青蒿素在不同溶剂中平衡溶解度和表观油水分配系数的测定

目的 测定青蒿素在不同pH缓冲液和7种非极性溶剂中的平衡溶解度以及在正辛醇-水中的表观油水分配系数,为青蒿素新剂型的研究与开发提供实验基础。方法 采用高效液相–柱后衍生化–紫外检测法测定青蒿素在不同pH缓冲溶液及7种非极性溶剂中的平衡溶解度;采用摇瓶法测定青蒿素的表观油水分配系数。结果 37 ℃时青蒿素在纯水中的平衡溶解度为82.4 μg/mL,随着pH的增大平衡溶解度呈先增大（pH 5.0～6.8）后减小（pH 6.8～8.0）的趋势;37 ℃时青蒿素在肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）、油酸乙酯（EO）和中链甘油酸三酯（MCT）中平衡溶解度较大,分别为10.34、9.28、8.46 mg/mL,青蒿素的正辛醇-水表观油水分配系数P为12.2（lg P＝1.09）。结论 青蒿素水溶性差,在非极性溶剂IPM、EO、MCT中平衡溶解度较大。     

载人航天用TC-5A和TC-13X分子筛的研制及评价

目的 研制载人航天专用分子筛,并进行应用效果评价.方法 分子筛产品的研制采用造粒、烘干、焙烧、二次晶化、二次交换和二次焙烧技术,并通过等温吸附和4床分子筛试验进行静态动态性能评价.结果 研制的TC-5A和TC-13X分子筛产品,CO2和H2O的静态吸附能力分别达到19.7％和29.15％,在4床分子筛动态试验中,吸附床再生温度280℃,干燥床达120℃,干燥床出口空气露点小于-40℃,吸附床CO2动态处理能力为2.17 ～6.17 kg/d.结论 TC-5A和TC-13X分子筛应用于4床分子筛CO2处理系统,能够保证系统稳定运转,CO2处理量可满足3人密闭生存空间对CO2浓度控制的需要.     

积雪草苷平衡溶解度和油水分配系数的测定

目的测定积雪草苷在不同pH介质中的平衡溶解度和正辛醇-水/缓冲液体系中的表观油水分配系数（Papp）。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定积雪草苷浓度,研究其在水和不同pH介质中的平衡溶解度;采用摇瓶法测定积雪草苷在正辛醇-水/缓冲液体系中的Papp。结果 25℃下积雪草苷在水中的平衡溶解度为305.02μg.ml-1,在pH 5.0缓冲液中平衡溶解度更低;积雪草苷在正辛醇-水中Papp为0.908（logPapp=-0.042）,在pH 5.0缓冲液中Papp最高。结论积雪草苷为亲水性药物,但其在水中的溶解度较小。在pH 5.0～8.0范围内,积雪草苷的平衡溶解度随pH的增加而增加,相反油水分配系数随pH的增加而减少。     

医用氧变压吸附制备工艺研究进展

医用氧气属药品,结合医用氧质量要求与变压吸附工艺的工作原理,从分子筛吸附剂改性、多级变压吸附工艺以及变压吸附与膜分离耦合工艺等方面,对医用氧变压吸附制备工艺研究进展进行了综述,提出了存在的问题,展望了医用氧变压吸附制备工艺的发展前景.     

A Game-Theoretic Model of Marketing Skin Whiteners

Empirical studies consistently find that people in less developed countries tend to regard light or “white” skin, particularly among women, as more desirable or superior. This is a study about the marketing of skin whiteners in these countries, where over 80 percent of users are typically women. It proceeds from the following premises: a) Purely market or policy-oriented approaches toward the risks and harms of skin whitening are cost-inefficient; b) Psychosocial and informational factors breed uninformed and risky consumer choices that favor toxic skin whiteners; and c) Proliferation of toxic whiteners in a competitive buyer's market raises critical supplier accountability issues. Is intentional tort a rational outcome of uncooperative game equilibria? Can voluntary cooperation nonetheless evolve between buyers and sellers of skin whiteners? These twin questions are key to addressing the central paradox in this study: A robust and expanding buyer's market, where cheap whitening products abound at a high risk to personal and societal health and safety. Game-theoretic modeling of two-player and n-player strategic interactions is proposed in this study for both its explanatory and predictive value. Therein also lie its practical contributions to the economic literature on skin whitening.     

