基于BIOMEMS技术的细胞电阻抗传感器的研究进展

细胞一电阻抗传感器是基于BIOMEMS技术的研究细胞电生理和临床药理研究的新兴工具,主要应用于细胞等微生物体的形态和功能研究.近年来,它以其新颖简单的设计和长时程的无损测试等优点一直受到国内外学者和企业的广泛关注.首先分析细胞一电极阻抗界面模型并加以细化,然后介绍生物阻抗传感器在国际上研究的最新进展.在此基础上,结合实验室当前的研究工作,介绍了自制的基于叉指型细胞电阻抗传感器,最后提出了未来主要发展方向.     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞的慢自发性去极化电位

目的 :探讨豚鼠肠系膜下神经节 (IMG)细胞慢自发性去极化电位 (SSDP)。方法 :离体细胞内记录技术 ,并观察IMG细胞SSDP发生间隔、持续时间及幅度。结果 :SSDP发生间隔时间、持续时间和幅度较为恒定 ,分别为 44 9.7± 11.0s、198.8±15 .1s和 14.2± 2 .4mV。 5 HT1P受体拮抗剂BRL 2 492 4对SSDP和该细胞的迟慢兴奋性突触后电位 (LS EPSP)无影响。结论 :豚鼠IMG内可能存在SSDP     

胃粘膜内pH值测定在危重病人中的预警价值

目的 :观察在危重病患者中反映组织水平氧代谢的胃粘膜内 p Hi,与反映全身氧代谢的指标间的关系以及胃粘膜内p Hi的预警价值。方法 :用胃张力计测定危重病患者入科即刻及治疗 2 4h后胃粘膜内 p Hi,并测定 p Ha ,Pa O2 / Fi O2 ,行 APACHE 评分。结果 :死亡组入科即刻 p Hi( 7.13 3± 0 .3 74)较存活组 ( 7.3 89± 0 .0 62 )显著降低 ( P<0 .0 1) ,治疗 2 4小时后胃粘膜内 p Hi死亡组( 6.911± 0 .496)较存活组 ( 7.43 4± 0 .0 5 1)降低更显著 ( P<0 .0 0 1) ;入科即刻 p Hi≤ 7.3 2的患者病死率为 75 .0 %,治疗 2 4h后胃粘膜内 p Hi≤ 7.3 2的患者病死率为 88.9%。结论 :作为局部组织氧合指标的 p Hi在常规的全身氧代谢指标未改变之前就发生了明显的变化 ;p Hi的降低与病死率有明显的相关性。     

从20世纪诺贝尔医学奖看21世纪我国高等医学教育

20世纪诺贝尔医学奖中奖项目 98项中可看出基础医学中奖项目多于临床 ,为 80∶2 0 ;美国人中奖最多 ,英、德领先 ;中奖科学家出身名校并受名师潜移默化 ;医学发展极快 ,2 0世纪下半叶中奖项目难度大、知识面广 ,跨学科、多人合作、智慧科技含量高。为此我国在 2 1世纪的医学教育必须加大投入、重建师资队伍、教学内容及方法不断更新、重视基础医学及人文社会科学、培养学生求异创新思维、更新科技研究水平 ,加大国际交流并结合我国医学优势及需要必定能获得 2 1世纪诺贝尔奖     

Velocity of peristaltic propagation in distal esophageal segments

Recent studies of the peristaltic pressure wave have suggested the presence of two sequential but overlapping contraction segments in the distal esophageal body. In this report, propagation velocity of esophageal peristalsis was determined in these segments in normal subjects (N=35) and in patients with high-amplitude peristalsis (nutcracker esophagus,N=25) to see if intersegment differences were present in the normal or abnormal setting. Velocity measurements were made from conventional manometric tracings in two 4-cm regions representing the distal smooth-muscle segments. A novel method of velocity measurement was employed that used regression lines established from contraction onset times. In normal subjects, propagation velocity decreased significantly from the proximal to distal segment (4.9±0.5 cm/sec, vs 3.2±0.2 cm/sec,P<0.01). Velocity also decreased across segments in nutcracker-esophagus patients (5.3±0.6 cm/sec, vs 3.6±0.7 cm/sec,P=0.06), but the difference reached statistical significance only when the subset with highest amplitudes (180 mm Hg) was analyzed separately. Greater variance in velocity in the distal smooth-muscle segment of nutcracker-esophagus patients (P<0.01) was, in part, responsible for this statistical observation. We conclude that normal propagation velocity decreases across regions corresponding to the smooth-muscle contraction segments defined by recent studies of peristalsis, supporting the assumption that they represent separate neuromuscular units. The mechanisms responsible for contraction wave abnormalities in the nutcracker esophagus have a minimal effect on propagation velocity, an effect that is restricted to the distal smooth-muscle segment of the esophageal body.Supported in part by a grant from the United States Public Health Service (AM07130).     

