绍兴市区蝇类种群构成调查分析

目的掌握绍兴市区蝇类的构成及分布。方法笼诱法。结果共捕获蝇类5科10属16种255032只,其中大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、家蝇为优势种,分别占捕蝇总数的57.27%、11.11%和10.13%;捕蝇数量新城区(162948只)明显高于老城区(92084只),2004年明显高于2003年;2年中,在绿化带、农贸市场、居民区、餐饮业、垃圾投放点年平均捕蝇依次分别为11529.63、5925.88、4532.75、4063.60和3966.25只/(年·笼)。结论不同年份、月份、调查点和生境,蝇类构成不同。     

广州白云国际机场鼠形动物繁殖力的分析

目的掌握广州白云国际机场鼠形动物繁殖力的情况,为防制提供依据.方法采用夹（笼）夜法,在广州白云国际机场捕获鼠形动物,进行分类鉴定,辨别雌雄,解剖观察其性器官发育和妊娠情况,并进行统计分析.结果共获鼠828只,经鉴定隶属2目2科4属7种,分别为小家鼠、褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、板齿鼠、黑家鼠和臭鼩鼱.其中雄鼠429只,雌鼠399只,雌雄比例为1：1.075;孕鼠118只,妊娠率29.57%,胚胎497只,平均胚胎数4.21.年度中,3、4、6、9月份的妊娠率较高,分别为65.38%、37.50%、50.00%和42.86%.在不同种类的鼠形动物中,臭鼩鼱的妊娠率最高,为39.20%,其次是小家鼠,妊娠率为30.93%,黄毛鼠与黑家鼠的妊娠率最低为0.不同生境中的鼠形动物妊娠率跑道区为34.13%,生活区28.75%,办公区23.40%,货运区30.30%.结论广州白云国际机场鼠形动物一年四季均可繁殖,繁殖高峰期在春、夏季,秋末亦有一小高峰,妊娠率的高低与鼠密度不呈相关关系.     

东南亚常见害鼠种类及其检索

目的了解越南、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾等东南亚常见害鼠的种类及其检索要点。方法根据文献资料,介绍东南亚国家常见害鼠的种类,并描述我国尚无分布的种类的形态学特征。结果东南亚常见害鼠有26种,分别属于小家鼠属、大鼠属、板齿鼠属、小竹鼠属、竹鼠属、青毛鼠属和地鼠属,其中7种在我国无分布。结论鉴定检索表可供专业人员现场初步鉴定参考。     

聊城市城区2001-2007年蝇类监测结果分析

目的掌握我市城区各种蝇类构成、季节消长规律,为创建国家卫生城市提供依据。方法笼诱法。结果家蝇、丝光绿蝇、厩腐蝇、夏厕蝇为优势种群,每年4月份入笼,5、8月份高峰,11月份基本无蝇,经城区统一灭蝇后,蝇密度下降。     

Application of DNA filter hybridization and PCR to distinguish between human and non-human tissues of poor quality

Summary The present report describes a novel approach for the identification of human or non-human specimens after long-term storage in a badly preserved state. The application of the PCR-technique (polymerase chain reaction) using human-specific primers as well as Southern blot (filter) hybridization of the sample DNA to a primate-specific DNA probe enabled us to extend the positive identification beyond the limits of conventional methods such as serological or morphological examinations.     

Pharmacokinetics of glutathione and its metabolites in normal subjects

To determine the loading and maintenance dosage of glutathione (GSH) for patients suffering from reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury such as acute paraquat intoxication, a kinetic study of reduced GSH was performed in synchrony with that of cysteine (Cys), cystine (Cys2), and methionine (Met). Human subject's porticipitation was voluntary. The effective dose of Cys, Cys2, and Met against ROS in fibroblast cells generated by paraquat was assessed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Both Cys and Met suppressed ROS in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 1-1,000 microM; the concentration required to suppress ROS by 50% was 10 microM for Cys and 50 microM for Met. Using metabolite kinetics with the assumption that Cys and Met are the metabolites of GSH, expected concentrations of Cys and Met of above 20 and 50 microM were estimated when GSH was administered at 50 mg/kg body weights every 205.4 min for Cys and 427.4 min for Met.     

