我军第二次部队人员牙周疾病捷径调查和分析

目的:了解牙周疾病在我军部队人员中的流行情况。方法:采用世界卫生组织1997年版口腔健康调查基本方法和标准器材。结果:共调查1 269人,结果表明,我军现役人员男性牙龈炎患病率为21.12%,牙结石检出率为44.05%,早期牙周病患病率为2.75%,晚期牙周病患病率为0.39%。结论:根据本次调查结果和我军第一次口腔健康的牙周疾病监测,以及外军相关资料比照进行牙周疾病流行病学研究分析表明,我军牙周疾病患病率比较平稳,牙周疾病大部分处于早期阶段。     

The high prognostic value of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Although many histopathologic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue predict the prognosis, the major predictive factors have not been identified clearly. This study analyzed the prognostic value of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 124 consecutive patients seen between January 1985 and December 1999 with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were reviewed. Their mean age was 58.5 years (range: 23-90) and the male-female ratio was 1.8: 1 (79 men and 45 women). There were 41, 40, 30, and 13 cases at stage I to stage IV, respectively. The clinicopathologic factors, especially the histologic grade at the deep invasive front (invasive front grade, IFG), were analyzed to determine factors predicting prognosis. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free survival rate of the patients treated with curative aim only was 66.7%. Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the prognosis were T classification, tumor size, stage classification, tumor depth, macroscopic appearance, cervical lymph node metastasis (nodal metastasis), microvascular invasion, and IFG. In a multivariate analysis, patients with tumor depth >/=4 mm, IFG >/=8 points, and nodal metastasis had a reduced disease-free survival and IFG >/=11 points had a predictive value for nodal metastasis (odds ratio: 7.34; P = 0.0019). CONCLUSION: This study found that a high IFG malignancy score had a high prognostic value for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.     

In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Whole and Half Tablets of Sustained-Release Adinazolam Mesylate

The mechanism of release from sustained-release adinazolam mesylate tablets was assessed by the Higuchi equation and by analysis of drug release profiles through 60% released using the Peppas equation. Computed values of the diffusional exponent, n, ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. Values of n in this range are consistent with a mixed mechanism of release, with diffusion of drug through the hydrated polymer matrix and relaxation of this matrix being the principal processes controlling release. The rate of in vitro drug release was increased for half tablets relative to whole tablets and is attributed to an increase in the surface to volume ratio of half tablets of about 16%. This increase in surface-to-volume ratio of half tablets was reflected by an increase in the constant, k, from the Peppas equation of 20–23% and by an increase in the slope of Higuchi plots of 12–18% for four lots of tablets. In vivo/in vitro relationships from two bioavailability studies were thoroughly evaluated. Using either a linear or a quadratic relationship, an in vivo/in vitro correlation exists for sustained-release adinazolam mesylate tablets.     

Diabetes mellitus as a contributory factor in oral candidosis.

It has been reported that poor glycaemic control predisposes to oral candidal infection in diabetic patients. For instance, the carriage of Candida species and the density of candidal growth in the oral cavity is frequently claimed to be increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the validity of these observations remains controversial. Hence, we review and discuss here the clinical data in the literature on the relationship between diabetes and oral candidal carriage and infection, and possible mechanisms associated with its pathogenicity.     

Intravenous cyclophosphamide is the drug of choice for steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Steroid dependency is a major problem seen after therapy for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Although there is consensus about the usage of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in frequent relapsers, there is still a controversy concerning its usage in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). METHODS: In the present study, nineteen children with SDNS were treated with CYC: ten via the intravenous (i.v.) route, and nine via the oral route. Remission was then maintained with prednisolone. Oral CYC therapy consisted of CYC at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks. Intravenous (i.v.) CYC therapy consisted of CYC 500 mg/m2 per month (with intravenous 3500 cc/m2 per 24 h one-third saline hydration) for 6 months. RESULTS: The cumulative dose of CYC was 168 mg/kg in the oral group and 132 mg/kg in the IV group. Daily oral CYC dose was 1.96~0.31 mg/kg, whereas i.v. CYC dose was 0.73~0.03 mg/kg. Long-term complications and side-effects such as alopecia, infection and hemorrhagic cystitis were not observed in the i.v. CYC treated group. In the long term, the dosage of prednisolone that held remission after CYC, the annualized relapse rates and the subsequent relapse time were significantly better in the i.v. CYC group, and the number of patients in remission for 2 years was significantly higher in the i.v. treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In SDNS, i.v. CYC has a long lasting effect with lower annualized relapse rates and longer subsequent relapse time with a lower steroid dosage required to maintain remission than oral CYC. The results of the present study showed the safety of the i.v. route, and it is the preferable treatment in noncompliant patients for its long lasting remission and simple and inexpensive follow up.     

