氯喹对全肝缺血再灌注大鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨氯喹对全肝缺血再灌注大鼠急性肺损伤（Au）的保护作用及其机制。方法 健康SD大鼠90只，雌雄不拘，体重300～350g，随机分为3组：假手术组（A组）、全肝缺血再灌注组（B组）、全肝缺血再灌注＋氯喹组（C组），每组30只。阻断肝门及肝上、肝下下腔静脉20min时开放血流，建立大鼠全肝缺血再灌注模型。C组于缺血前即刻经股静脉注射氯喹10mg／kg，A、B组给予等量生理盐水。于缺血20min、再灌注4h时每组分别处死10只大鼠，抽取门静脉血，测定血浆D-乳酸、内毒素（ETX）、肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-a）浓度，另外10只用于观察再灌注48h时大鼠生存率，并在电镜下观察肺组织超微结构的改变。结果 缺血再灌注可导致大鼠缺血期和再灌注期门静脉血D-乳酸、ETX、TNF-a浓度升高，大鼠生存率降低，肺组织超微结构严重受损，氯喹可减弱全肝缺血再灌注导致的上述改变。结论 氯喹对全肝缺血再灌注大鼠ALI有一定的保护作用，通过抑制磷脂酶A2激活，降低肠粘膜屏障通透性升高，降低肠黏膜内毒素移位。     

腹腔非胃手术后胃瘫综合征22例的临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔非胃手术后胃瘫综合征的病因、诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析1972年至2004年间22例腹腔非胃手术后胃瘫综合征患者的临床资料。结果22例患者在手术后4-6d进食后出现上腹膨胀、恶心呕吐，吐物含有胆汁性胃液及食物。检查均发现上腹膨满、振水音明显和肠鸣音减弱。胃肠减压管每天可吸出1000-3000ml胆汁样胃液。行胃造影（稀钡或60％泛影葡胺）22例均显示胃无蠕动，呈松弛、静止状态；观察5—6h造影剂仍滞留胃内。予以持续胃肠减压、营养支持和维持水电解质、酸碱平衡；采用促进胃肠动力药物等非手术治疗；100％的患者于胃瘫发生后5—25（平均14．2）a恢复胃动力。结论腹腔非胃手术后胃瘫综合征是多种因素所致胃功能改变，经非手术可以治愈。     

急性冠脉综合征中妊娠相关蛋白-A与斑块不稳定性

目的探讨妊娠相关蛋白-A(PAPP-A)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)中的变化及其与斑块不稳定性的关系。方法26例冠脉正常者作为对照组,稳定性心绞痛(SA)组22例,ACS组40例,包括不稳定性心绞痛(UA)20例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)20例。定量检测外周血PAPP-A、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)。对所有冠脉造影显示狭窄≥30%的病变进行影像学分析。结果ACS中PAPP-A含量(13·19±4·04)mIU/L明显高于SA(5·47±3·00)mIU/L(P<0·01)及对照组(5·09±2·19)mIU/L(P<0·01);并且与CRP(r=0·62P<0·01)、复杂性狭窄的数量(r=0·45P<0·05)有显著的正相关。结论PAPP-A在ACS患者外周血中明显升高,可能与斑块的不稳定性有关,对ACS的危险度分层可能具有一定的价值。     

Blastomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, causes severe disease and substantial mortality in those immunocompromised by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or malignancy. In solid organ transplant recipients, the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes have not been fully described. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-series at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. Case patients were solid organ transplant recipients with blastomycosis. RESULTS: From 1986 to 2004, we identified 11 cases of post-transplant blastomycosis with 64% occurring between 2000 and 2004. Onset of infection occurred a median of 26 months post transplantation with near equal distribution before and after the first year of transplantation. Rejection did not precede any case of post-transplant blastomycosis. Opportunistic co-infections were common, occurring in 36% of patients. Pneumonia was the most common clinical presentation and was frequently complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extrapulmonary disease predominantly involved the skin and spared the central nervous system. The overall mortality rate was 36%; however, this increased to 67% in those with ARDS. None of the surviving patients relapsed or received routine secondary antifungal prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Blastomycosis is an uncommon infection following solid organ transplantation that is frequently complicated by ARDS, dissemination, and opportunistic co-infection. After cure, post-transplant blastomycosis may not require lifelong antifungal suppression.     

