精神分裂症与出生季节关系研究

为了解精神分裂症与出生季节之间的关系,对617名精神分裂症病人与623名正常人进行流行病学调查,并对调查资料进行对照分析。结果,精神分裂症病人与正常人比较冬季出生率有显著性差异(P<0.05),出生季节与临床类型、有无家族史、性别之间无显著意义。说明精神分裂症病人冬季出生率比正常人高,季节因素可能影响精神分裂症的易感性。     

广州地区0～7岁儿童血清25羟维生素D水平检测结果分析

目的了解广州地区0~7岁儿童血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]营养状况。方法选取2018年2月至2019年6月期间体检的2418例0~7岁儿童为研究对象,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测血清25(OH)D₂和25(OH)D3浓度水平,分析性别、年龄、季节等对25(OH)D水平的影响。结果25(OH)D缺乏组113例(占4.7%),不足组534例(占22.1%),处于较低水平的占26.8%;不同性别儿童的25(OH)D水平存在差异,男童25(OH)D水平高于女童,缺乏和不足所占比例低于女童(P<0.05);25(OH)D水平随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势,3~4岁、4~5岁、5~6岁、6~7岁儿童血清25(OH)D缺乏和不足的比例高于0~1岁、1~2岁、2~3岁儿童(P<0.05);不同季节,0~7岁儿童25(OH)D水平夏季最高,冬季最低,冬季25(OH)D缺乏比例高于其他季节,夏季25(OH)D缺乏和不足比例最低(P<0.05);0~1岁儿童25(OH)D2检出率在7岁以下最高(P<0.05),25(OH)D2可有效降低缺乏和不足比例。结论0~7岁儿童25(OH)D水平与性别、年龄、季节有关,应加强对女童、3~6岁男女童及冬季期间补充维生素D,以满足机体需要。同时检测25(OH)D2和25(OH)D3有助于临床精准判断25(OH)D营养状况。     

民航总医院门诊儿童下呼吸道流感病毒感染调查分析

【摘要】 目的 调查中国民航总医院门诊近8年儿童下呼吸道流感病毒(IFV)感染状况，为防治提供相关数据。方法 选择2008年2月~2016年2月来我院门诊就诊患有下呼吸道流感病毒感染儿童1050 例，采集患儿的咽分泌物，应用反转录 聚合酶链反应（RT PCR）检测流感病毒，对检测结果为IFVA、IFVB和IFVC型患儿行数据分析，了解8年内每年流感病毒分布情况、不同年龄段患儿流感病毒类型及各季节流感病毒分布情况。结果 在8年期间，每年IFA、IFB阳性率均比IFC阳性率高，其中2015年IFA、IFB阳性率最高，分别为652%和385%；2011年IFC阳性率最高，为104%;2012年IFA阳性率最低，为556%；2008年IFB、IFC阳性率最低，为246%和23%；1050例患儿中IFA患儿有618例，IFB患儿345例，IFC患儿87例，IFA阳性率为589%，明显高于IFB和IFC(均P＜005)。1~3岁患儿的IFV阳性率最高，与其他年龄组IFV阳性率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜005）；IFA和IFB阳性率最高的患儿年龄为1~3岁，与其他组比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜005）。8年内IFV的阳性率有明显的季节性，春季和冬季IFV的阳性率明显升高，其中2009和2010年夏季也出现IFV阳性率增高。结论 北京市患儿每年IFA、IFB阳性率均比IFC阳性率高，春季（2~4）月是IFV暴发的高峰期，且1~3岁儿童更易感染，应加强对此年龄段儿童预防流感的意识。     

Effect of birth season on allergic rhinitis and cedar pollinosis considering allergen and vitamin D exposure: The Japan Environment and Children's study (JECS)

BackgroundThe relationship between the season of birth, allergen sensitization, and allergic rhinitis have been inconsistent, and there are no studies that simultaneously consider vitamin D and allergen exposure. This study aimed to determine the associations between the season of birth, house dust mite (HDM) and Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) sensitization, and allergic rhinitis and pollinosis, while taking vitamin D levels and allergen exposure into account.MethodsThis study included 4323 participants in the Sub-Cohort Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the season of birth and sensitization to JCP or HDM (judged by specific immunoglobulin E) at age 2 and allergic rhinitis or pollinosis at age 3, adjusted for HDM or JCP exposure and vitamin D levels with potential confounders.ResultsParticipants born in spring or summer were more likely to have pollinosis than were those born in winter (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.82 for spring; aOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.03–3.47 for summer). Participants born in summer were more likely to have HDM sensitization than were those born in winter (Der p 1, aOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10–2.15; Der f 1, aOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.03–2.01). Exposure to JCP and HDM were associated with pollinosis and HDM sensitization, respectively.ConclusionsSpring and summer births were associated with the development of pollinosis, and summer birth was associated with HDM sensitization, even when vitamin D and allergen exposure were considered. Further studies on mechanisms other than vitamin D and allergen exposure are required.