自主活动实时测试分析处理系统的建立与开心散安神镇静作用验证

目的 建立自主活动实时测试分析处理系统,并用此系统检测安神中药复方开心散对小鼠自主活动的影响。 方法 将计算机、信息和图像分析技术集成用于动物自主活动测试实验中,在线分析获取大鼠、小鼠自主活动的信息资源,采用模式识别、数据挖掘等技术对信息资源进行科学组合和深层次开发,提取包括运动距离、运动时间、运动速度、静息时间及各种比值以及运动轨迹等快速灵敏、规范客观的评价指标;利用正常小鼠、安定和咖啡因造模的小鼠、开心散中药复方,对系统的稳定可靠性进行实验研究。 结果 该系统用于评价动物自主活动的指标客观灵敏,所获数据与原人工检测方法所获结果具有高度相关性, r＞ 0.9;该系统有很好的重现性和稳定性。 结论自主活动实时测试分析处理系统集各种信号监测、采集、自动判别、贮存、结果分析、统计处理和输出一体化,为安神药物的实验研究提供了一套自动化程度高、提取信息量大、可供推广应用的自主活动实时测试分析处理系统。     

天麻钩藤降压胶囊降压及镇静作用研究

目的:观察天麻钩藤降压胶囊降压及镇静安神的作用.方法:SHR大鼠以天麻钩藤降压胶囊(5.4,10.8,21.6 g·kg-1) ig,1次/d,连续给药4周,观察对大鼠收缩压的影响;小鼠以天麻钩藤降压胶囊(7.8,15.6,31.2g·kg-1 )ig,1次/d,连续5d,末次给药1h后,ip戊巴比妥钠55 mg· kg-1,记录睡眠时间;ip硫代氨基脲16 mg·kg-1,记录惊厥时间(惊厥潜伏期),惊厥次数;末次给药1h后,将动物放入YLS-1A多功能小鼠自主活动记录仪,记录10 min内小鼠自主活动次数.结果:天麻钩藤降压胶囊低、中、高剂量给药均可明显降低SHR大鼠收缩压(P＜0.01);天麻钩藤降压胶囊高剂量组能明显延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间,模型组和高剂量组分别为(42.70±12.23),(91.40±64.79) min,(P＜0.05),高剂量组延长硫代氨基脲所致小鼠惊厥潜伏期,模型组与高剂量组分别为(56.20±7.69),(68.70±19.34) min,(P＜0.05),对惊厥次数无显著影响;天麻钩藤降压胶囊对小鼠自主活动无明显影响.结论:天麻钩藤降压胶囊有一定的降压和镇静催眠作用.     

Neuropharmacological profile of hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera roots in mice

Valerian is the common name given to the crude drug consisting of the underground organs of the species Valeriana. Valeriana edulis ssp. procera Meyer is the Mexican valerian. The aim of the present work was to elucidate the neuropharmacological profile of a hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis roots at doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg in several experimental models. A dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like effect of V. edulis was demonstrated. In addition, the extract decreased rotarod performance and traction force and prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at high doses. Concomitant administration of valerian extract and pentobarbital showed a synergistic effect on motor coordination and traction force in mice. The anxiolytic-like effect of V. edulis was compared with diazepam and with diphenhydramine and doxylamine, the latter in order to consider the H(1)-antihistamine effect as another possibility to explain, at least in part, the central nervous system depressant effect of valerian. These results also underlie the medical and industrial use of this species and allowed the conclusion that the extract of V. edulis has central nervous depressant properties similar to, but with some differences to V. of ficinalis, a very well known species.     

Midazolam for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, single-blind and randomized study to determine the appropriate amount and time of initiation of endoscopy

