time variability is most closely associated with these direct measures of global walking stability. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

心率变异性复杂度分析和脑电双频谱指数在监测全身麻醉时的相关性

目的：观察全身麻醉时心率变异性分析中复杂度和脑电双频谱指数（BIS）的变化,探讨复杂度和BIS在监测麻醉深度时的相关性。方法：30例全身麻醉病人,测定麻醉前（T1）、诱导插管（T2）、术中（T3）、苏醒（T4）4个时间点各5min的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）和复杂度变化。结果：HR在T2、T3和T4较T1值升高（P〈0.01或0.05）。MAP在T2时较T1值降低（P〈0.05）,T3和T4较T1值升高（P〈0.05）,而T3和T4相比变化较大（P〈0.01）。BIS值在各时点较T1值下降明显（P〈0.01）,其中T4较T1略下降（P〈0.05）,T3与T2时相比明显降低（P〈0.01）,而T4较T3明显升高（P〈0.01）。复杂度值的T1值均大于各个点（P〈0.01或0.05）,其T4较T2和T3时升高（P〈0.05）,T3较T2时升高（P〈0.05）。结论：作为心率变异性非线性指标的复杂度能描述围术期心脏自主神经功能状态的变化,但其与BIS并无相关性。