全蝎解毒汤对慢性粒细胞白血病血液学影响的临床研究

目的:采用前瞻对照性研究观察中药全蝎解毒汤在慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)中西医结合治疗方案中的临床疗效,探讨全蝎有效成分对CML患者获得血液学缓解的重要作用。方法将临床诊断为CML患者42例随机分为2组。治疗组22例,予全蝎解毒汤+羟基脲、干扰素;对照组20例,予羟基脲、干扰素。结果治疗组总有效率86.36%,对照组总有效率70.00%,2组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组血象稳定,临床症状明显改善,外周血幼稚细胞比例明显下降,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论:全蝎解毒汤联合羟基脲、干扰素是治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的有效方法,是提高CML血液学缓解及维持CML长期血液学缓解的优化方案。     

蝎镇痛活性肽AS的一个二硫键对镇痛活性的影响

目的研究蝎镇痛活性肽AS中二硫键C12-C62对其生物活性的影响。方法利用一步聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)分别用Ser替代蝎镇痛活性肽AS中第12位、第62位及第12位和第62位的Cys,从而构建其3个突变体。采用金属离子螯合亲和层析方法对表达突变体蛋白进行纯化。采用小鼠扭体法测定3个突变体的镇痛活性。结果构建了3个突变体质粒,在BL21(DE3)中实现了可溶性表达。采用金属离子螯合层析方法获得了电泳纯样品。其镇痛活性明显低于Bmk AS(P<0.01)。结论3个突变体与rBmK AS镇痛活性有明显差异,二硫键C12-C62与蝎毒镇痛活性密切相关。     

Biophysical properties of scorpion alpha-toxin-sensitive background sodium channel contributing to the pacemaker activity in insect neurosecretory cells (DUM neurons)

A scorpion alpha-toxin-sensitive background sodium channel was characterized in short-term cultured adult cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons using the cell-attached patch-clamp configuration. Under control conditions, spontaneous sodium currents were recorded at different steady-state holding potentials, including the range of normal resting membrane potential. At -50 mV, the sodium current was observed as unclustered, single openings. For potentials more negative than -70 mV, investigated patches contained large unitary current steps appearing generally in bursts. These background channels were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 100 nm), and replacing sodium with TMA-Cl led to a complete loss of channel activity. The current-voltage relationship has a slope conductance of 36 pS. At -50 mV, the mean open time constant was 0.22 +/- 0.05 ms (n = 5). The curve of the open probability versus holding potentials was bell-shaped, with its maximum (0.008 +/- 0.004; n = 5) at -50 mV. LqhalphaIT (10-8 m) altered the background channel activity in a time-dependent manner. At -50 mV, the channel activity appeared in bursts. The linear current-voltage relationship of the LqhalphaIT-modified sodium current determined for the first three well-resolved open states gave three conductance levels: 34, 69 and 104 pS, and reversed at the same extrapolated reversal potential (+52 mV). LqhalphaIT increased the open probability but did not affect either the bell-shaped voltage dependence or the open time constant. Mammal toxin AaHII induced very similar effects on background sodium channels but at a concentration 100 x higher than LqhalphaIT. At 10-7 m, LqhalphaIT produced longer silence periods interrupted by bursts of increased channel activity. Whole-cell experiments suggested that background sodium channels can provide the depolarizing drive for DUM neurons essential to maintain beating pacemaker activity, and revealed that 10-7 m LqhalphaIT transformed a beating pacemaker activity into a rhythmic bursting.     

Differential sensitivity of sodium channels from the central and peripheral nervous system to the scorpion toxins Lqh-2 and Lqh-3

The scorpion alpha-toxins Lqh-2 and Lqh-3, isolated from the venom of the Israeli yellow scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, were previously shown to be very potent in removing fast inactivation of rat skeletal muscle sodium channels (Chen et al., 2000). Here, we show that tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuronal channels NaV1.2 and NaV1.7, which are mainly expressed in mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively, are differentially sensitive to these two toxins. rNaV1.2 and hNaV1.7 channels were studied with patch-clamp methods upon expression in mammalian cells. While Lqh-3 was about 100-times more potent in removing inactivation in hNaV1.7 channels compared with rNaV1.2, Lqh-2 was about 20-times more active in the other direction. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the differences in the putative binding sites for these toxins, the S3-4 linkers of domain 4, are of major importance for Lqh-3, but not for Lqh-2.     

