子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的疗效观察

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效。方法用海藻酸钠微球行子宫动脉栓塞术治疗76例子宫腺肌病患者,于术后1、3、6个月观察患者的月经量、痛经程度、子宫大小及子宫动脉阻力指数(R I)的变化以及对卵巢功能的影响。结果术后1、3、6个月随访观察,患者痛经评分明显减少、月经经期明显减短、月经量明显减少,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后子宫体积明显缩小,R I明显下降,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后内分泌激素卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病近期疗效显著,能明显减轻痛经、月经周期和出血量,对内分泌无影响,安全性好。     

盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵治疗干槽症的临床研究

目的:比较盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵与碘仿纱条治疗干槽症的疗效。方法:58例确诊为干槽症的患者经常规清创后,随机均分为2组。实验组牙槽窝内置入盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵;对照组填塞碘仿纱条,随访比较其疗效。结果:组间比较[实验组/对照组:优(例)23/16;良(例)6/11;可(例)0/2],Kruskal-Wallis检验法检验,疗效评价等级为"优"的实验组病例数多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵对干槽症的疗效优于碘仿纱条。     

A New Ternary Polymeric Matrix System for Controlled Drug Delivery of Highly Soluble Drugs: I. Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop a new ternary polymeric matrix system that is easy to manufacture and that delivers a highly soluble drug over long periods of time. Methods. Pectin, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and diltiazem HC1 granulated with gelatin at optimized ratios were blended at different loading doses and directly compressed. Swelling behavior, dissolution profiles and the effect of hydrodynamic stress on release kinetics were evaluated. Results. Diltiazem release kinetics from the ternary polymeric system was dependent on the different swelling behavior of the polymers and varied with the drug loading dose and hydrodynamic conditions. Drug release followed either non-Fickian or Case II transport kinetics. The relative influence of diffusion and relaxational/dissolution effects on release profiles for different drug loadings was calculated by a nonlinear regression approach. Photographs taken during swelling show that the anisotropic nature of the gel structure, drug loading dose, swelling capacity of polymers used, and the design of delivery system all play important roles in controlling the drug release and dissolution/ erosion processes. Conclusions. Zero-order delivery of diltiazem HC1 from a simple tablet matrix was achieved. The ternary polymeric system developed in this study is suitable for controlled release of highly soluble drugs. It offers a number of advantages over existing systems, including ease of manufacturing and of release modulation, as well as reproducibility of release profiles under well defined hydrodynamic conditions. Our delivery system has the potential to fully release its drug content in a controlled manner over a long time period and to dissolve completely.     

Scleral implants: An historical perspective

Scleral implants are made of absorbable or nonabsorbable materials. One category of absorbable materials consists of donor tissue, either autogenous (fascia lata, plantaris gracilis tendon) or from cadavers (dura mater, sclera, fascia lata). A second category includes gelatin, reconstituted collagen, absorbable gut, fibrin, blood plasma, air, and sodium hyaluronate; of these, specially prepared gelatin seems to be the most useful. Nonabsorbable implant materials have proven more practical than absorbable implants. Solid silicone rubber is currently the most popular scleral implant material. It is soft, easy to handle, and well tolerated. Expandable implants, either temporary or permanent, are used in the form of a silicone balloon filled with liquid. Silicone sponge, also widely used, has the advantage of great softness. However, hydrogels seem to be the ideal scleral implants. The only one commercially available is Refojo's MAI implant. It is very soft and is not damaged by sutures, has a smooth surface, is molded in several sizes and shapes, and has small pores that microorganisms cannot penetrate. When saturated with a water-soluble antibiotic before implantation, this implant releases the antibiotic postoperatively for a longer time than any other implant material. Finally, surgical adhesives are useful when the sclera is too thin or weak to tolerate sutures. The best adheive available seems to be isobutyl cyanoacrylate.     

明胶改性聚β-羟基丁酸酯与鼠肾上腺细胞的生物相容性

目的 :探索明胶改性的聚 β-羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)与鼠肾上腺细胞的生物相容性 ,为以PHB为细胞载体进行肾上腺细胞移植提供实验依据。方法 :以明胶为改性材料对PHB进行改性 ,并将材料与肾上腺细胞共同培养 ,通过观察PHB与明胶对肾上腺细胞的形态学、增殖 (MTT法 )与分泌功能 (放免法 )的影响 ,来评价明胶改性的PHB与鼠肾上腺细胞的生物相容性。结果 :5 %浓度的明胶改性效果较好 ;明胶改性的PHB内可见细胞呈团簇状聚集生长 ,未改性的PHB内无细胞生长 ;PHB及改性材料明胶对体外培养的肾上腺细胞增殖活性 (1.87± 0 .0 3vs1.91± 0 .0 4 ,P >0 .0 5 )以及分泌功能均无影响 [(36 .4 3± 3.6 5 ) pg·ml-1vs (31.72± 2 .4 9) pg·ml-1,P >0 .0 5 ]。结论 :明胶可增加PHB的亲水性能 ;PHB及明胶对肾上腺细胞的生长、增殖、分泌功能无影响 ;以PHB为载体的肾上腺细胞移植治疗肾上腺皮质功能不全具有临床可行性。     