浅析《内经》之闭经证治

收集了《内经》有关闭经方面的相关阐述从而探讨闭经的病因病机、诊断与治疗,并详细记述了《内经》对血滞经闭和血枯经闭这两类型经闭的不同治疗法度。     

更年期综合征相关因素研究

目的：探讨更年期综合征发生的相关因素。方法：用Kupperman改良量表、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、生活事件量表（LES）、世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL-BRIEF）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS），对84例年龄在45-55岁的妇女进行调查，并测定其生殖激素。结果：Kupperman改良量表评分总分与各因子分相关系数（r）如下：LES总分（0．709）、LES负性值（0．700）、WHOQOL-BRIEF中的生理分量表（-0．683）、SDS（0．642）、SAS（0．630）、WHOQOL-BRIEF中的心理分量表（-0．548）、EPQ-N（0．546）、WHOQOL-BRIEF中的社会关系分量表（-0．449）、WHOQOL-BRIEF中的环境分量表（-0．358）、泌乳素（0．298）、LES正性值（0．223）。结论：更年期综合征的发生不仅仅与激素的改变有关，而是生物、社会、心理等多方面的综合因素共同作用的结果。     

细胞分化帮助剂提高低浓度As2O3对肝癌细胞凋亡作用的体外实验

目的 研究细胞分化帮助剂（CDA-Ⅱ）促进低浓度三氧化二砷（As2O3）对肝癌细胞株HepG-2，BEL-7402凋亡的协同效应。方法 用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测单用CDA-Ⅱ或As2O3和联用对肝癌细胞株HepG-2，BEL-7402生长及抑制率的影响；用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）法检测药物对细胞膜的毒性反应；流式细胞仪（FCM）分析细胞周期和凋亡率变化。结果 单用CDA-Ⅱ和As2O3分别为3．0mg／ml和50μmol／L时，肝癌细胞株BEL-7402，HepG-2发生凋亡达到最大值，而联用5μmol／LAs2O3＋1mg／mlCDA-Ⅱ可达到同样效果；结果显示：该浓度下HepG2的抑制率可达88％；BEL-7402的抑制率在100％；LDH检测表明联用比单用As2O310μmol／L更安全。流式细胞仪结果显示凋亡率联合组为40．2％，明显高于单用组As2O3（11．3％）或CDA-Ⅱ（8．7％）。结论 细胞分化帮助剂1mg／mlCDA-Ⅱ联用5μmol／LAs2O3可促进肝癌细胞株HepG-2，BEL-7402凋亡，可以明显降低As2O3的使用浓度，减少对正常细胞的毒副作用。二者联用具有协同作用。     

Restless legs syndrome: diagnosis and review of management options

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the commonest movement disorders affecting sleep and also daytime functioning. The prevalence may be 8%–10% of the white Caucasian population. The diagnosis is simple and is based on a well-validated clinical questionnaire, yet misdiagnosis is common and the condition remains underdiagnosed and consequently inappropriately treated, often causing great distress to the sufferers. In spite of robust evidence for effective treatment of RLS, patients may often be told to “put up with the symptoms” and suffer the consequence of years of poor sleep which may lead to major lifestyle changes. This review addresses the diagnostic issues, the differential diagnosis, and the evidence base for treatment of the common condition.     

The basis for treatment in multiple sclerosis

Contemporary licensed treatments for multiple sclerosis fail to provide a solution for the disease because their effects are limited to a modest reduction in the frequency of new episodes. They do not reduce disability or materially influence the progressive phase of the disease. A contemporary strategy for management requires a more detailed analysis of the separate contributions to the clinical features and overall course made by inflammation, axonal injury, compensatory mechanisms, and remyelination. From this formulation emerges the need either for early and fully effective suppression of the inflammatory response, limiting the damage to all components of the axon-glial unit; or the development of strategies for axonal and myelin repair that solve the issues of controlled differentiation, delivery and timing of these cell and growth factor-based interventions.     

原位心脏移植30例临床分析

目的对30例心脏移植进行分析总结。方法30例患者中,24例的原发病为扩张型心肌病,4例为终末期瓣膜性心肌病,1例为终末期缺血性心肌病,1例为病毒性心肌炎行双心室辅助术后1个月。均在体外循环下行原位心脏移植术,3例采用标准心脏移植术式,27例采用双腔静脉吻合心脏移植术式,体外循环时间(75±24)min,主动脉阻断时间(72±8)min。术后采用环孢素A、霉酚酸酯和泼尼松预防排斥反应,根据血环孢素A的浓度调整CsA的用量。术后早期,每天行心肌内心电图及超声心动多普勒监测,以便早期发现急性排斥反应,必要时行心内膜心肌活检。结果30例患者中,术后死亡5例,3例死于低心排,1例死于感染所致的多器官功能衰竭,1例死于出血。术后并发症有低心排、心律失常、三尖瓣返流、右心衰竭、细菌和真菌感染、肾功能异常及血糖升高,上述并发症除导致死亡者外,其余经治疗好转;4例发生急性排斥反应,给予甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,并调整免疫抑制剂的用量后排斥反应逆转。结论术后并发症的预防和及时正确的处理,是心脏移植成功的关键,尤其是对感染、急性排斥反应、右心功能不全及肾功能异常的预防和处理。