蝎毒多肽提取物抗肿瘤血管生成作用的实验研究

目的探讨东亚钳蝎蝎毒的多肽提取物PESV的抗血管生成活性和对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。方法①用不同浓度的PESV(4～20mg·L-1)作用于人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),采用BrdU参入的ELISA法观察HUVEC增殖活性和凋亡水平变化,流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞比例,免疫组化法检测Bal和Bax表达。②观察PESV对鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)新生血管生成的影响。③皮下注射PESV(0.3mg·kg-1),观察对S180肉瘤和H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长、肿瘤血管生成和血管生成因子(VEGF和bFGF)表达的影响。结果①体外实验显示,PESV在8～20mg·L-1范围明显抑制HUVEC的增殖活性(与对照组比较,P<0.01),而对乳腺癌细胞MDAMB231的增殖无影响;PESV作用后HUVEC凋亡细胞比例较对照组增加,P<0.05,Bax表达增加;Bcl2表达降低。②0.5mg/CAM和0.8mg/CAM的PESV能明显抑制CAM新生血管的形成。③体内实验显示PESV能明显抑制小鼠S180肉瘤和H22肝癌的肿瘤生长和血管生成水平,并降低肿瘤组织内血管生成相关因子VEGF和bFGF的表达。结论PESV具有良好的体内和体外抗肿瘤血管生成活性,并籍此抑制肿瘤的生长。     

Effects of scorpion venom on central and peripheral circulatory response in an open-chest dog model

Scorpion venom can induce in dogs severe haemodynamic changes leading to rapid rise in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output, followed by reduction of cardiac output and blood pressure within 1 h. The decrease in cardiac output is not related to myocardial dysfunction (Tarasiuk et al. 1994). We hypothesized that scorpion venom affects cardiac output by reducing venous return to the heart. Venous return was studied by steady-state measurements of cardiac output, the pressure gradient and resistance to venous return, in 16 dogs following injection of 0.05 mg kg^?1 venom obtained from the scorpion species Leiurus quinquestriatus. In eight of the 16 dogs, atropine (0.1 mg kg^?1) was given 15 min prior to venom injection (n = 4) or 85 min (n = 4) after venom administration. In five additional dogs, the stability of the preparation over time was evaluated following the same protocol without the injection of the venom. At 15 min, the venom induced an increase in blood pressure (80%) and cardiac output (250%) (P < 0.001) with little effect on heart rate. At 90 min, cardiac output and heart rate declined considerably below baseline (P < 0.001). Atropine prevented the decrease in heart rate, but did not affect the reduction of cardiac output. Five minutes after venom injection, mean circulatory pressure increased by 300% (P < 0.001), which was accompanied by a rightward shift of the venous return curve with no effect on resistance to venous return. At 120 min, mean circulatory pressure recovered and resistance to venous return remained at 40% (P < 0.01) above baseline. This study indicates that, in dogs, scorpion venom affects cardiac output by modifying the determinants of venous return. The initial increase in cardiac output is related to increased mean circulatory pressure since resistance to venous return did not change. The later fall in cardiac output is related to the reduction of mean circulatory pressure and increased resistance to venous return.     

纯化蝎毒素Ⅳ对神经损伤康复的促进作用

实验用大鼠２０只，结扎坐骨神经以造成神经慢性机械压迫－痛觉过敏动物模型。实验组从手术后第２天开始经腹腔注射纯化蝎毒素Ⅳ，每日注射６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，持续用药，选用辐射热测痛．本实验用电生理学方法结合ＨＲＰ逆行追踪技术进行研究。结果显示，纯化蝎毒素Ⅳ对神经损伤后形态和功能的恢复以及对神经损伤性痛觉过敏的解除都具有促进作用．     

愈痫灵对红藻氨酸致痫大鼠行为的影响

为观察愈痫灵颗粒剂对致痫大鼠行为的影响,探讨该方的癫痫作用。采用红藻氨酸造模,随机将40只SD大鼠分为模型组、中药汤剂 、中药颗粒剂组、西药组,按Schultz-Krohn标准观察行为表现。结果显示愈痫灵汤剂组、颗粒剂组可延长癫痫发作潜伏时间（P＜0．05）,减少湿狗样抖动次数（P＜0．05）。提示愈痫灵颗粒剂有显著的抗痫作用。