Giardia muris infection in mice with concurrent graft-versus-host reaction

The effects of concurrent graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) on the course of Giardia infection in CBA x BALB/c F1 mice have been examined, to test the hypothesis that T-cell-mediated immunity, in the form of a local DTH reaction, alters the host-parasite relationship in favour of the host by changing the physical environment of the parasite. GvHR did not enhance immunity, indeed mice infected with Giardia at a late stage of GvHR had significantly higher faecal cyst excretion and prolongation of the plateau phase of infection, indicating a degree of immunodeficiency.     

Protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi in CBA/Ca mice. III. Protective and suppressive responses induced by immunization with purified antigens

The protective effect of affinity purified antigen has been investigated in an experimental model for malaria which shows a well marked recrudescence of parasitaemia, a feature of the disease in man. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing an epitope common to two genetically distinct cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi (AS and CB), was used to purify a Mr250,000 polymorphic schizont antigen (PSA) from these parasites. The purified preparations were then examined for the presence of specific and cross-reactive epitopes by immunoprecipitation with a panel of MoAb raised against P. chabaudi AS. When tested previously on smears of parasitized blood by immunofluorescence, or against lysates of parasitized erythrocytes by immunoprecipitation, most of these MoAb had been found to be AS specific. When either AS or CB affinity purified Mr250,000 PSA was used as the target, these same MoAb immunoprecipitated both antigens, and in some cases, a number of associated polypeptides (AP) which copurify with the Mr250,000 PSA. Subsequently, mice were immunized with either the purified AS or CB antigens in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Prechallenge sera were compared by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Sera from mice immunized with AS antigen reacted strongly with AS and cross-reacted with CB parasite preparations. Pre-challenge serum from CB antigen immunized mice reacted well with CB, but only faintly with AS preparations. In mice immunized with the AS antigen and then challenged with either AS or CB parasites, the initial parasitaemias were delayed in appearance and the height of the peak parasitaemia reduced, an effect which was most pronounced after challenge with homologous parasites. Only homologous challenge of the mice immunized with CB antigen produced statistically significant modification of the initial parasitaemia. In the immunized mice challenged with homologous parasites, the delayed appearance and slightly reduced peak of the primary parasitaemia was associated with delayed resolution of the patent parasitaemia and significant enhancement of the recrudescence.     

恶性肿瘤局部淋巴结树突状细胞免疫组化研究

本文采用S-100蛋白为免疫学标记，对34例恶性肿瘤局部淋巴结内树突状细胞进行免疫组化定量研究。结果按S-100蛋白阳性细胞数目多少分为增多（7例）、减少（20例）及正常（7例）3组，统计学分析增多组均值（164.4个/mm^2)明显高于对照组（58.3个/mm^2)；减少组均值（16.5个/mm^2)组显低于对照组；而正常组均值（69.8个/mm^2)与对照组无显著差异。     

胃癌患者红细胞免疫功能的变化

运用简单形态学方法测定了３０例胃癌患者红细胞免疫功能，结果表明：胃癌患者红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率及肿瘤红细胞花环率显著低于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０１）及慢性良性胃病患者（Ｐ＜０．０１），而免疫复合物花环率则高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）及慢性良性胃病患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌患者肿瘤红细胞复合物花环率明于低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）；贲门癌肿瘤红细胞花环率显著低于胃窦（体）癌患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）     

十二指肠球部溃疡患者红细胞免疫活性的变化

目的 :探讨十二指肠球部溃疡与红细胞天然免疫功能的关系。方法 :对 5 6例十二指肠球部溃疡患者采用免疫粘附酵母菌花环法和肿瘤红细胞花环试验测定其红细胞CR1活性。结果 :十二指肠球部溃疡患者与正常人相比 ,红细胞C3b受体花环率 (RBC C3bRR)、红细胞粘附肿瘤花环率 (RBC TRR)明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (RBC ICR)明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :十二指肠球部溃疡患者红细胞免疫功能属继发性低下 ,红细胞免疫可能参与了十二指肠球部溃疡发生 ,加强红细胞天然免疫功能对于防治十二指肠球部溃疡可能有重要意义     

Cell mediated immunity (CMI) and post transplant viral infections — Role of a functional immune assay to titrate immunosuppression

Cell mediated immunity (CMI) was assessed by the ImmuKnow assay in 12 patients after kidney transplantation, who presented with viral infection. Treatment included lowering of immunosuppression in all cases and antiviral treatment if indicated. The assay was repeated during the follow up. The ImmuKnow assay at time of presentation of viral infections was 56.8 ± 58.2 (range 3–178; median 22) ATP ng/ml. With the clearance of viral infection and lowering of immunosuppression, the assay showed an increase in the level of CMI at 194.5 ± 118.9 (range 53–409; median 150) ATP ng/ml. There was viral clearance or stabilization in all cases and there was no incidence of allograft rejection. The ImmuKnow assay of CMI can be used to titrate initial immunosuppression reduction and its subsequent increase, in patients with viral infection after transplantation.     

