不同处理工艺对真空油炸毛豆品质的影响

研究了2种预处理工艺结合真空油炸对毛豆水分质量分数、脂肪质量分数和色差的影响.结果表明,与冷冻预处理和直接油炸(对照)相比,预干燥可以有效地降低毛豆的脂肪质量分数,且没有显著性地影响毛豆的色泽(P>0.05).随着前期热风预干燥时间的延长,真空油炸后毛豆的水分与脂肪质量分数逐渐减小,毛豆油炸干燥速度逐渐降低;另一方面,随着真空油炸时间的延长,毛豆自由水分逐渐减少,其后期干燥速率也逐渐降低.     

Effects of chelating agents on the rheological property of cervical mucus

As an ongoing effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the calcium-dependent fertility regulation process, the viscoelastic properties of the mucus obtained from lamb cervix and human semen, as well as their water and total protein contents after exposure to EDTA, a chelating agent, or Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicidal agent, were examined. The viscosity was measured using a Cone Plate Digital Viscometer, while the water and total protein contents were determined by the lyophilization process and the Lowry method, respectively. The significant changes in the rheological properties of mucus, such as its viscosity and the water content, upon exposure to EDTA were demonstrated. The viscosity of cervical mucus and human semen were significantly increased by EDTA treatment (as compared to the controls): lamb cervical mucus (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 cps) and human semen (5.0 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.3 cps), respectively. The hydration rate was decreased by EDTA treatment as compared with the control (93.6 ± 0.7 vs. 96.8 ± 0.8%). Among tested samples, the reduction in the percentage of sperm penetration through the cervical mucus was the highest in the mucus containing EDTA, which had the lowest water content (93.6 ± 0.7%), indicating that there is a positive relationship between the hydration rate of the cervical mucus and its ability to permit the penetration of spermatozoa. This result indicates that spermicidal activity exerted by high concentrations of EDTA is in part due to its effect on the rheological properties of cervical mucus or semen.     

Reversible shifts in the Ca2+-dependent release of aspartate and glutamate from hippocampal slices with changing glucose concentrations

It is known that low glucose concentrations increase the aspartate and decrease the glutamate content of brain tissue both in vivo and in vitro. To see whether these changes occur in the transmitter compartment or not, the release of aspartate and glutamate evoked by electrical-field stimulation or by high K+ was followed in slices of rat hippocampus superfused with 5 or 0.2 mM glucose. Superfusion with 0.2 mM glucose increased the evoked release of aspartate about ten times and that of glutamate about threefold. This shift in the ratio of aspartate to glutamate released was accompanied by a similar increase in the relative amount of aspartate contained in the slices. The high evoked release of aspartate and glutamate was well maintained, provided 0.5 mM glutamine was added to the medium. Changing the concentration of glucose after the first period of stimulation rapidly altered the relative amounts of aspartate and glutamate released but not the enhanced release of glutamate. The large evoked release of both aspartate and glutamate in 0.2 mM glucose was almost entirely Ca2+-dependent. The relative amounts of aspartate and glutamate released by 50 mM K+ also changed when the glucose concentration was reduced. Results suggest two effects of low glucose concentrations: an increase in the overflow of synaptically released glutamate due to a decreased uptake and an increase in the proportion of aspartate to glutamate formed and released from the transmitter pool. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that these two transmitters can be released in different proportions from the same terminals.     

Computerised and technical navigation in total knee-arthroplasty

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the precision, concordance, practicability and the early clinical outcome of the use of a computerised navigation system in a comparative study with a group of 100 patients. Two groups of 50 patients each underwent implantation of a bicondylar knee prosthesis either by means of the freehand navigation system or by means of technical instrumentation. We found that the computerised navigation system provided a higher precision than the technically instrumented implantation: 94% of the prostheses implanted with the navigation system have an alignment within a range of -3° to 3° on of the Mikulicz line. Only 46% of the patients operated by means of the technical instrumentation reached this aspired result. Furthermore, the navigation system showed smaller ranges in the deviation of the aspired alignment. The radiological and computer-modeled alignment values differed both pre- and postoperatively, but to a larger extent before surgery. The varus or valgus deviations of the axis were more distinct radiologically under the weight of the patient’s body than in the computer model. The clinical outcome examined by the use of the HSS score after a mean followup of 7 months is good in both groups, and without significant differences. On average, the duration of surgery was 13 minutes longer in the computerised navigation group. We conclude that the benefit of the computerised navigation system is represented by the high improvement of precision. Achieving early clinical results identical to those in the technical instrumentation group, we expect a reduction of aseptic loosening in the computerised navigation group.     

