Ewing's Sarcoma with Neuroblastoma-like Features

Four tumors with the clinical and light microscopic features of Ewing's sarcoma contained cells that possessed to varying degrees ultrastructural features suggestive of neuroblastoma. These neoplasms were considered to be Ewing's sarcoma of bone by radiologic examination and on clinical grounds, and light microscopy was consistent with the diagnosis in every case. It is suggested that the ultrastructural morphology of Ewing's sarcoma is broader than had been supposed and that the presence of dendritic processes in a small cell tumor of bone should not exclude the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma.     

山药配方颗粒溶化性差的原因分析与解决策略

山药配方颗粒由山药饮片经水煎煮提取、分离、浓缩、干燥、制粒而成,具有调剂简单、使用方便、免煎易服等优势。然而,因山药富含淀粉与黏液质类成分,其提取物粉末与配方颗粒溶化性差,在5 min内难以完全溶化或分散,不溶物即使在水中静置24 h也难以完全溶散,影响了配方颗粒的质量评价与患者的服药心理。因此,通过研究山药提取物及其配方颗粒的溶化过程与机制,发现山药特殊的化学组成、高温提取过程中淀粉的变性及其与蛋白质等物质的复合、喷雾干燥过程中“衣膜”的收缩形成等因素综合叠加,最终形成“衣膜”包覆淀粉粒的特殊微观结构,是山药配方颗粒溶化性差的根本原因。基于课题组前期对粉体结构-性质-功能的研究,笔者提出采用粉体改性工艺改善山药配方颗粒溶化性的技术策略,并通过实验证明改性处理后的山药配方颗粒能在2 min内实现全部溶散,解决了该技术难题,可为其他类似品种的溶化性改善提供借鉴,推动中药配方颗粒产业的高质量发展。     

益元止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨以四君子汤加味研制而成的益元止泻颗粒治疗脾虚泄泻的作用机制。方法 观察益元止泻颗粒对大黄煎剂所致脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果 益元止泻颗粒对实验性脾虚泄泻小鼠的肠道菌群有调节作用,能增加有益菌如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量。结论 益元止泻颗粒能调节肠道微生态平衡,从而对脾虚泄泻的恢复有重要影响。     

心痛安颗粒剂对不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板功能及凝血系统的影响

目的 :观察心痛安颗粒剂对不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板和凝血系统的作用。方法 :6 0例不稳定性心绞痛患者随机分为心痛安组 (30例 ,常规西药加心痛安颗粒剂治疗 )与对照组 (30例 ,单用常规西药治疗 ) ,观察治疗前后血小板最大聚集率 (Ma% )血小板 α颗粒膜糖蛋白 (GMP- 140 )和 D-二聚体 (D- D)的变化。结果 :治疗后 ,心痛安颗粒组的 Ma% ,GMP- 140和 D- D经治疗后明显下降 ,下降幅度明显大于对照组。结论 :心痛安颗粒剂可能通过抑制血小板聚集、活化和纤维蛋白合成而发挥治疗不稳定性心绞痛的作用。     

水提干法制粒的中药配方颗粒溶化性与粉体物理属性相关性研究

目的 为加快实现中药生产过程中对中药配方颗粒的质量控制,从粉体物料属性出发,探究其对水提工艺下干法制粒的中药配方颗粒溶化性影响机制。方法 以60种中药配方颗粒及中间体混合粉为研究对象,通过对各品种混合粉粉体属性进行测定,建立粉体物性参数与颗粒溶化性关联模型。采用二维矩阵热点图对各品种间及物性指标间相似性进行分析,结合系统聚类分析对其进行归类,并运用多元统计方法初步筛选影响水提工艺下中药配方颗粒溶化性的关键因素。结果 各品种间粉体物性参数相关系数在-0.951～1.000,并按照各品种物理属性大致可以分为5类,结合变量投影响应值（variable importance for the projection,VIP）、自变量回归系数与方差膨胀因子（variance inflation factor,VIF）分析,最终筛选出其休止角（α）、含水量（HR）、吸湿性（H）与比表面积（SSA）4个指标为影响中药配方颗粒溶化性的关键物料属性（critical material attributes,CMAs）。结论 基于中药粉体物料属性与数据分析初步探寻影响水提条件下干法制粒的中药配方颗粒的溶化性机...     

