电针内关穴对窦房传导功能的影响及其意义

采用直接窦房传导时间（ＳＡＣＴｄ）为指标，对１０例窦房结功能正常者进行了针刺前、针刺及固有心率（ＩＨＲ０）期间ＳＡＣＴｄ测定，以探讨电针内关穴对窦房传导功能的影响及其意义。结果表明：电针与ＩＨＲ０期间ＳＡＣＴｄ较对照期显著缩短（Ｐ〈０．０１；Ｐ〈０．００１）。自主神经阻滞后，电针该穴不能使ＳＡＣＴｄ进一步缩短（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示；以内关穴为主的电针刺激能改善正常窦房传导功能，其作用似与自主神经中     

重组毕赤酵母表达期菌体浓度的软测量模型

建立了用于在线估计高密度重组毕赤酵母培养过程中处于表达阶段的菌体密度软测量模型。分别对比了基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学软测量模型以及基于人工神经网络（ANN）的软测量模型，并对神经网络软测量模型的拓扑结构以及训练参数进行了初步探讨。当采用基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学模型，模型拟舍值的最大误差为7．63％；在采用神经网络软测量技术时，选取合适的模型结构和输入参数，最大误差为3．12％，而且软测量模型可以很好地反映菌体浓度实时变化趋势。该研究结果表明，在酵母细胞的高密度培养过程中采用基于神经网络的软测量模型具有较高的准确度，可以较好地实时反映发酵过程中菌体浓度的变化。     

Information Fusing Recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Pulse State Based on Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network

Based on the fuzzy characteristic of the pulse state and syndromes differentiation thinking mode of TCM, an information fusing recognition method of pulse states based on SFNN （Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network） is presented in this paper. With the learning ability in parameters and structure, SFNN fuses the measurement information of three pulse-state sensors distributed in Cun, Guan, and Chi location of body for the pulse state recognition. The experimental results show that the percentage of correct recognition with new method is higher than that by single-data recognition one, with fewer off-line train numbers.     

阿司匹林对大鼠脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察阿司匹林对大鼠慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择65只体重为220～250g的Wistar大鼠（雌雄不限），于T10部位置入后路渐进式压迫装置，制作成慢性压迫性脊髓损伤模型。随机分为阿司匹林治疗组（A组，30只）、生理盐水对照组（B组，30只）和假手术组（C组，5只）。应用原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记技术，分别于慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后1、3、7、14、28d做行为学评价，并取材对脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡检测。结果A、B组均发现细胞凋亡，A组与B组细胞凋亡率相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），A组与B组行为学评价相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），神经细胞凋亡情况与运动功能改变具有相关性。结论 阿司匹林对慢性脊髓压迫损伤后所导致的神经细胞凋亡产生抑制作用。     

胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因修饰神经干细胞及其表达的离体实验研究

目的 探讨胞嘧啶脱氨酶(cytimidine deaminase，CD)基因修饰神经干细胞及其基因表达。方法 通过构建真核表达质粒pCMVCD，限制性内切酶消化鉴定后，采用Lipofectamine 2000脂质体介导法转染新生大鼠室管膜下区神经干细胞(Neural stem cells，NSCs)，G418筛选阳性克隆，加入不同浓度的5-氟胞嘧啶(5-Flourocytosine，5-FC)，MTT比色法测定NSCs的生存率。结果 本实验成功地培养并鉴定了神经干细胞，并将CD基因成功地转染了神经干细胞，G418阳性NSCs对低浓度5-FC高度敏感。结论 CD基因修饰神经干细胞的离体实验研究为干细胞治疗研究提供依据。     

Serial in vivo MR tracking of magnetically labeled neural spheres transplanted in chronic EAE mice.

