The endogenous nociceptin/orphanin FQ‐NOP receptor system as a potential therapeutic target for intestinal disorders

In 1995, by reverse pharmacology approach, used here for the first time in the history of pharmacology, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been discovered as the endogenous ligand of a preidentified receptor named opioid receptor like 1. Subsequent studies showed that N/OFQ and its receptor (N/OFQergic system) are widely distributed in central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in peripheral organs of human and animals, and represent a system that is involved in a very large range of biological functions such as pain perception, intestinal motility and secretion, immune modulation, stress. From the time of its discovery to now, a high number of NOP agonists and antagonists have been synthesized and tested in various pathologies. Nevertheless, none of the molecules targeting N/OFQergic system have currently succeeded in going through clinical trials concerning gut pathologies, indicating that further studies are required. The work from Dr. Fichna et al., published in the present issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, adds another brick in the wall of understanding the role of N/OFQergic system in IBS‐D pathology by the pharmacological evaluation of a new NOP receptor agonist, SCH 221510, in animal models of intestinal alterations (diarrhea and visceral hyperalgesia). Interestingly, authors report clinical data confirming the involvement of N/OFQergic system in IBS‐D patients and, consequently, suggest this system as a valuable therapeutic target for IBS‐D pathology. This minireview aims to give a brief summary of experimental and clinical studies focusing on the N/OFQergic system as pharmacological target for the therapeutic treatment of intestinal pathologies such as IBS and IBD.     

辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘的临床疗效

为探讨辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘（CFC）的临床疗效,将160例CFC患者随机分为4组,即单纯辨证用药保留灌肠组（A组）、单纯大肠水疗组（B组）、辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗组（C组）、辨证用药口服组（D组）,各40例,均治疗2周,对比观察4组患者疗效。结果显示,c组总有效率明显高于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后便秘症状积分明显低于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后不透x线标志物残留数明显少于其他3组,P〈0．05。结果表明,辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗CFC疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

耳穴贴压法改善大肠癌术后化疗患者胃肠道反应的临床观察

为观察耳穴贴压法对改善大肠癌术后化疗患者胃肠道反应的效果,将80例大肠癌术后化疗患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上于化疗当天给予耳穴贴压,对照组给予常规治疗。根据NCI分级标准对80例患者化疗期间每天的恶心、呕吐、食欲分级进行记录。结果显示,治疗组恶心程度、呕吐程度、食欲下降程度明显低于对照组。结果表明,耳穴贴压法能明显降低大肠癌术后化疗患者的恶心、呕吐、食欲下降程度,疗效满意。     

53例糖尿病酮症酸中毒临床分析

目的：探讨糖尿病酮症酸中毒的临床特点,总结治疗经验,提高诊疗水平,降低死亡率。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月～2013年12月收治的53例糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者的临床资料。本组53例均采用小剂量胰岛素静脉泵入及补液、补钾、抗感染等综合治疗。结果治愈及好转出院48例,未愈5例,其中死亡2例。结论DKA临床表现复杂多样,积极寻找病因,早发现、早治疗,预后良好;一旦确诊,积极补液改善循环,小剂量胰岛素,适当补钾及去除诱因等综合治疗是抢救成功的关键。     

中药小包装饮片调剂操作流程规范化的研究

目的：制定统一中药小包装饮片的调剂操作流程,使其规范化、标准化、有利于操作,省时省力,便于审核,防止差错,杜绝医疗纠纷的发生。方法依据中药饮片的调剂规范流程,结合小包装饮片的特点,根据实际操作工作经验,制定便捷可靠、省时省力、科学操作的工艺流程。结果小包装饮片完全不同于中药饮片的调剂,其操作方法、审核等具有独特的操作性能,审、摆、看、对、拿、掂、分、核、包、发是其主要操作要点。结论中药小包装饮片解决了中药饮片不利于保管、不利于分发、不利于养护,以及调剂过程中的抓称繁琐、大小不均、分量不准、不利复核、脏乱质差等弊端,充分发挥了一药一包、易于鉴别、计量准确、名物易对易换、患者知情等优点。     

乙酰肝素酶siRNA对部分肝切除大鼠术后肝再生的抑制作用

目的探讨乙酰肝素酶(HPSE)siRNA对部分肝切除大鼠术后肝再生的抑制作用。方法设计合成HPSE siRNA,以vivo-jetPEI-Gal为载体转染70%肝切除大鼠,以逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测转染后HPSE mRNA表达,以Western blot检测AFP、ALB、CK-18和CK-19蛋白表达,以原位末端标记法(Tunel)检测肝细胞凋亡,以免疫组化检测肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达,并测定肝再生率。结果与各对照组相比,siRNA干扰组HPSE mRNA表达明显降低,AFP、ALB、CK-18和CK-19蛋白表达明显降低,肝细胞凋亡指数明显增高,增殖指数明显降低,肝再生率明显降低,差别显著(P0.05)。结论 siRNA沉默HPSE表达后,部分肝切除大鼠术后肝再生受到明显抑制,提示HPSE对肝再生具有调控作用。     

Effect of Deoxynivalenol and Other Type B Trichothecenes on the Intestine: A Review

The natural food contaminants, mycotoxins, are regarded as an important risk factor for human and animal health, as up to 25% of the world’s crop production may be contaminated. The Fusarium genus produces large quantities of fusariotoxins, among which the trichothecenes are considered as a ubiquitous problem worldwide. The gastrointestinal tract is the first physiological barrier against food contaminants, as well as the first target for these toxicants. An increasing number of studies suggest that intestinal epithelial cells are targets for deoxynivalenol (DON) and other Type B trichothecenes (TCTB). In humans, various adverse digestive symptoms are observed on acute exposure, and in animals, these toxins induce pathological lesions, including necrosis of the intestinal epithelium. They affect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium through alterations in cell morphology and differentiation and in the barrier function. Moreover, DON and TCTB modulate the activity of intestinal epithelium in its role in immune responsiveness. TCTB affect cytokine production by intestinal or immune cells and are supposed to interfere with the cross-talk between epithelial cells and other intestinal immune cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the effects of DON and other TCTB on the intestine.     

小剂量尿激酶联合低分子肝素钙、血栓通治疗亚急性期下肢深静脉血栓临床观察

目的：探讨小剂量尿激酶联合低分子肝素钙、血栓通治疗亚急性期下肢深静脉血栓的疗效及安全性。方法51例确认为LEDVT的患者给予尿激酶20万U溶于100mL生理盐水中,应用输液泵经患肢足背静脉注射,于半小时内滴完,每天一次,连续5～7d。同时应用注射用血栓通（冻干）0.5溶于生理盐水250mL静脉滴注,每日1次。低分子肝素钙注射液4100U皮下注射,1次/12h,连续5d。第3天加用华法林钠片2.5mg,每日一次,并根据PT调整药量。结果本组51例,痊愈8例（16%）,有效34例（67%）,无效9例（17%）,总有效率为82%。治疗前后HCT、Fg都有所降低,自身对照有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论小剂量尿激酶延迟溶栓联合低分子肝素钙、血栓通治疗亚急性期下肢深静脉血栓是安全有效的方法。