Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Iliofemoral Vein Thrombosis After Supratentorial Craniotomy

Introduction  Cerebellar hemorrhage following supratentorial craniotomy is rare. Its clinical symptoms are often mild and transient. Discussion  Here, we report a case of cerebellar hemorrhage associated with iliofemoral vein thrombosis as a complication of anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for refractory medial temporal epilepsy.     

Delta down compared with delta pulse pressure as an indicator of volaemia during intracranial surgery

BACKGROUND: Delta pulse pressure (DPP) and delta down (DD) are indicators of volaemia. The threshold value of DPP for discriminating between responders and non-responders to fluid loading (FL) is 13%. This study aimed at comparing DD with DPP during intracranial surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six adult patients undergoing scheduled intracranial surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled. DD and DPP were simultaneously measured every 10 min. A DPP>13% on two consecutive occasions prompted a 250 ml FL. Pairs of data were analysed using regression analysis, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, and prediction probability (Pk). RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between DD and DPP (R2=0.5431, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed an excellent accuracy of DD in predicting a DPP value higher or lower than 13% (area under the curve: 0.967, se: 0.013). The DD threshold associated with the best sensitivity (0.90) and specificity (0.99) was 5 mm Hg. The Pk of DD to predict a DPP value higher or lower than 13% was 0.97 (se: 0.01). A total of 41 FL performed in 19 patients resulted in a decrease of DD and DPP below 5 mm Hg and 13%, respectively, in all but one occasion. CONCLUSIONS: DD is as efficient as DPP to assess hypovolaemia and predict responsiveness to FL in patients undergoing intracranial surgery. A 5 mm Hg DD value can be considered as a valuable threshold for initiating FL. These results support its use during intracranial surgery.     

Post-craniotomy headache: characteristics, behaviour and effect on quality of life in patients operated for treatment of supratentorial intracranial aneurysms

Rocha-Filho PAS, Gherpelli JLD, de Siqueira JTT & Rabello GD. Post-craniotomy headache: characteristics, behaviour and effect on quality of life in patients operated for treatment of supratentorial intracranial aneurysms. Cephalalgia 2008; 28:41–48. London. ISSN 0333-1024
We prospectively studied headache characteristics during 6 months after craniotomy performed for treatment of cerebral aneurysms in 79 patients. Semistructured interviews, headache diaries, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scales, the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and McGill Pain Questionnaire were used. Seventy-two patients had headaches, half before the fifth day after surgery. Changes were observed in headache diagnosis, side and site in the postoperative period. Headache frequency increased immediately after surgery and then decreased over time. Headache frequency was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Pain intensity was higher in women and in patients with more anxiety symptoms. An incidence of post-craniotomy headache of 40% was observed according to International Headache Society classification criteria, 10.7% of the acute and 29.3% of the chronic type. The bodily pain domain of the SF-36 was worse in patients with more anxiety symptoms. Greater frequencies of headache were associated with lower scores on bodily pain and social functioning.     

Optimal reconstruction of the bony defect after frontotemporal craniotomy with hydroxyapatite cement

Numerous procedures have been reported for reconstruction of the bony defect around the sphenoid ridge after a frontotemporal craniotomy. However, it is still often difficult to restore the defect because of the complex curvature. Here we describe a simple cranial reconstruction method using hydroxyapatite cement and gelatin sponges. This procedure has been used on six patients, and satisfactory reconstruction was confirmed in all with postoperative three-dimensional CT scans. Using this technique, the bony defect was completely reconstructed with an appropriate thickness and curvature.     

小骨窗微创手术治疗脑出血的效果分析

目的分析脑出血病人行小骨窗微创手术治疗的效果。方法回顾我院2017年1月—2020年5月的80例脑出血病人的收治情况,按照治疗差异分组,对比两组的手术指标、恢复效果以及并发症。结果观察组手术时长(93.54±14.37)min,出血量(65.76±5.24)mL,住院时间(12.13±1.42)d,数据优于对照组,P<0.05,t=11.1452/29.7471/9.4460;观察组治疗后GCS(13.55±0.37)分,NIHSS(8.37±2.38)分,BI指数(81.05±3.16)分,数据优于对照组,P<0.05,t=14.6969/4.9751/9.3890;观察组(5%)并发症数据低于对照组(20%),P<0.05,χ2=4.114。结论脑出血病人行小骨窗微创手术治疗效果好,预后佳。     