Diabetic control after total pancreatectomy

BACKGROUND: Diabetes after total pancreatectomy is commonly described as 'brittle' with most series reporting outcomes after resection for pancreatitis alone. The aim of this study was to determine glycaemic control in patients resected for benign and malignant disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing total pancreatectomy (1989-2003) from a single institution was done. Data of diabetic control were obtained from case notes, general practitioners and telephonic consultation. Comparison was made against a matched type 1 diabetic population. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with a median age of 59 years (range 17-85 years) and median follow-up of 50 months (range 5-136 months) were identified. Thirty-five underwent primary resection with 11 receiving completion procedures. Thirty were for malignancy (19 deceased) and 17 for benign/indeterminate histology (2 deceased). Thirty-three patients were available for detailed follow-up. There was no significant difference between median HbA(1c) of the study group and the control (8.2% versus 8.1%). The majority of patients reported diabetic control and daily performance as excellent or good. Resection for pancreatitis gave poorer subjective control (p < 0.05) than those resected for malignancy. Two patients required in-patient treatment for diabetic complications, with no deaths related to diabetes observed. CONCLUSION: Diabetes after total pancreatectomy is not necessarily associated with poor glycaemic control and in the majority results in equivalent biochemical control compared to a normal type 1 diabetic population.     

踝关节病的人工踝关节置换

[目的]探讨人工踝关节置换治疗踝关节病的疗效。[方法]对1999~2004年1月的18例患者包括骨性踝关节炎6例,创伤性踝关节炎9例,局限性距骨缺血坏死2例,踝关节融合后1例,均采用L ink STAR假体3构件套进行人工踝关节置换。18例中,男13例,女5例;平均年龄47.7岁(38~67)。[结果]随访平均3 a 9个月(1~5 a)。按Kofoed评价系统观察疗效,优(85~100)16例,良(75~84)2例,无可(70~74)和差(<70)。患足背屈平均8°(范围6°~12°),跖屈12°(范围8°~16°),背屈和跖屈平均16°(11°~23°)。并发症有切口皮缘坏死2例,无足内、外翻和影像学松动。[结论]人工踝关节置换是治疗和替代踝关节多种疾患疼痛和需要融合的良好方法。     

胃癌全胃切除术后消化道重建方式的选择

目的：探讨全胃切除术后较理想的消化道重建方式。方法：对近6年来122例施行全胃切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。全胃切除后消化道重建分别采用全胃切除术后消化道重建Orr式Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合术、P型空肠袢食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术和远端空肠反口贮袋的Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合术。结果：3种术式在食后烧灼感、进食量、进食次数、体重下降、倾倒综合征、血红蛋白、白蛋白等指标的比较，无明显差异（均P>0.05）。P型空肠袢食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术组所用手术时间显著多于Orr组及反口组（P<0.05）。反口组的贮袋大小及半排空时间显著优于Orr组及P袢组（P<0.05）。结论：远端空肠反口贮袋的Roux-en-Y吻合术是一种值得推荐的新型全胃切除术后消化道重建方法。     

保留假体清创治疗人工膝关节置换术后感染的作用

[目的]探讨保留假体清创在治疗人工膝关节置换术后感染中的可行性、适应证、成功和失败的相关因素以及注意事项.[方法]回顾分析本院自1990～2004年收治的人工膝关节置换术后感染病例,发现9例病人在治疗开始时曾尝试采用清创灌注冲洗的方法保留假体,对这9例病人进行总结,并对可能影响清创是否成功的因素进行统计学分析.[结果]本组9例病人中4例保留了假体,平均随访18个月（10～25个月）,感染均无复发.由于病例数较少,本研究针对可能影响清创成功的因素未能得出有意义的统计学结果,但从结果看：急性感染清创容易成功,而慢性感染则很难获得成功;表皮葡萄球菌成功率较高,金黄色葡萄球菌均失败;表面膝置换成功率较高,而铰链膝置换则难以获得成功;出现症状后应该抓紧时间进行清创,延误的时间越长,成功的可能性越低.[结论]保留假体清创在人工膝关节置换术后感染的治疗中有一定的应用价值,对于术后急性感染病人和术后晚期急性血源性感染病人应尝试进行保留假体清创治疗,但必须严格掌握手术时机及适应证才能获得成功.     

改良W形回肠代膀胱术的疗效观察(附36例报告)

目的 :探讨改良W形回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法 :对 36例膀胱肿瘤患者行根治性膀胱切除、W形回肠代膀胱术 ,并对术式进行改进。结果 :36例手术时间平均 4 .2h。术后 31例随访 4～ 19个月 ,平均 10 .6个月 ,无严重并发症 ,均无瘤生存。患者一般于术后 3周自主可控性排尿 ,日间尿控率为 10 0 % ,术后 3、6、12个月夜间尿失禁发生率分别为 2 2 .5 %、11.1%及 6 .2 %。术后 6个月尿动力学检查膀胱容量 (36 0± 30 )ml,最大尿流率 (13.6± 2 .6 )ml/s,剩余尿量 (11.5± 5 .8)ml,充盈期膀胱压力明显低于尿道闭合压。新膀胱造影发现新膀胱呈球形 ,完全位于盆腔 ,未见输尿管反流。B超及IVU检查发现原上尿路积水 4例均明显减轻 ,其余未发现输尿管狭窄和上尿路积水征象。无高氯性酸中毒 ,肾功能正常。结论 :改良W形回肠代膀胱术手术时间短 ,操作简单 ,创伤轻 ,并发症少 ;新膀胱容量大 ,内压低 ,顺应性好 ,功能接近于正常膀胱 ,保持原位排尿 ,明显提高了患者术后生活质量 ,值得临床推广应用。