A liquid-scintillation-based primary standardization of Pb

A new radioactivity solution standard of ²¹⁰Pb has been developed and will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as standard reference material (SRM) 4337. This new ²¹⁰Pb solution standard is contained in a 5 mL flame-sealed borosilicate glass ampoule, consists of (5.133±0.002) g of a nominal 1 mol L⁻¹ nitric acid solution, has a density of (1.028±0.002) g mL⁻¹ at 20 °C, has carrier ion concentrations of about 11 μg Pb²⁺ and 21 μg Bi³⁺ per gram of solution, and is certified to contain a massic activity (9.037±0.22) kBq g⁻¹ as of the reference time 1200 EST, 15 June 2006. All of the uncertainties cited above correspond to standard uncertainties multiplied by a coverage factor k=2. The standardization for the ²¹⁰Pb content of the solution was based on 4πβ liquid scintillation (LS) measurements using CIEMAT/NIST ³H-standard efficiency tracing (CNET). Confirmatory determinations were also performed by high-resolution HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, by 2π spectrometry with a Si surface barrier detector of separated ²¹⁰Po, and by 4πβ(LS)–γ(NaI) anticoincidence counting.     

Head and Neck Histoplasmosis—A Nightmare for Clinicians and Pathologists! Experience at a Tertiary Referral Cancer Centre

Histoplasmosis is a rarely reported deep mycotic infection in the Indian context. Oral or oropharyngeal manifestation can occur as an isolated symptom or as part of a disseminated process associated with immunosuppression especially with HIV and diabetes. Five cases of head and neck histoplasmosis accrued over 6 years in a tertiary referral cancer institute were reviewed. All these patients presented clinically as cancer. In three patients, the marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia led to a mistaken biopsy diagnosis of malignancy following which definitive surgical treatment was performed. The subsequent excision revealed typical features of histoplasmosis. Isolated oral presentation of histoplasmosis can mimic malignancy both clinically as well as pathologically, leading to potentially disastrous consequences. A high index of suspicion in those with overt or hidden immunosuppression and a deep wedge biopsy to demonstrate the organisms in the subepithelial tissue is recommended. This work has been presented in the “Slide seminar on Infections and Infestations” in the IAP-ID pre conference CME in APCON 2006.     

鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎的临床观察

目的:观察鱼腥草止咳口服液对难治性肺炎患者的临床疗效,并探讨其作用机理。方法:65例患者随机分成两组,治疗组35例,对照组30例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在同对照组治疗基础上加用鱼腥草止咳口服液口服,观察两组患者症状及体征的改善情况,并检测治疗前后外周血IL-2和TNF-α的变化。结果:治疗后总有效率:治疗组为94.3%,对照组为83.3%,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组在增加外周血IL-2及降低TNF-α水平方面明显优于对照组。结论:鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎具有显著疗效,尤其在镇咳、平喘、抗炎、退热及促进排痰、肺部啰音和炎症消失、毒副作用等方面具有明显优势。     

A retrospective study on the use of oral morphine in cancer pain

The authors report a retrospective study of 390 cancer pain patients tested with oral morphine during a four-month period. Initial pain scores were reduced to one half after one week of treatment and then maintained throughout the study period. Mean daily dosages of morphine were lower in those patients 65 years and older. No significant changes in performance in relation to therapy were noted except for an increase in hours of sleep. An accurate titration of dosage and continued control of side effects are the main requirements of this method of administration. The presence of side effects and the cause of interruption of treatment are reported.     