A Shrinkage Method for Testing the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium in Case‐Control Studies

Testing for the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is often used as an initial step for checking the quality of genotyping. When testing the HWE for case‐control data, the impact of a potential genetic association between the marker and the disease must be controlled for otherwise the results may be biased. Li and Li [2008] proposed a likelihood ratio test (LRT) that accounts for this potential genetic association and it is more powerful than the commonly used control‐only χ² test. However, the LRT is not efficient when the marker is independent of the disease, and also requires numerical optimization to calculate the test statistic. In this article, we propose a novel shrinkage test for assessing the HWE. The proposed shrinkage test yields higher statistical power than the LRT when the marker is independent of or weakly associated with the disease, and converges to the LRT when the marker is strongly associated with the disease. In addition, the proposed shrinkage test has a closed form and can be easily used to test the HWE for large datasets that result from genome‐wide association studies. We compare the performance of the shrinkage test with existing methods using simulation studies, and apply the shrinkage test to a genome‐wide association dataset for Alzheimer's disease.     

中分子物质吸附性能在血液灌流器检测中的必要性及其检测方法的探讨

中分子量物质具有致病作用,其含量高低与血液透析患者病情基本一致,中分子物质吸附性能在血液灌流器检测中具有重要意义.本文对血液灌流器中中分子物质吸附性能的两种体外检测方法进行了探讨.     

垃圾焚烧烟气汞的治理技术与评价

介绍了当前垃圾焚烧烟气中汞形态分布,对利用现有设备脱汞、Na2S喷射、吸附剂捕集等方法在烟气脱汞运用中的优缺点进行分析,建立实验室规模的活性炭吸附-脱附系统,对比氮气氛围不同活性炭对气态汞的吸附性能,以更好地控制垃圾焚烧烟气中气态汞的排放行为。     

重建线粒体动态平衡对NK细胞NK2型活化影响

目的立于“线粒体功能紊乱-细胞异常活化”视角,探讨NK细胞NK2型活化机制。方法将NK-92MI细胞分为空白组、TSLP组、1、5、10μmol·L^-1 Mdivi-1组。ELISA法测定各组IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ水平;蛋白印迹法分析各组p-Drp1、MnSOD蛋白表达;DHE染色及流式检测各组ROS水平;激光共聚焦观察各组线粒体形态。结果ELISA显示,与对照组比较,TSLP组IL-4、IL-5水平明显升高,IFN-γ水平下调(P<0.05);与TSLP组比较,5、10μmol·L^-1 Mdivi-1组IL-4、IL-5水平降低,10μmol·L^-1 Mdivi-1组IFN-γ浓度有所回升(P<0.05)。DHE染色及流式显示,TSLP组ROS水平较对照组升高;而5、10μmol·L^-1 Mdivi-1组ROS水平较TSLP组降低(P<0.05)。共聚焦显示,TSLP刺激后,细胞内大量圆球状线粒体生成,5、10μmol·L^-1 Mdivi-1干预后该现象得到改善。蛋白印迹显示,TSLP组p-Drp1水平明显上调,MnSOD表达下降,Mdivi-1干预则有效逆转了上述变化。结论线粒体动态失衡可能是NK细胞异常活化内在机制之一,其或是调控NK细胞NK2型活化介导的变应性炎症反应的重要靶点。     

蒙脱石及其制剂质量控制研究进展

蒙脱石是一种层状结构、片状结晶的硅酸盐粘土矿,对致病菌及毒素有吸附和固定作用,应用于腹泻等胃肠道疾病。由于其来源于矿物、成分复杂,质量控制存在难点,原料及制剂的分析方法有别于其他药物。杂质矿物、粒度和吸附力检查等项目分别表征了蒙脱石的安全性及有效性,参照国内外质量标准的收载情况,着重介绍蒙脱石原料及散剂质量控制中上述项目的设立目的、方法特点及研究进展。