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been shown to attenuate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Central to the future success of NSC transplantation in MS is the ability of transplanted cells to migrate from the site of transplantation to relevant foci of disease. Using magnetically labeled mouse neurospheres and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurospheres, we applied serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the biodynamics of transplanted cell migration in a chronic mouse EAE model. Magnetic labeling did not affect the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of cells as multipotential precursors. Cell migration occurred along white matter (WM) tracts (especially the corpus callosum (CC), fimbria, and internal capsule), predominantly early in the acute phase of disease, and in an asymmetric manner. The distance of cell migration correlated well with clinical severity of disease and the number of microglia in the WM tracts, supporting the notion that inflammatory signals promote transplanted cell migration. This study shows for the first time that hESC-derived neural precursors also respond to tissue signals in an MS model, similarly to rodent cells. The results are directly relevant for designing and optimizing cell therapies for MS, and achieving a better understanding of in vivo cell dynamics and cell-tissue interactions.     

黄连素对2型糖尿病神经病变大鼠神经传导速度的影响

目的观察不同剂量的黄连素(Ber)对2型糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、痛阈及神经传导速度(NCV)的影响。方法采用高脂高果糖饲料喂养1个月再用小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的方法建立2型DPN大鼠模型,将实验动物随机分为4组。正常对照组不予任何处理,DPN对照组予磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)1 mL/kg,低剂量组和高剂量组分别给予Ber 100 mg/kg、187.5 mg/kg灌胃,整个治疗持续8周。用血糖仪测FBG,用热板法测定大鼠痛阈,用BL-420生物功能信号采集记录系统测定NCV。结果低剂量组、高剂量组的FBG均较DPN对照组明显降低(P均<0.05),而DPN对照组大鼠FBG则维持在高血糖水平。DPN对照组大鼠痛阈值明显降低(P<0.05),而高剂量组的痛阈值较DPN对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。两剂量组均可加快NCV,高剂量组对NCV有更加显著的改善(P<0.001)。在用Ber治疗的后期能使明显消瘦的大鼠体质量回升。结论Ber可明显降低2型DPN大鼠的FBG,且大剂量Ber对2型DPN大鼠的周围神经病变有明显的改善作用。     

Time course of muscle atrophy and recovery following a phenol-induced nerve block

Clinically, phenol is used often as a neurolytic agent to treat pain and spasticity. The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of denervation and recovery in several hindlimb muscles following application of a 5% aqueous solution of phenol to the sciatic nerve. Phenol was applied to the sciatic nerve of adult female rats either by intraneural or perineural injection. Axonal degeneration was evident within the sciatic nerve 2 days following phenol application, although variable amounts of damage were observed. By 2 weeks, the soleus and tibialis anterior had atrophied to 63% and 51% of control. Reinnervation of hindlimb muscles occurred between 2 and 4 weeks following the nerve block. Following denervation, the soleus became slower in that all of the fibers expressed the slow myosin heavy chain (MHC). At 5 months, maximum tension of the soleus was 74% of control and the muscle consisted of more fast fibers on average, some of which expressed IIx MHC. These data suggest that 5% phenol causes an injury to the nerve that is more severe than a crush injury, and that reinnervation of denervated muscles may be by motoneurons other than those that originally innervated the muscles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

First clinical experiences with an implantable bone conduction hearing aid at the University of Amsterdam

Summary A transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing aid was implanted in 11 patients who were not suitable for transcranial sound amplification. Audiological and surgical selection criteria were followed strictly. One device had to be explanted and minor revision surgery was needed in two cases for skin irritation and scarring. In general the aids were well tolerated but the amplification power of the external device proved to be insufficient in some patients, in whom bone conduction levels were on the borderline of the selection limits. Correspondence to: W.A. Dreschler     

Neural classifier construction using regularization, pruning and test error estimation

In this paper we propose a method for construction of feed-forward neural classifiers based on regularization and adaptive architectures. Using a penalized maximum likelihood scheme, we derive a modified form of the entropic error measure and an algebraic estimate of the test error. In conjunction with optimal brain damage pruning, a test error estimate is used to select the network architecture. The scheme is evaluated on four classification problems.