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Midazolam is currently the most used sedative agent in endoscopy. The present study was designed to examine the appropriate dose of midazolam, time of initiation of endoscopy after midazolam infusion, and to prove the necessity of flumazenil as an antidote. METHODS: One hundred and eighty patients undergoing diagnostic gastroscopy were assigned three different amounts of intravenous midazolam in prospective, single-blinded and randomized setting as follows: (i) group I 0.03 mg/kg midazolam; (ii) group II 0.06 mg/kg midazolam; and (iii) group III 0.09 mg/kg midazolam. Endoscopy was initiated 30, 60 and 90 s after infusion of midazolam within each group. After endoscopy, patients were divided into two groups, one receiving flumazenil and one placebo in a double-blind fashion. The ease of the procedure, the conscious sedative state, the paradoxical response, the level of satisfaction and anterograde amnesia were assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale. RESULTS: The endoscopist's assessments were not changed by the different doses of midazolam; however, significant differences were observed in the paradoxical responses (P < 0.05). The level of satisfaction with endoscopy was notably different between group I and the other two groups (P < 0.05). Amnesia was boosted according with increasing doses of midazolam (P < 0.05). The time until discharge after endoscopy was significantly different between group III and the other two groups (P < 0.05) and the discharge time was reduced in the flumazenil subgroup compared with the placebo subgroup in group III (P < 0.05). Group II (0.06 mg/kg) reported good levels of satisfaction, fewer paradoxical responses and short discharge time without any side-effects. Comparing the time of initiation of endoscopy (at 30, 60 and 90 s after midazolam) in each group, there were no significant differences in the level of satisfaction, conscious sedative state and amnesia. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam should be administered at a dose of 0.06 mg/kg and the endoscopy should be initiated 30 s after midazolam injection for appropriate effects without any side-effects. Flumazenil is not necessary, except in the case of the use of a high dose (above 0.09 mg/kg) of midazolam.     

Aphrodisiac activity of methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn in mice

The aphrodisiac properties of the methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn. have been evaluated in mice by observing the mounting behaviour. The methanol extract of P. incarnata exhibited significant aphrodisiac behaviour in male mice at all doses, i.e. 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg. Amongst these, the highest activity was observed with the 100 mg/kg dose when the mountings were calculated about 95 min after the administration of the test extracts.     

非苯二氮类镇静催眠药的研发进展与临床评价

目的:介绍非苯二氮类镇静催眠药的研究进展与临床评价。方法:通过查阅国内、外近期有关文献进行评述。结果与结论:近年来,非苯二氮类镇静催眠药进展迅速,其耐药性和依赖性很小,几乎无反跳性失眠现象。此类药物是目前镇静催眠药的重要研发领域。     

藿香正气片对小鼠自发活动的影响

目的:研究藿香正气片增强镇静催眠药对小鼠的镇静催眠作用.方法:以小鼠的走动时间、前肢向上抬举为指标观察藿香正气片的镇静作用及与镇静催眠药的协同作用.结果:藿香正气片组与生理盐水组比较,具有显著性差异( P < 0.05);藿香正气片 地西泮组与地西泮组比较,也具有显著性差异( P < 0.05).结论:藿香正气片具有镇静作用,与镇静催眠药合用具有明显的协同作用.     

臭牡丹根提取液的镇静和催眠作用

目的：研究臭牡丹的镇和催眠作用并为其临床应用提供理论基础。方法：①臭牡丹液对小鼠自发活动的影响（抖笼法）。②臭牡丹液对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间的影响。③臭牡丹液对戊巴比钠阈下剂量的影响。结果：臭牡丹具有明显减少小鼠自发活动作用、协同戊巴比妥钠的中枢抑制作用且呈剂量依耐性。结论：臭牡丹根溶液具有镇静和催眠作用。     

宣武医院门诊处方中镇静催眠药的使用情况

目的:了解宣武医院门诊处方中镇静催眠药的使用现状及存在的问题,保证患者安全、有效、经济地使用镇静催眠药。方法:自拟调查表,对宣武医院2000年11月20日—2000年12年12月20日的45419张门诊处方进行回顾性调查。结果:神经内科的镇静催眠药处方最多,占本次调查的67.23%。其中苯二氮(艹卓)类药物使用次数占镇静催眠药的55.02％,5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂占15.61％。问题处方18张,占0.9％,配伍不合理处方6张,占0.3％。结论:镇静催眠药的使用基本合理,但应进一步加强对新药的了解。     

抗组胺药对认知功能和执行能力的影响

抗组胺药是治疗过敏性疾病十分有效的药物，其对中枢神经系统的镇静作用主要表现为认知功能和执行能力的下降，因此，对该药治疗指数或益处／风险比值的评估十分重要。笔者将对评估方法及结果加以综述。