参芍颗粒对犬血液流变学的影响

目的：观察参芍颗粒对结扎犬冠状动脉前降支造成血瘀症模型的血液流变学的影响。方法：采用结扎犬冠状动脉前降支造成血瘀症模型,于造模前、造模后15,30,60,90min分别股静脉采血测定血液流变学指标、体外血栓长度、血小板粘附率和全血粘度（切变率为5－200／s)。结果：参芍颗粒可缩短血栓长度、降低全血粘度、血小板粘附度,抑帛血栓形成。结论：参芍颗粒有改善实验性犬血瘀症的血液流变学指标的作用。     

HPLC法测定胃脘舒冲剂中甘草酸的含量

用高效液相色谱法测定胃脘舒冲剂中甘草酸的含量,采用 μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｃ_（１８）柱, ３． ９ ｍｍ ×３００ ｍｍ,流动相甲醇－１． ５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ冰醋酸水溶液（６８： ３２）,流速 １． ０ ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长 ２５４ ｎｍ,测定结果平均回收率为９７．４１％,ＲＳＤ＝１．２％。     

Evidence for an inherent,ATP-stimulated uptake of calcium into chromaffin granules

Summary Partially purified chromaffin granules (granular fraction), crude mitochondria (mitochondrial fraction) and a microsomal fraction were prepared from bovine adrenals by differential centrifugation and characterized by their catecholamine content, succinate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. During isotonic incubation with 0.1 mM ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ all fractions showed an uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺, which was stimulated by ATP. In addition, after incubation the granular fraction was further fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation (2.0–1.3 M sucrose; 170,000g·60 min). In some of these experiments the granular fraction was incubated simultaneously with ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ and [³H](-)noradrenaline to compare the uptake of both. The rate of uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction (characterized by the highest catecholamine content and the lowest succinate dehydrogenase activity) was doubled by ATP. The ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (0.1 mM), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) (0.1 mM), azide (1 mM), carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (20M), atractyloside (50 M), ruthenium red (40 M) and amobarbital (1 mM). This inhibition pattern was different from that of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the microsomal fraction, but it was similar to that of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction. However, the following differences are incompatible with the view that a mitochondrial contamination, with a highly active uptake, is responsible for the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules: a) The uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction was insensitive to 1 mM amobarbital, whereas this agent inhibited the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules. b) Replacement of ATP by succinate stimulated the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction only. c) The dependence of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ on the concentration of ATP (0.1–5 mM) was determined: while uptake into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules exhibited saturation kinetics, that into the mitochondrial fraction was linearly related to the concentration of ATP. Interestingly, uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into those fractions of chromaffin granules that are known to be contaminated with mitochondria (1.6 M sucrose fraction) exhibited bot a saturable and a nonsaturable component. d) The uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction was more sensitive to 0.1 mM DNP than the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules.The comparison of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ with that of [³H](-)noradrenaline into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules revealed that amobarbital, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), DNP and increasing concentrations of ATP had the same influence on both uptake processes. From our results we conclude that an inherent, ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ exists in chromaffin granules. The effects of agents on the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ and/or [³H](-)noradrenaline into chromaffin granules are discussed with regard to the granular uptake mechanisms.This work was supported by the Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftSome results were reported at the 18th Spring Meeting 1977 of the Deutsche Pharmakologische Gesellschaft (Burger and Häusler 1977)     

Primary infiltrating signet ring carcinoma of the eyelids

A 61-year old man presented with a five-year history of a swelling initially developing in his right lower lid that progressed to involve the lateral canthal skin and eventually the upper lid and anterior orbit. He was discovered to have an infiltrating, poorly differentiated, mucin-producing carcinoma. Systemic work-up failed to disclose a visceral malignancy, and it was concluded that his tumor was primary in the lids, arising from an adnexal sweat gland. Three other reports in the literature also share almost identical clinical and pathologic features, in that all of the earlier reports dealt with middle-aged or elderly men who had diffusely indurated lids. Histopathologically, the tumor cells grow diffusely in a sclerotic stroma, and resemble the "histiocytoid" variant of metastatic breast carcinoma to the lids in women. Ultrastructural studies in our case point toward an apocrine origin, although earlier authors have favored an eccrine origin. Despite its indolent clinical course, the tumor is capable of producing regional and distant metastases on long-term follow-up. Complete local excision, possibly necessitating radical surgery, is probably the preferred method of treatment, but local radiotherapy may have a beneficial effect in retarding spread of the disease.