磁共振引导下等体积切除幕上胶质瘤

目的探讨应用立体定向技术和神经导航系统辅助等体积切除幕上胶质瘤。方法回顾性总结1995年10月至2003年8月完成的114例磁共振引导下幕上胶质瘤等体积切除病例,其中77例施行了立体定向开颅切除,37例行神经导航手术。对术式的优点和注意事项进行分析。结果立体定向开颅组均全切肿瘤。术后一过性运动障碍加重6例,语言障碍加重3例。导航手术组肿瘤全切34例,次全切除3例。术后出现不同程度的肢体肌力下降和(或)语言障碍7例。二组共有2例留有永久性轻瘫,1例不全性失语,其余均在短期内恢复。结论在磁共振引导下,应用立体定向开颅术和神经导航手术可对大脑半球不同部位的胶质瘤行影像学等体积切除,微导管法简便、实用,有助于提高肿瘤的全切除率和降低并发症。     

桥小脑角入路术后脑脊液鼻漏

目的　探讨桥小脑角开颅术中减少脑脊液 (CSF)鼻漏产生的措施及治疗原则。方法　结合文献报道 ,回顾性分析 2 4 0例桥小脑角区手术后CSF鼻漏的临床资料。结果　术后并发 8例CSF鼻漏 ,均因颞骨气腔区骨质破坏 ,CSF经咽鼓管流出所致。结论　掌握颞骨气腔区形成的解剖特点 ,减少骨质破坏 ,加强封闭可能的漏口 ,可有效地减少鼻漏发生     

标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的探讨

目的 :探讨重型颅脑损伤的手术方式。方法 :采用标准大骨瓣开颅及传统手术入路治疗 10 2例严重额、颞部脑损伤患者。结果 :标准大骨瓣开颅治疗 5 6例 ,病死率为 35 .72 % ,JennetⅤ级治愈率为 41.0 7% ;经传统额颞瓣治疗 46例 ,死亡率5 6.5 2 % ,JennetⅤ级治愈率为 2 1.7%。两组数据经统计学处理均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :手术方式的选择是提高疗效的关键 ,标准大骨瓣开颅大大提高疗效     

盐酸纳洛酮对颅脑手术病人血浆和脑脊液β-内啡肽的影响

目的:通过观察在颅脑手术中盐酸纳洛酮对血浆和脑脊液中β-内啡肽(β-EP)的影响,探讨盐酸纳洛酮的脑保护作用.方法:32例择期颅脑手术病人ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为纳洛酮组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组).采用放射免疫分析法检测血浆及脑脊液中β-EP的含量.结果:纳洛酮组在给药后1 h( T2期)、给药后2 h(T3期)和给药后3 h(T4期)血浆β-EP含量分别为(187.76±81.37)、(109.56±45.92)和(69.37±21.66) ng*L-1,脑脊液中含量分别为(2 169.61±416.37)、(1 369.85±433.55)和(987.62±278.19) ng*L-1,均较给药前(T1期)即开始切硬膜时低(P<0.05),纳洛酮组血浆和脑脊液中的β-EP均低于对照组同期值(P<0.05).结论:颅脑手术围术期应用纳洛酮可以使脑脊液和血浆中β-EP含量降低,从而说明应用纳洛酮可以减轻脑水肿和损伤,保护脑细胞.     

Endonasal Ethmoidectomy and Bifrontal Craniotomy with Craniofacial Approach for Resection of Frontoethmoidal Osteoma Causing Tension Pneumocephalus

Tension pneumocephalus is an unusual, potentially life-threatening complication of frontal fossa tumors. We present an uncommon case of a frontoethmoidal osteoma causing a tension pneumocephalus and neurological deterioration prompting a combined endonasal ethmoidectomy and bifrontal craniotomy with craniofacial approach for resection. A 68-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of worsening headache, slowness of speech, and increasing confusion. Standard computed tomography scan revealed a marked tension pneumocephalus with ventricular air and 1-cm midline shift to the right. Further studies showed a calcified left ethmoid mass and a left anterior cranial-base defect. A team composed of neurosurgery and otolaryngology performed a combined endonasal ethmoidectomy and bifrontal craniotomy with craniofacial approach to resect a large frontoethmoid bony tumor. No abscess or mucocele was identified. The skull base defect was repaired with the aid of a transnasal endoscopy, a titanium mesh, and a pedunculated pericranial flap. Postoperatively, the pneumocephalus and the patient's symptoms completely resolved. Pathology was consistent with a benign osteoma. This is an uncommon case of a frontoethmoidal osteoma associated with tension pneumocephalus. Recognition of this entity and timely diagnosis and treatment, consisting of an endonasal ethmoidectomy and a bifrontal craniotomy with craniofacial approach, may prevent potential life-threatening complications.