Species identification by means of pyrosequencing the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene

The aim of this study was to develop a new method for species identification based on the analysis of a very short nucleotide sequence. For this reason, the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, together with the new method of pyrosequencing, was used. The detection of only 20 nucleotides, following the sequencing primer within a 149-bp fragment by pyrosequencing, was sufficient to identify the biological origin of the samples by alignment with a reference sequence database. A case example with a piece of skin is presented, and the question whether this piece of skin came from a missing wife or from an animal could be answered.     

Differential metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid,senecionine, in fischer 344 and sprague-dawley Rats

The pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), contained in a number of traditional remedies in Africa and Asia, show wide variations in metabolism between animal species but little work has been done to investigate differences between animal strains. The metabolism of the PA senecionine (SN) in Fischer 344 (F344) rats has been studied in order to compare to that found in the previously investigated Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (Drug Metab. Dispos. 17: 387, 1989). There was no difference in the formation of (+/-) 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP, bioactivation) by hepatic microsomes from either sex of SD and F344 rats. However, hepatic microsomes from male and female F344 rats had greater activity in the N-oxidation (detoxication) of SN by 88% and 180%, respectively, when compared to that of male and female SD rats. Experiments conducted at various pH showed an optimum pH of 8.5, the optimal pH for flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), for SN N-oxidation by hepatic microsomes from F344 females. In F344 males, however, a bimodal pattern was obtained with activity peaks at pH 7.6 and 8.5 reflecting the possible involvement of both cytochrome P450 (CYP) and FMO. Use of specific inhibitors (SKF525A, 1-benzylimidazole and methimazole) showed that the N-oxide of SN was primarily produced by FMO in both sexes of F344 rats. In contrast, SN N-oxide formation is known to be catalyzed mainly by CYP2C11 rather than FMO in SD rats. This study, therefore, demonstrated that there were substantial differences in the formation of SN N-oxide by hepatic microsomes from F344 and SD rats and that this detoxification is catalyzed primarily by two different enzymes in the two rat strains. These findings suggest that significant variations in PA biotransformation can exist between different animal strains.     

Molecular modeling and pharmacological analysis of species-related histamine H(3) receptor heterogeneity

Presynaptic histamine H(3) receptors (H(3)R) regulate neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system, suggesting an important role for H(3) ligands in human diseases such as cognitive disorders, sleep disturbances, epilepsy, or obesity. Drug development for many of these human diseases relies upon rodent-based models. Although there is significant sequence homology between the human and rat H(3)Rs, some compounds show distinct affinity profiles. To identify the amino acids responsible for these species disparities, various mutant receptors were generated and their pharmacology studied. The N-terminal portion was shown to determine the species differences in ligand binding since a chimeric H(3)R containing N-terminal human and C-terminal rat receptor sequences exhibited similar pharmacology to the human receptor. Sequence analysis and molecular modeling studies suggested key amino acids at positions 119 and 122 in transmembrane region 3 play important roles in ligand recognition. Mutant receptors changing amino acids 119 or 122 of the human receptor to those in the rat improved ligand binding affinities and functional potencies of antagonist ligands, confirming the significant role that these amino acids play in species-related pharmacological differences. A model has been developed to elucidate the ligand receptor interactions for H(3)Rs, and pharmacological aspects of this model are described.     

肖厝口岸蝇类本底调查报告

目的掌握肖厝口岸的蝇类本底情况,为口岸蝇类的防制提供科学依据。方法从2006年1月-2006年12月,采用蝇笼诱捕法,对肖厝口岸的蝇类种群分布和季节消长进行了调查。结果本次调查共捕获蝇类9315只,隶属4科10属13种,优势蝇种为舍蝇,占捕获蝇总数的37.48%;蝇密度随季节消长,平均密度为77.63只/笼;在3、8、10月份出现3个高峰期;不同生境的蝇密度也各不相同。结论此次调查填补了肖厝口岸医学媒介资料的空白,为进一步开展蝇类媒介传染病监测提供了依据;搞好媒介生物控制工作的关键是根据当地的自然环境和媒介生物随季节的特点,采取综合防制措施,才能有效地降低蝇密度,从而控制病媒疾病的发生和流行。