微血管舒张功能障碍及体外反搏的改善作用

目的：通过测定微血管血流灌注来反映微血管的舒张功能,同时观察体外反搏治疗改善冠心病患者微血管舒张功能障碍的效果。方法：应用激光多普勒血流量计（ＬＤＦ） ,测量５８ 个被观察者的前臂皮肤在反应性充血前后微血管血流灌注增加比值,评价血流介导的微血管舒张功能。结果：冠心病组、高胆固醇血症组及吸烟组微血管舒张功能明显低于对照组,比值分别为１．８３±０．３７、２．６３±０．５１、３．１９ ±０．５６ 比３．５６±０．３６ ;Ｐ分别＜ ０．０１,＜０．０１,＜ ０．０５。冠心病组反搏治疗前后比,其微血管的舒张功能明显提高,比值为１．８３±０．３７ 比２．５４±０．４３; Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：ＬＤＦ可检测冠心病患者明显的微血管舒张功能障碍及高胆固醇血症者和吸烟者微血管功能的异常;体外反搏治疗可改善冠心病患者的微血管舒张功能。     

高+Gz负荷下犬心血管系统反应特性

目的探讨犬＋Ｇｚ负荷中、负荷后心电图、动脉血压反应特性。方法将压力传感器导管置于６只麻醉犬的升主动脉和髂总动脉,以测量犬暴露于＋１Ｇｚ、＋３Ｇｚ、＋５Ｇｚ、＋７Ｇｚ的血压,并采用Ａ导联持续监测心电图。结果（１）Ｐ波高度受＋Ｇｚ负荷的影响,负荷前、后１ｍｉｎ内差异显著（＋Ｇｚ负荷前Ｐ波２．３±０．２ｍＶ,＋３Ｇｚ后４．５±０．５ｍＶ,＋５Ｇｚ后４．８±０．３ｍＶ,＋７Ｇｚ后５．３±０．７ｍＶＰ＜０．０５）。（２）高＋Ｇｚ负荷时,髂总动脉血压表现为平均动脉压增高,脉压减低。（３）＋Ｇｚ终止后,升主动脉血压（ＡＰ）出现一过性增高（＋７Ｇｚ前ＡＰ１７．２９±５．５９／１１．３１±３．８６ｋＰａ,＋７Ｇｚ后第３０ｓ２７．５３±６．１２／２０．６２±１．８６ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｐ波高度的变化反映心房移位,这可能是心律失常的原因。在高＋Ｇｚ负荷条件下,心血管功能不全,组织灌注压是一个重要的生理参数。＋Ｇｚ负荷终止后即刻,动脉血压极度增高,为血管性衰竭的表现     

Development of receptoral responses in pigmented and albino guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus)

We describe the postnatal development of the electroretinogram (ERG) receptoral response in the guinea pig. In addition, the time course and nature of maturation was compared between albino and pigmented strains to consider the role that melanogenesis might have in this process. Electroretinograms were collected on groups of albino and pigmented animals from postnatal day (PD) PD1 to PD60. A-wave amplitudes and implicit times were extracted from filtered data (0–75 Hz). Receptoral components were modelled using the delayed gaussian model of Hood and Birch [1] fitted as an ensemble to the raw data. Guinea pigs show saturated amplitudes (Rm_P3) that are 50% of adult values at birth, these mature by PD12. Receptoral delay (t_d) also undergoes some postnatal maturation, while phototransduction gain (log S) is adult-like at birth. Albino animals had significantly (p<0.05) larger Rm_P3 and log S across all ages. Guinea pigs have significant postnatal development in their receptoral response. Maturation of Rm_P3 implies a postnatal increase in rod outer segment length. Whereas the adult values of log S implies a mature phototransduction process at birth. We argue that the likely cause for the larger log S of albino eyes is compatible with theories of increased levels of internal light. Whereas the larger Rm_P3, even after allowing for increased light effectiveness, may reflect a lower ocular resistance in albino eyes due to their lower levels of melanin. Furthermore, decreased Rm_P3 and log S with age is observed in the pigmented group only and is consistent with increased ocular resistance due to melanin development in this strain. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

人体生理学电子教案的制作与应用

与统编教材配套的系列人体生理学电子教案紧贴教学大纲 ,以PowerPoint为媒体 ,制作编辑了数百幅动画和精美的图片 ,形象直观 ,使学生能很好地掌握课本中的重点和难点问题。该教案使用方便 ,且能在网络上运行 ,在实践中取得了良好的教学效果。