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41.
42.
目的 了解2型糖尿病患者住院前及住院期间卒中各危险因素的干预状况,发现临床实践与证据之间的差距,提高临床医生对卒中一级预防的认识,指导今后的临床治疗。方法 本调查为横断面调查研究,回顾性调查167例2型糖尿病患者住院前及住院期间对卒中主要危险因素的干预情况。结果 被调查的患者中,入院前有46.7%的患者有高血压;36.0%的患者有吸烟史;19.8%的患者存在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病,0.6%的患者有心房颤动;23.4%的患者有脂代谢异常。出院前有56.9%的患者被诊断高血压;81.4%的患者存在脂代谢异常。入院前与出院前对血压的药物干预率差异无统计学意义(分别为75.6%及80.0%,P >0.05);入院前后的降脂治疗(分别为25.6%及69.1%,P <0.01)及降糖治疗(分别为82.0%及97.6%,P <0.01)的差异均有统计学意义。结论 2型糖尿病患者院前对危险因素干预的达标率较低,应加强2型糖尿病患者及临床医生对卒中一级预防的认识,提高卒中卒中相关危险因素的干预率。 相似文献
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44.
Janna Lesser Deborah Koniak-Griffin Evelyn Gonzalez-Figueroa Rong Huang William G Cumberland 《The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care》2007,18(2):18-27
Pregnant and parenting adolescents living in inner cities are at risk for acquiring HIV through unprotected sexual activity. In addition to individual risk behaviors, a lack of socioeconomic and other environmental resources create risk environments that make certain communities vulnerable to both adolescent pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Research indicates that adolescent parents, many who have histories of childhood trauma, may use their experience of young parenthood and the concomitant feelings of parental protectiveness as a source of renewed hope for their future. The purpose of this report is to explore the relationship between history of childhood abuse and high risk behaviors in adolescent Latino mothers and fathers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of a culturally rooted, couple-focused HIV prevention program. In addition, this report describes the HIV prevention program that was designed specifically for young Latino parents wherein maternal and paternal protectiveness are viewed as intrinsic and developing critical factors that promote resiliency and motivate behavioral change. 相似文献
45.
Margaret MacDonald Matthew Law John Kaldor Jim Hales Gregory J. Dore 《The International journal on drug policy》2003,14(5-6):353
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) in preventing HIV transmission among injecting drug users (IDUs).Methods: An ecological study design was used to determine change in HIV prevalence among injecting drug users between cities with and without NSPs. Several data sources, such as electronic journal databases, surveillance reports, websites, and index review of relevant journals, were used to identify studies of HIV seroprevalence among IDUs, and presence of NSPs. The rate of change in HIV prevalence was estimated by regression analysis.Results: There were 778 years of data from 99 cities globally included in the analysis. HIV prevalence decreased by 18.6% per annum in cities that introduce NSPs, and increased by 8.1% in cities that had never introduced NSPs (mean difference −24.7% [95% CI: −43.8, 0.5%], P=0.06). The mean difference was –33% when comparison was weighted to one over the variance of the regression estimator (29% decrease in cities with NSPs and 5% increase in cities without NSPs, P<0.001). When analysis was restricted to cities with first HIV seroprevalence less than 10%, the average annual change in seroprevalence was 18% lower in cities with NSPs (P=0.03).Conclusions: Despite the inherent limitations within an ecological study design, the study provides additional evidence that NSPs reduce transmission of HIV infection. The rapid spread of HIV among IDU populations and increasing rates of injecting in many countries calls for scaling up of NSPs as well as other harm reduction strategies. 相似文献
46.
岳阳市1993~2002年性病流行病学分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
目的 了解岳阳市10年来性病的发病趋势和流行特点,为政府部门制定性病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 用性病疫情软件汇总分析全市性病疫情报告的年度报表。结果 岳阳市10年共报告8种性病6492例,其中:淋病2851例,非淋菌性病尿道炎888例,尖锐湿疣2425例,梅毒192例,生殖器疱疹117例,软下疳7例,性病性淋巴肉芽肿3例,HIV感染9例。年平均发病率为12.71/10万,年平均增长率为1,34%。同时,数据显示传染来源中非婚性接触4909例,占总例数的75,62%,性乱人群是性病传播的主要方式。结论 岳阳市性病仍属于低发地区,目前正处于逐步扩散期。尖锐湿疣、梅毒上升幅度较大,应加强防治力度,控制疾病的流行。 相似文献
47.
Over the past several years, increased interest in preventing youth problems and promoting healthy youth development has led youth and family practitioners, policy makers, and researchers to develop a wide range of approaches based on various theoretical frameworks. Although the growth in guiding frameworks has led to more complex models and a greater diversity in the options available to scholars and practitioners, the lack of an integrative conceptual scheme and consistent terminology has led to some confusion in the field. Here, we provide an overview of three approaches to youth development and problem prevention, critically examine their strengths and weaknesses, and offer some elaborations to help clarify, extend, and integrate the models. We conclude by discussing some general implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. 相似文献
48.
目的 观察免费板式组合药在DOTS中对合并乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人肝损害情况。方法 比较HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性的涂阳肺结核病人与无乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人DOTS前后肝功能损害情况。结果 合并乙肝病人肝损害发生率66.3%,无乙肝者肝损害发生率8.6%,两者相比差异有显著性(P〈0.01)。22.5%病人因肝损害需更改治疗方案。结论 DOTS中合并乙肝的病人采用板式组合药用2H3R3Z3E3/4H3R3方案易发生肝损害,对这类病人应慎用常规方案,并要密切全程观察肝功能,尽可能应用肝损害较小的抗结核药。 相似文献
49.
Many women report an increased frequency of headaches around the time of menses. For some women, these headaches are more severe, of longer duration, and lead to greater disability than those occurring at other times in the menstrual cycle. A headache diary is critical to properly diagnose menstrual migraine (MM) by prospectively documenting headache days, severity of headache, and the headaches' relationship to menses. In women with diagnosed MM, acute treatment has been proven to be effective in randomized clinical trials. For those women who have predictable periods and may require preventive therapy, short-term prevention is a reasonable approach due to the predictability of MM. Although several agents (eg, naproxen sodium, magnesium, triptans) have been evaluated for prevention of MM, all but triptans have been assessed in small trials of between 20 and 35 women. Naratriptan, frovatriptan, and, most recently, zolmitriptan have been proven effective in preventing MM. Triptans are generally well tolerated, and the long-term safety of these agents is currently being evaluated. The flexibility of using acute and preventive therapy allows physicians to tailor treatment of MM and meet the needs of individual patients. 相似文献
50.
305例尿石成份分析及预防对策 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
目的研究一种快速、简便的方法对泌尿系结石进行分析,并探讨其防治方法。方法用化学常量法对305例患者的尿石标本进行化学成份测定,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果发现结石发病男性多于女性(比例为3.2∶1),20~50岁多发,上尿路结石多于下尿路结石(5.4∶1)。结石中草酸钙检出率达82%,尿酸盐55.2%,磷酸钙48.6%,磷酸镁铵与碳酸磷灰石则多见于泌尿系感染病例,胱氨酸结石少见。结论化学常量法分析泌尿系结石简便、快捷、准确。结石成份分析对于了解结石成因、预防结石复发具有一定的意义。 相似文献