Shoulder strain in keyboard workers and its alleviation by arm supports

Summary Keyboard work consists mostly of dynamic contractions of the small muscles of the forearms and hands. This is accompanied by continuous activity in the arm, shoulder and neck muscles keeping the head and hand in the correct position. Eliminating the weight from the arm by means of support and the position of the arms influences the electrical activity of shoulder muscles when working at a keyboard. We studied the influence of elbow angle, as well as that of different arm supports, on electrical activity of upper trapezius muscle during keyboard work in healthy workers and persons suffering from shoulder pains. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory. EMG activities, which where measured as mean square root (RMS)-values at every 100-millisecond period in trapezius muscle when working, were lower, the greater the elbow angle. Furthermore electrical activity decreased when subjects used arm supports while working. It is evident that the static load to shoulder muscles can be lowered significantly in keyboard work, when the forearms are at an angle of at least 100 degrees and by using arm supports. The most convienient and ergonomic working position can also be found individually be the method used here.     

普通外科危重患者围手术期的营养支持

目的：研究普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持的临床疗效。方法：对1995年以来147例普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持应用情况进行了分析，腹部手术138例（93.9%)，颈部手术9例（6.1%)，采用以全胃肠外营养（TPN）为主的阶段性营养支持方法补充营养。深静脉置管方法：经颈内静脉置管132例（89.8%)、腋静脉11例（7.5%)、股静脉4例（2.7%)，使用单腔导管127例（86.4%)，双腔20例（13.6%)，41例（27.9%)，放置肠内营养（EN）管。106例（72.1%)为TPN→PN 口服饮食→口服饮食，41例（27.9%)为TPN→PN EN→EN→EN 口服饮食→口服饮食。结果：本组营养支持期间无置管和代谢并发症。142例（96.6%)康复，5例（3.4%)死于原发病。结论：普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持是重要辅助治疗方法，可保证手术安全，促进术后康复。     

Effect of family role on response to disaster

This study hypothesized that family role (marital and parental status) would moderate the effect of disaster exposure on the mental health of victims. The study included St. Louis residents exposed to floods and dioxin, as well as Puerto Rican respondents exposed to floods and mudslides. In St. Louis, worst outcomes were found for single and married parents exposed to disaster, substantially exceeding the symptomatology of all unexposed respondents except non-victim single parents. In Puerto Rico, victims without families had higher levels of alcohol abuse symptoms than did any other subgroup. Perceived emotional support was found to be an important moderator of disaster's effect on psychiatric distress in this site, generally overriding the effect of family role. Single parents in both sites who were exposed to disaster had substantially reduced levels of emotional support available to them, as compared to unexposed single parents, suggesting that single parents are at particularly high risk for losing access to emotional support following a disaster. This study suggests that both single and married parents constitute important high-risk victim groups. The findings also suggest that those perceiving they lack adequate emotional support, regardless of family role, may be in special need of services.     

Post-traumatic stress disorder among the injured of theintifada

The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD among Palestinians who sustained serious bodily injuries during theintifada, as well as to delineate factors having an effect on the development and attenuation of PTSD symptomatology. Results indicated evidence of high prevalence of PTSD among the injured. No significant differences in PTSD prevalence for demographic, situational, and trauma-related variables were found except for the age factor. Prevalence of PTSD among adolescents was significantly higher than among adults. It seemed that the injury itself was so intensely overwhelming that the other variables were overshadowed. Implications for further research and stress management techniques were discussed.     

综合医院青少年门诊心理咨询特点

目的 了解综合医院青少年咨客心理咨询的特点,为其心理健康教育提供依据.方法 选取2003年5月～2004年11月门诊心理咨询163人的资料进行分析.结果 该年龄段中主动求询意识占据明显优势有140人(85.9%);医学问题以神经症77人(47.2%),精神分裂11人(6.7%)列前2位;非医学问题则是厌学13人(8.0%),人际交往障碍10人(6.1%)为主要求询问题;性别与求询问题间亦有一定相关性.结论 综合医院青少年心理咨询以医学问题为主,非医学问题并存,应注意社会支持系统的完善.     

I Get by with a Little Help from my Family and Friends: Adolescents' Support for Diabetes Care

Evaluated and compared the support provided by family membersand friends for adolescents' diabetes care. Family and friendsupport also were examined in relation to other measures ofsocial support, to demographic variables (age, gender, durationof diabetes) and to adherence. Using a structured interview,74 adolescents with diabetes described the ways that familymembers and friends provided support for diabetes management(insulin shots, blood glucose monitoring, eating proper meals,exercise), and for helping them to "feel good about their diabetes."Families provided more support than friends for three managementtasks (insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, meals);this support was largely instrumental. In contrast, friendsprovided more emotional support for diabetes than families.Greater family support was related to younger age, shorter diseaseduration, and better treatment adherence. Implications of thefindings include encouraging parents to remain involved in adolescents'treatment management, and involving peers as supportive companionsfor meals and exercise.     

急性白血病的基因表达谱分析与亚型分类特征的鉴别

本研究基于生物信息学理论，运用模式识别方法和计算技术，对急性白血病的基因表达谱数据进行分析，研究急性白血病的亚型识别与分类信息基因选取问题。首先去除无关基因，然后利用浮动顺序搜索算法搜索特征空间生成候选特征子集，最后以支持向量机作为分类器进行急性白血病的亚型识别，并以误识率为依据鉴别出了5个包含完整分类信息的基因。实验结果表明，本研究鉴别出的5个信息基因能以100％的正确率准确识别急性白血病亚型。     

肝细胞培养过程中酸碱度和溶解氧的关联控制

目的在生物型人工肝支持系统(BAL)中,设计一种能够精确控制溶解氧(D0)与酸碱度(pH)的控制方案.方法根据肝细胞培养过程中所需要的物料衡算,采用比例积分(PI)算法结合开关量控制、预测控制等方案,通过工控机构建关联控制系统,使得D0与pH的值相互关联.结果DO控制范围0%～200%,精度达到±5%;pH控制范围6～8,精度达到±0.05.结论经实验证实,本控制方案工作稳定,无静态误差,解决了培养过程中DO与pH相互影响的问题,可用于BAL中对肝细胞培养环境的控制.     

骨骼肌介电行为的理论模型仿真

在 10 0 Hz～ 10 0 MHz范围内 ,应用椭圆壳介电理论模型 ,经过模拟仿真蛙骨骼肌细胞的介电行为 ,确定了蛙骨骼肌细胞的椭圆壳模型各相参数。为将来对骨骼肌疲劳、肌营养不良和肌肉萎缩等病症的模型分析奠定理论基础。