颞区液态硅胶注射后的并发症和处理

自１９９２年以来共收治２０例颞区液态硅胶注射后出现并发症的病人。综合其并发症主要有：（１）局部凹凸不平；（２）疼痛或压痛；（３）在局部或向周围皮下组织内浸润形成硬结；（４）肿胀或青紫。采用颞部发际内切口取出注射之硅胶，对颞部凹陷者于颞区纵切口处辅加一横切口，形成适当大小的蒂在前方的颞肌筋膜瓣翻转１８０°充填颞区，对向眼周及面颊浸润者采用重睑切口、下睑袋整形切口或鱼尾纹切口取出硅胶或同时行上下睑整形术，所有病人都自觉满意。认为利用上述这些切口一方面能满意地取出注射之硅胶，又不会在面部留下明显刀口瘢痕。颞肌筋膜瓣因其血运丰富、不被吸收、质地柔软，不失为一种良好的颞区凹陷充填材料。     

应用人自体血清培养人口腔黏膜上皮的实验研究

目的 研究人自体血清培养人口腔黏膜移植生长的生物学特性，为组织工程化尿道提供新材料。方法 将人自体血清培养黏膜移植于裸鼠体内，分别于移植后2、3、4、6周观察培养黏膜生长与转归，应用anti—HLA免疫荧光鉴定成活黏膜组织属性，应用抗人Ⅳ型胶原及抗人层黏蛋白为基底膜形成指标。结果 裸鼠体内移植培养黏膜成活生长分化良好，anti—HLA免疫荧光证实为移植的培养人黏膜组织；免疫组化发现移植后3周开始形成基底膜，4周形成完整的基底膜。结论 自体血清培养的人口腔黏膜可形成功能完整的上皮组织。     

小柴胡汤口服液药效作用的研究

观察了小柴胡汤口服液的主要药理作用。研究表明,小柴胡汤口服液有显著抑制角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠踝关节水肿(p<0.05),保护四氯化碳所致的大鼠急性肝功能损害,有极显著降低血清SGPT及LDH的作用(P<0.01)。对家兔发热反应也有较好的抑制作用。此外,小柴胡汤口服液对小鼠兔疫反应也有一定的增强作用,可促进小鼠碳粒廓清速率,提高血清溶血素水平及增强鸡红细胞所致的迟发性过敏反应。     

复方决明子口服液的制备工艺研究

目的 :用正交法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。方法 :以决明子中蒽醌的含量及浸出物的含量为指标 ,应用L9(3′)正交试验法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。结果 :最佳提取条件为 :加 1 0倍量水 ,煎煮 3次 ,每次 1 .5h。结论 :优越工艺验证表明 ,最佳提取工艺为A1 B2 C1 。说明优选工艺稳定可靠。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射美容的临床与组织学评估

目的　探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症的临床与组织学特点。方法　对 1998年至 2 0 0 3年接诊的 5 2例在外院注射了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 ,并引起并发症患者的临床资料进行了总结与组织学研究。为了便于比较 ,另选 12例 1988年～ 1994年期间接受液态硅胶注射的患者取出的组织病理切片与之对照研究。结果　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症以局部硬结最多见 ,而且多发生在注射后 1～ 2年左右时间里。人体组织对注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的反应为多核异物巨细胞增生 ,并形成肉芽肿。与液态硅胶比较 ,注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶引起组织的淋巴细胞反应弱 ,材料周围的纤维包膜较薄。机体内长期存留的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶可能会引起局部组织变性反应。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶作为软组织填充剂的安全性需要进一步研究。     

Failure of oral implants: aetiology, symptoms and influencing factors

The use of oral implants opened a wide range of prosthetic treatment possibilities in edentulous patients. Although the reported success rates of oral implants are high, failures do occur. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the aetiology, the signs and symptoms and the possible influencing factors of implant failure. Possible causes of implant failure are thought to be infection of the periimplant tissues, occlusal overload, or a combination of both. Nevertheless, pinpointing one of these as the aetiological factor in a particular case is difficult and should be handled reluctantly. Although the cause might seem obvious, influencing factors could play a role as well. Gaining insight into these processes might stimulate the adoption of preventive action and therefore increase the predictability of the treatment outcome with oral implants. Received: 4 April 1997 / Accepted: 27 November 1997