Isolation, identification and determination of the major degradation product in alprazolam tablets during their stability assay

The presence of a degradation product of alprazolam tablets that emerged throughout a short-stability assay has been determined and properly characterized. For this purpose an efficient methodology has been successfully applied, including SPE and HPLC methods for isolation and purification, respectively. LC/MS, MS/MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV and IR have been employed for structural elucidation confirming the identity of this impurity as 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-4-amine or triazolaminoquinoleine. The impurity, previously described as a long-term photodegradation product of alprazolam active pharmaceutical ingredient, was rapidly formed in the absence of light, but required the presence of excipients and its rate of formation increased with heat and humidity. In addition, a LC method has been developed and validated including triazolaminoquinoleine for the adequate determination of alprazolam and its mayor degradation product in tablets as pharmaceutical forms.     

1株新型肠道病毒的生物学特性鉴定

目的从1例急性肝炎患儿粪便标本中分离到1株新型肠道病毒,鉴定其生物学特性。方法采用细胞培养、动物试验、中和试验、电子显微镜观察和分子生物学等技术进行鉴定。结果该病毒对乙醚不敏感,在pH3．0及37℃ 60min条件下稳定,56℃30min可以被灭活;能在A549和RD细胞中稳定传代,并致细胞病变;不能被已有肠道病毒免疫血清中和;小白鼠乳鼠对该病毒不敏感;电子显徽镜下可见27-30nm的肠道病毒样颗粒;部分核苷酸序列分析表明,病毒VPI区核苷酸序列与肠道病毒89型的同源性为87％。与其他病毒无有意义的同源性。结论该病毒的生物学特性与肠道病毒相似,但其抗原性和核苷酸序列等与已知肠道病毒有较大差异,可能属于肠道病毒89型的1个新亚型。     

Geographical distribution and epidemiological features of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 1048 strains

A series of 1048 Leishmania strains from Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, isolated between 1981 and 2005, were studied by isoenzyme analysis. The strains were obtained from humans, rodents, dogs and sandflies from 33 countries. The four typically dermotropic species, Leishmania major , L. tropica , L. aethiopica and L. killicki , were found. The viscerotropic species L. donovani and L. infantum, which can occasionally be responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis, are not considered in this paper. Leishmania major was the least polymorphic species (12 zymodemes, 638 strains). Leishmania tropica was characterized by a complex polymorphism varying according to focus (35 zymodemes, 329 strains). Leishmania aethiopica , a species restricted to East Africa, showed a high polymorphism, in spite of a limited number of strains (23 zymodemes, 40 strains). Leishmania killicki , mainly restricted to Tunisia had a single zymodeme for 39 strains. Recently a parasite close to L. killicki (one zymodeme, two strains) was isolated in Algeria, which lead us to revise the taxonomic status of this taxon.     

日本血吸虫副肌球蛋白合成肽的免疫学鉴定

目的 鉴定日本血吸虫副肌球蛋白合成肽Sj97-P22。 方法 27只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机均分为合成肽Sj97-P22免疫组、无关肽免疫组和PBS免疫组,分别于尾基部皮下注射与完全福氏佐剂等体积充分混匀的合成肽Sj97-P22（100 μg）乳化物、无关肽（100 μg）乳化物和PBS乳化物,抗原免疫剂量为100 μg/（只·次）,共免疫2次,间隔1周。于免疫后7~10 d分离各组小鼠脾单个核细胞,运用流式细胞技术三色标记法检测其CD4^＋ T细胞胞内因子干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和白介素4（IL-4）。将Sj97-P22免疫小鼠或PBS免疫小鼠的脾单个核细胞分别与Sj97-P22、无关肽或PBS共培养,采用3H-TdR掺入法观察细胞增殖效果,并用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中IL-2、IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度。 结果 Sj97-P22免疫组小鼠脾脏CD4⁺ T细胞中胞内分泌IFN-γ的细胞百分率为（8.05±0.54）%,显著高于无关肽免疫组[（4.74±1.04）%]和PBS免疫组[（6.51±0.49）%] （P＜0.05）;而分泌IL-4的细胞百分率[（0.60±0.11）%]显著低于PBS免疫组[（1.31±0.27）%]（P＜0.05）,与无关肽免疫组[（0.84±0.08）%]间的差异则无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Sj97-P22可明显刺激Sj97-P22免疫小鼠脾单个核细胞增殖,增殖指数达到3.12±1.59,细胞培养上清中IL-2和IFN-γ浓度分别为（9.13±1.54）和（39.75±9.69）pg/ml,与无关肽和PBS刺激相比显著升高（P＜0.05）,而IL-4浓度在3个刺激物间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Sj97-P22不能刺激PBS免疫鼠脾单个核细胞增殖及培养上清中IL-2、IFN-γ及IL-4浓度变化。 结论 Sj97-P22可能是C57BL/6小鼠特异的Th1型表位。     

