Up-front randomization and common standard arm: a proposal for comparing AML treatment strategies between different studies

Most multicenter randomized AML studies use randomizations of patients early or later in complete remission which necessarily occur with exclusions and positive selection of patients included. Since the exclusion criterias are regimen related and do not follow common standards, incomparabilities between treatment results across different studies are produced by these late randomizations. In order to overcome this problem, we here propose a cooperation of studies on the basis of a general up-front randomization with attribution of 10% patients from each study to a common standard arm. A validation of complete treatment strategies according to intent-to-treat against the standard arm and thus also across the studies is provided by this inter-group model which may contribute to accelerate the therapeutic progress in AML.     

实行临床技术准入及多科协作确保医疗质量与患者安全

总结和论述了医院通过建立健全规章制度,实行严格的准入制度,有效发挥各委员会的咨询、管理职能,强调综合素质、坚持医师培养和教育制度,建立多层次、多角度管理体系,积极鼓励多科协作、发挥综合技术力量优势确保医院医疗质量与患者安全的做法和成效.     

大邑县农民对新型合作医疗的参保能力研究

目的：研究农民对新型合作医疗制度的参保意愿和参保能力，以及影响参保能力的主要因素。方法：通过对四川省大邑县三个乡的89户农民进行入户调查，应用多元线性回归进行分析。结果：92.1％的农民表示愿意参加新型合作医疗．但对合作医疗的参保能力平均为24．49元，占年人均收入不到2％，占年人均医疗费用负担的比例都较低。影响农民参保能力的因素主要是经济方面的因素，包括年人均总收入、全家累计存款和欠款、年人均门诊花费：针对这些因素，采取相应的措施，是能够提高农民的参保能力的。     

玉龙县农民参加新型农村合作医疗意愿分析

通过对玉龙县农民参加新型农村合作医疗意愿的影响因素分析显示,不同经济状况和不同疾病家庭经济风险、不同合作医疗满意度的农户在是否愿意或赞成合作医疗等方面存在明显区别,人口数、年总支出、年教育费用、是否有熟人得到补偿4个因素影响参合率,逐一分析其根本原因,对政策制定提供相应建议.     

农村合作医疗制度的历史回顾与发展反思

建立农村医疗保障制度是当前紧迫而尚未解决的问题。通过我国农村合作医疗保险实践和理论研究的回顾和反思．提出构建农民医疗保障新模式的一些原则。     

电视胸腔镜加用小切口治疗肺大泡手术配合

目的探讨利用电视胸腔镜加用小切口(VAMT)治疗肺大泡的手术配合经验。方法总结39例运用该术式治疗肺大泡手术配合的护理体会。结果对39例患者采用VAMT处理肺动、静脉和支气管,较其它方法有一定的优越性,全部患者顺利完成手术,无一例出现并发症,大大缩短了住院时间,5天可出院。结论VAMT治疗肺大泡可行、安全,它具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快等特点,娴熟的手术配合是手术成功的关键。     

教学医院图书馆与高校图书馆联合共建模式

根据教学医院图书馆存在的馆藏资源匮乏、技术人才缺乏、现代化建设水平较低、文献资源的开发力度不够等问题,提出教学医院图书馆与高校图书馆联合共建的想法,并对其实现模式、可行性和应该注意的问题进行了详细阐述。     

Infectious diseases in African children

Present status and problems of infectious diseases in African children are detailed. The Department of Paediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine has 10 years' experience of international medical cooperation with African countries. At present, the department is participating in two projects in Ghana and Zambia. The activities have been carried out in the field of priority infectious diseases in African children. Major infectious diseases in Africa are malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections and some specific parasitic diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus infection has also become a threat to the health and survival of children in Africa. To reduce morbidity and mortality due to these diseases, primary health care activity may be an effective and economical measure. Japan is expected to make further technological and economical contributions to the control of the infectious diseases in developing countries. Japanese paediatricians should be aware of the condition of child health in developing countries and consider what can be done to help.     

Pharmacovigilance-related topics at the level of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)

Marketing authorisations for medicines need to be based on the universal criteria quality, safety and efficacy, whilst taking into account local public health needs. With view to using resources efficiently and avoiding delay in access to medicines, scientific standards for investigating quality, safety and efficacy should be universal too. A major step to achieve this was taken in 1990 when the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) was established between authorities and industry in the European Union (EU), Japan and the United States. Since then more than 50 ICH Guidelines have been published, out of which six are specific to pharmacovigilance. They refer to management and expedited reporting of individual adverse drug reaction (ADR) cases, including electronic formats, periodic reporting of worldwide data and planning of pharmacovigilance. Their development has to be seen in the context of initiatives taken in the three ICH Regions to strengthen pharmacovigilance. Most recently this involves making use of risk management concepts, reflecting new thinking of proactivity in pharmacovigilance. Moreover, consideration is given to regional and international cooperation beyond the ICH Regions.