碘仿预防下颌阻生智齿拔除后干槽症的临床研究

目的 观察碘仿明胶海绵在预防下颌生智齿拔除术后干槽症的效果。方法 随机选择无明显全身系统性急慢性疾病，年龄介于20岁至30岁男性，非完全埋伏性阻生智齿，近15d内无急性冠周炎病史的下颌阻生智齿拔牙患者，拔牙窝内采用盲法用药，用碘仿明胶海绵(A组)，预防干槽症，并选择拔牙后用明胶海绵(B组)和未作预防性填塞(C组)作对照，观察各组术后干槽症发病情况。结果 A组干槽症发生率明显低于B组和C组(P＜0.01)，B组和C组比较无显著性差异(P＜0．05)，在适应性方面A组优于B、C组(P＜0．05)。结论 下颌阻生智拔除后用碘仿明胶海绵作预防性填塞有助于减少于槽症的发生，在一定程度上可基本消除干槽症。     

异种脱钙骨基质,骨基质胶诱导成骨的研究

采用初生公牛长骨干制成异种脱钙骨基质（ＸＤＢＭ）和异种骨基质胶（ＸＢＭＧ），加ＤＳ－ＣａＳｏ４或ＣａＣｌ２＋Ｎａ２ＨＰｏ４＋ＫＨ２Ｐｏ４，分别移植至Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠颅骨８ｍｍ直径圆形骨缺损区和双侧股四头肌穴内。经Ｘ线照片和组织学观察２０周，证实均可以发生诱导成骨，与对照组（ＸＤＢＭ或ＸＢＭＧ加生理盐水）比较差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；其成骨方式为软骨内骨化，但成骨迁延时间较长且不够完善。作者认为：实     

明胶-聚异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的溶胀动力学

采用明胶（Gel)和N－异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）为原料，制备了Gel/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）水凝胶系列；研究了原料配比、pH值及温度对水凝胶溶胀速度的影响。结果表明，当温度大于PNIPAM的最低临界溶液温度（LCST）值时，Gel/PNIPAM水凝胶的溶胀速度随着组分中PNIPAM的增加而降低，且溶胀过程以扩散渗透控制为主。而pH对水凝胶溶胀速度的影响与温度有关。Gel/PNIPAM配比为5／5，温度大于LCST时，水凝胶的pH敏感性受明胶控制；温度低于LCST时，pH对水凝胶的溶胀速度的影响很小。     

Determination of Moisture in Intact Gelatin Capsules by Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry

Pharmaceutical Research -     

聚乳酸-骨基质明胶多孔复合材料制备及骨诱导活性研究

目的采用CO2超临界法制备一种新型的具有生物活性的聚乳酸（poly lactic acid，PLA）-骨基质明胶（bone matrix gelatin，BMG）多孔复合型骨支架材料，并检测骨诱导活性。方法选取健康成人供体皮质骨进行脱脂、脱钙和脱蛋白处理制备BMG，将按体积比3：1混合的BMG—PLA及纯PLA，分别置入超临界CO2反应装置中，同时加入粒径为100～200,am的NaCl颗粒作为制孔剂，反应制备多孔PLA—BMG和PLA复合材料。在含10％胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基中培养MC3T3-E1成骨前体细胞，按20μl／孔2×10^4／ml浓度的细胞悬液加入含不同材料的24孔培养板内共培养2周，其中PLA—BMG组：每孔含100μg粉碎的PLA—BMG复合材料；PLA组：每孔含100μg粉碎的PLA材料；DMEM高糖培养基组作为对照组；每组设6个复孔。通过茜素红S染色法染色钙化结节，定量分析钙化面积；收集共培养细胞并在1m10．2％的Nonidet P-40溶液中超声裂解，检测细胞内钙含量和ALP活性。结果超临界CO2法所制备PLA—BMG多孔复合材料中BMG与PLA混合均匀，孔隙大小为50～150μm，孔径联通性好；PLA—BMG组ALP活性、钙含量及钙化面积均值分别为325．59±70．40U／gprot、3．51±1．64mmol／gprot和42．98％±4．44％，均高于PLA组63．62±30．01U／gprot、1．04±0．21mmol／gprot和9．55％±1．94％，及对照组2．40±1．47U／gprot、0．70±0．24mmol／gprot和0．86％±0．41％，比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且PLA组的ALP活性及钙化结节面积与对照组也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用CO2超临界法制备的PLA—BMG多孔复合支架材料具有良好的骨诱导活性，有可能作为一种有前景的骨植入材料及骨组织工程支架材料。