中国西部地区牛带绦虫的分子鉴定和生物行为研究进展

本文对近年来涉及中国西部7省(区)10县（市）的牛带绦虫病的流行病学调查和驱虫治疗、成虫标本的形态学观察、11个地理虫株的分子生物学鉴定、牛带绦虫和亚洲带绦虫感染中间宿主猪和牛后囊尾蚴的发育和生物行为观察,以及中间宿主组织病理学变化的比较等进行综述,认为将亚洲带绦虫定为新物种比作为牛带绦虫的亚种更合适。     

混合菌种质量控制检验方法探讨

对混合菌种质量控制检验,结果其分别为出血性大肠埃希菌O157、恶臭假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。直接分离平板是分离细菌的有效方式,增菌液增菌意义不大。     

急性出血性结膜炎及其流行概况研究进展

急性出血性结膜炎是由肠道病毒70型或柯萨奇病毒A24型引起的一种急性传染性眼病,在世界范围内流行。本文就急性出血性结膜炎的流行现状及研究进展进行了综述。     

巴尔通体在厦门市鼠形动物间及各区域间的分布

目的掌握厦门地区鼠形动物巴尔通体流行情况,证实厦门市鼠形动物感染巴尔通体菌属,为控制人巴尔通体流行提供参考依据。方法根据厦门市行政区划和地理状况划片,随机抽取3个不同区作为调查点。在不同生境采用笼日法捕鼠,取血,用细胞培养法分离巴尔通体;PCR扩增细菌gltA基因片段（376 bp）,并进行序列分析,寻查本地巴尔通体属种。结果厦门市以褐家鼠为巴尔通体主要宿主动物（51.21%）,其次为臭鼩鼱（29.09%）、黄胸鼠（16.36%）及小家鼠、黑家鼠和黄毛鼠等（3.33%）。3个区共采集鼠形动物血样330份,培养分离出巴尔通体84株,感染率25.45%,其中以臭鼩鼱感染率最高,为32.29%,黄胸鼠为24.07%、褐家鼠为23.08%;各调查点鼠形动物巴尔通体感染率分别为：湖里22.64%,海沧28.68%,同安24.51%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。查出的巴尔通体分别为B.elizabethae、B.queenslandensis和B.tribocorum,其中B.tribocorum分为A、B两群,B群仅感染臭鼩鼱。结论厦门市鼠形动物巴尔通体感染普遍,且存在宿主多样性和菌株对宿主的选择性。     

紫花苜蓿生药学研究

目的对沈阳与新疆2个产地的紫花苜蓿地上部分进行较系统的生药学研究。方法采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化及薄层鉴别方法。结果2个产地药材生药学特征基本一致。结论显微、理化及薄层鉴别特征可为紫花苜蓿药材的鉴定及质量标准的制定提供科学依据。     

科学测量甘草草酸钙方晶的初步研究

目的：通过方法创新、统一标准,科学、准确地测量甘草草酸钙方晶的长径、中径、短径。方法：采用动态显微鉴别新模式（以数码显微成像自动分析系统与多向旋转微距驱动机制相结合）,并提供有关动态实拍照片。结果：利用新法可获得统一的测量标准,今后所测数据有望得到规范。结论：新法较为科学、合理、可信。