景天通脉方对实验性兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 评价不同剂量景天通脉方对动脉粥样硬化斑块的抑制作用。方法 健康新西兰兔54只随机分为：正常对照组, 高胆固醇组(模型组), 血脂康组, 景天通脉方小、中、大剂量组, 共6组；除正常对照组外，其余大鼠采用高胆固醇饲料并免疫损伤诱发的动脉粥样硬化斑块模型, 观察各组血脂和C-反应蛋白（CRP）以及主动脉斑块/内膜面积比、内/中膜厚度比等并比较。结果 对血脂的影响：模型组与正常对照组比较,血清总胆固醇（TC）、 甘油三酯（TG）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均升高, 差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；血脂康组及景天通脉方小、中、大剂量组TC、LDL-C均明显低于模型组（P<0.05）, 景天通脉方中剂量组明显低于小、大剂量组及血脂康组（P<0.05）；TG景天通脉方小、中、大剂量组及血脂康组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）景天通脉方大剂量组、血脂康组高于景天通脉方小、中剂量组, 正常对照组和模型组（P<0.05）。对CRP的影响：模型组明显高于正常对照组（P<0.05）, 景天通脉方3组、正常对照组、血脂康组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 正常对照组无斑块和内、中膜增厚, 景天通脉方组与模型组比较, 斑块面积、内膜厚度、中膜厚度、斑块/内膜面积比、内/中膜厚度比均明显下降（P<0.05）, 景天通脉方中剂量组明显低于小、大剂量组及血脂康组（P<0.05）。结论 景天通脉方具有抑制动脉粥样硬化的作用, 可能是通过调脂、抗炎作用来完成,效应以中剂量（人的等效剂量）为佳。     

Chronic GVHD in minor salivary glands and oral mucosa: histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of 25 patients

BACKGROUND: Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). The aim of our study was to identify the most relevant histological features for diagnosis of chronic Graft-vs.-Host Disease (cGVHD) in oral mucosa and minor salivary glands of 25 patients, as well as to evaluate the immunophenotype of the inflammatory cells. METHODS: Sixteen patients that were submitted to allogeneic BMT but did not present cGVHD were selected as a control group. The sections were studied on H & E and CD68, CD45, CD4, CD8, CD20 staining. RESULTS: The most frequent histologic findings in oral mucosa at the day of diagnosis of cGVHD were: hydropic degeneration of the basal layer of the epithelium, apoptotic bodies, lymphocytic infiltration, and focal or total cleavage between the epithelial and connective tissue. In the labial salivary glands (LSG), lymphocytic infiltration, acinar loss and fibrosis were the main alterations. Cytotoxic CD8-T cells and macrophages were predominant both in the epithelium and connective tissue, as well as in minor salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS: Histological features were useful in the diagnosis of oral cGVHD. It is suggested that CD8-T cells and macrophages play important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Ploidy analysis of field cancerization and cancer development in the hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis model

BACKGROUND: The hamster cheek-pouch carcinogenesis model is a well-known animal system that closely mimics the development of premalignant and malignant lesions in human oral cancer. Our aim was to numerically characterize the premalignant and malignant lesions and expressions of field cancerization in this model using ploidy as the end-point. METHODS: To study the DNA content and proliferation status of the cells in this model we assessed the Feulgen reaction and the immunohistochemical reaction for 5-bromo-2-deoxiuridine (BrdU) in different histological areas of serial tissue sections of the cheek pouches of animals injected with BrdU. RESULTS: Ploidy values were higher in cancerized epithelia with no unusual microscopic features (NUMF), in preneoplastic and tumor areas than in control epithelia. The aneuploidy index was higher in NUMF areas than in control and differed significantly from control in preneoplastic areas and carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The unexpected alteration in DNA content observed in NUMF epithelia is of great relevance as a biomarker of field cancerized areas.     

Tobacco smoking: a major risk factor for loss of teeth in three 70-year-old cohorts

Oral health was examined in a random sample of 1377 people in three 70-year-old cohorts studied within 5-yr intervals. During the studied period 1971-1983 the prevalence of toothlessness decreased from 52 to 34%. Toothlessness in men was more common in smokers, 48%, and ex-smokers, 32%, than in non-smokers, 20%. Eichner's index was used as a measurement of dental invalidity. This index showed a worse dental state among smokers and ex-smokers compared to non-smokers. Multivariate analyses indicated that tobacco smoking was a major independent risk factor for tooth loss in elderly men.     

Tailoring Management Strategies for the Patient With Menstrual Migraine: Focus on Prevention and Treatment

Many women report an increased frequency of headaches around the time of menses. For some women, these headaches are more severe, of longer duration, and lead to greater disability than those occurring at other times in the menstrual cycle. A headache diary is critical to properly diagnose menstrual migraine (MM) by prospectively documenting headache days, severity of headache, and the headaches' relationship to menses. In women with diagnosed MM, acute treatment has been proven to be effective in randomized clinical trials. For those women who have predictable periods and may require preventive therapy, short-term prevention is a reasonable approach due to the predictability of MM. Although several agents (eg, naproxen sodium, magnesium, triptans) have been evaluated for prevention of MM, all but triptans have been assessed in small trials of between 20 and 35 women. Naratriptan, frovatriptan, and, most recently, zolmitriptan have been proven effective in preventing MM. Triptans are generally well tolerated, and the long-term safety of these agents is currently being evaluated. The flexibility of using acute and preventive therapy allows physicians to tailor treatment of MM and meet the needs of individual patients.