云南省20年不同民族儿童体格发育与营养不良

目的 :动态分析近 2 0余年云南省不同时期不同民族儿童体格发育与营养状况变化规律 ,为今后儿童保健制定策略和措施提供参考依据 .方法 :用统一方法、统一标准分析、比较 1975年至 2 0 0 0年不同时期不同民族儿童体格发育与营养调查结果 .结果 :2 0余年来云南省儿童体格发育呈增长趋势 ,城市增长大于城郊增长 ,身高增长大于体重增长 .农村 5岁以下儿童中重度发育迟缓和中重度低体重患病率均呈下降趋势 ,中重度消瘦患病率呈上升趋势 ;不同民族下降幅度不同 ,至 2 0 0 0年 ,儿童营养不良患病率三项指标均未达到国家NPA目标 .结论 :2 0余年来云南省儿童体格发育呈增长趋势 ,农村 5岁以下儿童营养不良呈下降趋势 ,但下降幅度未达到国家NPA目标 ,5岁以下儿童营养不良仍是云南省农村儿童的主要健康问题 .     

低钾型周期性麻痹的临床及病理研究

目的 总结低血钾型周期性麻痹(hypoPP)的临床表现及其肌肉组织病理学改变的特点。方法 回顾分析42例hypoPP患者的主要临床表现及辅助检查，并对其中的3例行肌肉组织病理学检查。结果 总体来看，血钾越低患者临床症状及其他辅助检查变化也就越重、治疗效果越差，但患者的肌无力和腱反射的变化与血钾的变化并不完全平行，肌力下降也可不对称，2例患者出现呼吸肌麻痹，其中1例还同时伴有脑神经支配肌肉的受损，11例患者出现主观感觉障碍，54．5％(18／33例)的患者肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)增高。患者骨骼肌病理学检查中可见空泡样肌纤维及管状集合物。结论 血清钾水平与肌无力症状不完全平行；主观感觉异常、CPK增高、恢复时间较长与肌肉组织的病理改变有关；不典型低钾型周期性麻痹应与吉兰—巴雷综合征、多发性肌炎等进行鉴别，必要时应进行骨骼肌病理学检查。     

Decreased expression of DMPK: correlation with CTG repeat expansion and fibre type composition in myotonic dystrophy type 1

Abstract Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a trinucleotide repeatexpansion, cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG)_n, in the 3′ untranslated region of a gene encoding the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK). To correlate CTG expansion and protein expression, we studied muscle specimens from 16 adult DM1 patients using three anti-DMPK antibodies for immunoblotting. We estimated the amount of the full-length DMPK (85 kDa) in muscle biopsies from normal controls and from DM1 patients carrying different (CTG)_n expansions. We found that DMPK concentration was decreased to about 50% in DM patients’ muscles; the protein decrease did not seem correlated with the CTG repeat length. However, the fibre type composition in skeletal muscle seemed somehow to affect DMPK decrease, as the lowest level of the enzyme was found in patients with the lowest content of type 1 fibre.     

斯氏狸殖吸虫感染多种动物及体内发育的研究

目的 :以不同数量斯氏狸殖吸虫囊蚴 ,分别感染大白鼠 ,小白鼠和豚鼠 ,定期解剖观察虫体。方法 :经1 5、30、45、60、75、90、1 1 0和 1 2 5d分别解剖观察虫体在实验动物体内发育 ,分布及虫体检出率。结果 :大鼠在感染 90d后虫体可以逐步发育成熟并产卵 ,而小白鼠和豚鼠体内只能查到童虫阶段。结论 :初步证实大白鼠是斯氏狸殖吸虫的适宜宿主 ,小白鼠和豚鼠体内的虫体全部处于滞育阶段 ,不能发育为成虫     

论高校道德教育与可持续发展

可持续发展是人类反思人与自然关系的结果。可持续发展关键在于人。大学生是未来社会的中坚力量。通过高校道德教育这一途径，使可持续发展内化为大学生的道德发展要求，推进社会和谐发展。     

Nurse Migration from a Source Country Perspective: Philippine Country Case Study

Objectives. To describe nurse migration patterns in the Philippines and their benefits and costs.
Principal Findings. The Philippines is a job-scarce environment and, even for those with jobs in the health care sector, poor working conditions often motivate nurses to seek employment overseas. The country has also become dependent on labor migration to ease the tight domestic labor market. National opinion has generally focused on the improved quality of life for individual migrants and their families, and on the benefits of remittances to the nation. However, a shortage of highly skilled nurses and the massive retraining of physicians to become nurses elsewhere has created severe problems for the Filipino health system, including the closure of many hospitals. As a result, policy makers are debating the need for new policies to manage migration such that benefits are also returned to the educational institutions and hospitals that are producing the emigrant nurses.
Conclusions and Recommendations. There is new interest in the Philippines in identifying ways to mitigate the costs to the health system of nurse emigration. Many of the policy options being debated involve collaboration with those countries recruiting Filipino nurses. Bilateral agreements are essential for managing migration in such a way that both sending and receiving countries derive benefit from the exchange.     

Modifying Effects of Various Chemicals on Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesion Development in a Wide-spectrum Organ Carcinogenesis Model Using F344 Rats

Modifying potentials of various chemicals on tumor development were investigated in a wide-spectrum organ carcinogenesis model using male F344/DuCrj rats. The animals were treated with N-nitroso-diethylamine (100 mg/kg body weight, ip, single injection at the commencement of the study), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (20 mg/kg body weight, ip, 4 times during weeks 1 and 2) and N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (0.1% in drinking water, during weeks 3 and 4) for multi-organ initiation and then were given one of 14 test chemicals including 6 hepatocarcinogens, 7 non-hepatocarcinogens and 1 non-carcinogen, or basal diet for 16 weeks. All rats were killed at the end of week 20, and the major organs were carefully examined for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S -transferase-positivc foci was also used for quantitative assessment of liver preneoplastic lesion development. Modifying effects were shown for 11 out of 14 test agents in the liver, forestomach, glandular stomach, lung, urinary bladder or thyroid, 7 of them targeting more than two organs. This was the first demonstration to our knowledge that cloflbrate possesses enhancing potential for urinary bladder carcinogenesis and an inhibiting effect on thyroid carcinogenesis. Caprolactam showed no effect in any organ, in agreement with its established inactivity. The results indicated that the system could be reliably applied as a medium-term multiple organ bioassay for assessment of the modification potential of test agents in unknown target sites.     

Age-related effects of transection of the testicular blood vessels on subsequent testicular development in the pig

Pigs of different ages were studied to assess the effect of age on the development of the testes after intra-abdominal transection of the testicular artery and vein. Transection of the testicular artery and vein at different stages of sexual development had a variable effect on the growth and differentiation of the testes. Transection performed at a young age (2 months) had no effect on the development of the testes (previous study). The animals used in this study were between 3 and 12 months (adult) at the time of surgical intervention. Their testes appeared to be more sensitive to disturbance of the main blood supply. The alternative vascular pedicle (vasal artery) was unable to adapt sufficiently to the increased physiological requirements of the testis during development in more than 50% of the animals. The results obtained from adult males indicate that intra-abdominal transection of the testicular vessels invariably has a deleterious effect on the testis.