Rat Cytomegalovirus Infection Interferes with Anti-CD4 mAb-(RIB 5/2) Mediated Tolerance and Induces Chronic Allograft Damage

In order to assess the role of heterologous immunity on tolerance induction (TI) by signal 1 modification, the influence of rat cytomegalovirus infection (RCMVI) on TI by a non-depleting monoclonal anti-CD4 mAb (monoclonal antibody) (RIB 5/2) in a rat kidney transplant (KTx) model was investigated. Orthotopic rat KTx (Dark Agouty (DA)-->Lewis (LEW)) was performed after TI with RIB 5/2 [10 mg/kg body weight (BW); day -1, 0, 1, 2, 3; i.p. (intraperitoneal route)]. RCMVI (5x10E5 Plaque forming units [PFU] i.p.) was simultaneously conducted to KTx, 50 days after KTx, and 14 days before and after KTx. RIB 5/2 induced robust allograft tolerance even across the high-responder strain barrier. RCMVI broke RIB 5/2-induced tolerance regardless of the time of RCMVI but did not induce acute graft failure during the 120 days follow-up. RCMVI induced a significant chronic deterioration of allograft function (p<0.01) and enhanced morphological signs of chronic allograft damage (p<0.05). Cellular infiltrates and major histo-compatibility complex (MHC)-expression were more pronounced (p<0.05) in the infected groups. RCMVI induced not only RCMV-specific T-cell response but also enhanced the frequency of alloreactive T cells. RCMV interferes with anti-CD4 mAb-induced tolerance and leads to chronic allograft damage. The data we presented suggest a potentially important role of viral infections and their prophylaxis in clinical TI protocols.     

Prevalence and correlates of diphtheria toxoid antibodies in children and adults in Israel

A seroepidemiological study was performed to evaluate immunity to diphtheria and to determine the correlates of diphtheria toxoid antibody levels among children and adults in Israel. In total, 3,185 sera from an age-stratified sample of children and adults, obtained in 2000-2001, were tested for diphtheria toxoid antibodies by an in-house double-antigen ELISA. A level of immunity or low seropositivity), and 2,378 (74.7%) had antibody levels >or=0.1 IU/mL (full protection or seropositivity). Seronegativity increased significantly in subjects aged >50 years, reaching levels of 9.7%, 12.6% and 18.9% in the groups aged 50-54, 55-59 and >60 years, respectively (p 0.001), with rates of basic immunity following a similar pattern. Subjects born abroad had higher seronegativity rates than those born in Israel (7.7% vs. 4.9%; p 0.019). No difference in diphtheria toxoid antibody levels was found according to other demographical variables, such as gender, Jewish or Arab ethnicity, urban or rural settlements, and the subjects' place of residence. The level of immunity to diphtheria among children and adults in Israel was satisfactory, with the exception of individuals aged >50 years. The risk of diphtheria outbreaks is low, but sporadic cases may occur among individuals lacking basic immunity against the disease.     

乌鲁木齐市维汉族学龄儿童细胞免疫功能及影响因素的探讨

本文应用植物血凝素(PHA)检测了乌市维汉族学龄儿童的细胞免疫功能。结果表明,汉族儿童的PHA红斑直径均值高于维族,不论维汉族男女生均以9～10岁年龄段PHA红斑均值最大,并有随年龄增加而下降的趋势。同时对缺铁性贫血、生长发育水平及营养状况对细胞免疫功能的影响进行了初步探讨。     

脊髓型颈椎病患者体液免疫变化及意义

目的通过脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)血清免疫球蛋白含量与JOA评分的相关性研究,探讨了体液免疫在CSM发病机制中的作用。方法用散射比浊法检测30例CSM患者血清的IgGI、gAI、gM和补体C3含量;并对30例CSM患者进行JOA评分,同时检测正常对照组20例血清的IgGI、gA、IgM和补体C3含量。结果CSM组患者血清IgG含量明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);CSM患者在以JOA评分为基准分组中:重、中度组(0～12分)和轻度组(13～17分),两组间血清IgG含量在两组中有差异(P<0.05)。结论脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者体液免疫可能参与CSM发病及影响到CSM患者JOA评分高低及临床症状的轻重。