雪莲鞘胺醇的结构鉴定

目的：对西藏雪莲花（Saussurea tridac-tyla Sch-Bip)地上部分化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法：用色谱技术进行分离，用UV，IR，EIMS，ESIMS，^1H-NMR,^13C-NMR,HMQC,HMBC等光谱方法对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果：从西藏雪莲花地上 部分的乙醇提取物中分离得到2个化合物，分别鉴定为雪莲鞘胺醇（xuelianceramide,I)和chamaemeloside(Ⅱ）。结论：化合物I新化合物，化合物Ⅱ首次从风毛菊尾植物中分离得到。     

唐古特雪莲不同部位21种元素含量测定

目的测定青海产唐古特雪莲不同部位中矿质元素的含量,探讨其元素分布特征及差异,为唐古特雪莲药用资源的合理应用提供依据。方法采集同一居群20余株唐古特雪莲,并分为根、茎、叶、花4个部位,用微波消解法处理后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钙、镁、铁、钛、锶、锰、镍、硒、锌、铊、铜、砷、铬、锂、铅、钒、铍、锑、钼、钴、镉共21种元素含量,分析不同部位元素种类及含量的差异。结果唐古特雪莲各部位均未检出钼和钴,茎和花中未检出镉。唐古特雪莲含有丰富的钙和镁;含量最高的微量元素是铁,以根中居多,其次为叶;砷严重超标(超药典规定796%)。4个部位中含量差异最小的元素是锑(变异系数为0.09),含量差异最大的元素是镍(变异系数为1.51)。结论青海产唐古特雪莲不同部位的元素种类和含量有所差异,可为该药用资源的质量控制和资源开发提供一定依据。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化天山雪莲中有效成分的研究

目的 研究大孔树脂纯化天山雪莲有效成分的工艺条件.方法 以紫丁香苷、绿原酸和芦丁的吸附量和解吸率为评价指标,筛选树脂,并优化了吸附和洗脱条件.结果 HPD400型树脂对天山雪莲各有效成分具有较好的吸附分离性能,适于纯化天山雪莲有效部位.最佳工艺条件为:雪莲样品溶液4 BV,上样液的pH值为2～3,吸附流速1 BV/h,吸附时间为12 h,先用4 BV水洗涤,再用30%、50%乙醇各6、4 BV进行梯度洗脱,流速1 BV/h,合并30%、50%乙醇洗脱液,即为目标产品.各有效成分的质量分数均提高了5倍左右.结论 采用HPD400树脂分离纯化天山雪莲中有效成分是可行的.     

雪莲水溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

雪莲多糖是一种水溶性的功能性天然多糖,作者比较了料液比、温度、提取时间等因素对新疆雪莲组织培养物中雪莲多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,雪莲水溶性多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比为1 g∶12 mL,温度85℃,时间2 h.粗多糖最大得率为7.08%。此粗多糖总糖质量分数为15.37%,从糖含量的角度,新疆雪莲组织培养物提取的粗多糖是野生雪莲提取的粗多糖的优良替代物品。     

Chemical constituents of the whole plants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saussurea medusa</Emphasis>

The chemical constituents of the traditional Tibetan medicine of Saussurea medusa Maxim. (Compositae) were investigated and a new flavonoid glucoside, together with 14 known compounds, was isolated. The structure of the new compound was established as 6″-O-crotonoylhomoplantaginin by using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses.     

Saussurea costus: botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipschitz, syn Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke is a well known and important medicinal plant widely used in several indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments, viz. asthma, inflammatory diseases, ulcer and stomach problems. Sesquiterpene lactones have been reported as the major phytoconstituents of this species. Different pharmacological experiments in a number of in vitro and in vivo models have convincingly demonstrated the ability of Saussurea costus to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anticancer and hepatoprotective activities, lending support to the rationale behind several of its traditional uses. Costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone and cynaropicrin, isolated from this plant, have been identified to have potential to be developed as bioactive molecules. Due to the remarkable biological activity of Saussurea costus and its constituents it will be appropriate to develop them as a medicine. The present review is an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the botany, chemistry, pharmacology and traditional and folkloric uses of Saussurea costus.     

Presence of cholinergic and calcium antagonist constituents in Saussurea lappa explains its use in constipation and spasm

This study was carried out to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of Saussurea lappa, in constipation and spasms. Isolated tissue preparations were used to see if the aqueous-methanol crude extract of the S. lappa root (Sl.Cr) contains gut stimulatory and inhibitory constituents. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, a quiescent preparation, Sl.Cr caused a concentration-dependent (0.3-5.0 mg/mL) spasmogenic effect, with the maximum effect reaching 91% of the acetylcholine maximum. A further increase in concentration caused a declining effect, indicating the presence of spasmolytic constituent(s). The spasmolytic effect was more marked in the spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum and in the atropinized preparations. The spasmolytic effect was mediated through calcium channel blocking (CCB) activity, as evident by its inhibitory effect against high K(+) (80 mm)-induced contraction and displacement of the Ca(++) concentration-response curves to the right. These data indicate that the crude extract of Sl.Cr contains gut stimulatory constituent(s) of cholinergic-type providing a scientific basis for its use in constipation. The presence of spasmolytic constituents of CCB-type more evident in the spontaneous contracting gut preparation may explain its use in spasms.     

星点设计-效应面法优化天山雪莲传递体制备处方

目的:优化天山雪莲传递体的处方.方法:注入-高剪切分散法制备天山雪莲传递体,以绿原酸和芦丁包封率、载药量、传递体平均粒径及归一化值为评价指标,以磷脂浓度、药脂比(质量比)、油水相体积比为考察因素,星点设计-效应面法优化处方,实验结果进行多元线性和二项式非线性方程拟合,效应面法确定最佳处方配比.结果:二项式是描述各指标与因素之间的最佳模型.以绿原酸为指标的包封率83.44％,载药量4.65％;以芦丁为指标的包封率70.69％,载药量3.94％,载药传递体平均粒径154.6 nm,理论预测值与实测值偏差较小,模型具有良好的预测性.结论:星点设计-效应面优化法筛选天山雪莲传递体是一种简便、可行的实验设计方法.     

Phytochemicals and biological activities of Saussurea species

The genus Saussurea has been studied from phytochemical and pharmacological viewpoints for years, which resulted in the discovery of hundreds of secondary metabolites with various kinds of bioactivities. This review summarizes the research progress of the genus of Saussurea in the phytochemical and pharmacological viewpoints, which covered the period of 1990–June 2009.