Pulse wave reflection at the collapsed segment of an artery in Riva-Rocci's method

Summary The contours of pressure and flow of a pulse wave arriving at the entrance of a collapsed segment of an elastic tube can be described by application of the basic laws of reflection. The collapsed segment acts like a valve. It is opened by the pressure of the pulse wave when the pressure within the tube becomes higher than the collapse pressure, i.e. the pressure exerted on the segment from outside. This opening of the collapsed segment suddenly changes the sign of the pulse wave reflection from positive to negative; thus a typical contour change of the pulse proximal to the segment is observed. The most obvious effect is a reduction of the pulse pressure. The extent of this reduction is a function of the collapse pressure.A typical example of this phenomenon can be observed in an artery proximal to the segment which is collapsed due to the pressure exerted by an inflated Riva-Rocci cuff. The effect is explained by the assumption that the sign of reflection changes when the pressure of the pulse wave crosses the level of the cuff pressure. This explanation is supported by the results of model experiments.     

基于小波的海洛因成瘾者脉象异常分析

利用小波变换的方法，对15例海洛因成瘾者和15例正常人的脉搏信号的时频特征予以分析，根据用于显示离散二进小波变换的三维图形及等高线图，海洛因成瘾者与正常人脉象信号间时频特征的显著差异予以揭示，由此得出了初步的判据。根据该判据，15例海洛因成瘾者全部被检测出来，正常人有2例误检。研究结果表明，基于小波的多分辨率分析是提取脉搏信号特征的一种非常有效的方法。本文对于海洛因成瘾者的诊疗具有一定的价值。     

基于BIOMEMS技术的细胞电阻抗传感器的研究进展

细胞一电阻抗传感器是基于BIOMEMS技术的研究细胞电生理和临床药理研究的新兴工具,主要应用于细胞等微生物体的形态和功能研究.近年来,它以其新颖简单的设计和长时程的无损测试等优点一直受到国内外学者和企业的广泛关注.首先分析细胞一电极阻抗界面模型并加以细化,然后介绍生物阻抗传感器在国际上研究的最新进展.在此基础上,结合实验室当前的研究工作,介绍了自制的基于叉指型细胞电阻抗传感器,最后提出了未来主要发展方向.     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞的慢自发性去极化电位

目的 :探讨豚鼠肠系膜下神经节 (IMG)细胞慢自发性去极化电位 (SSDP)。方法 :离体细胞内记录技术 ,并观察IMG细胞SSDP发生间隔、持续时间及幅度。结果 :SSDP发生间隔时间、持续时间和幅度较为恒定 ,分别为 44 9.7± 11.0s、198.8±15 .1s和 14.2± 2 .4mV。 5 HT1P受体拮抗剂BRL 2 492 4对SSDP和该细胞的迟慢兴奋性突触后电位 (LS EPSP)无影响。结论 :豚鼠IMG内可能存在SSDP     

胃粘膜内pH值测定在危重病人中的预警价值

目的 :观察在危重病患者中反映组织水平氧代谢的胃粘膜内 p Hi,与反映全身氧代谢的指标间的关系以及胃粘膜内p Hi的预警价值。方法 :用胃张力计测定危重病患者入科即刻及治疗 2 4h后胃粘膜内 p Hi,并测定 p Ha ,Pa O2 / Fi O2 ,行 APACHE 评分。结果 :死亡组入科即刻 p Hi( 7.13 3± 0 .3 74)较存活组 ( 7.3 89± 0 .0 62 )显著降低 ( P<0 .0 1) ,治疗 2 4小时后胃粘膜内 p Hi死亡组( 6.911± 0 .496)较存活组 ( 7.43 4± 0 .0 5 1)降低更显著 ( P<0 .0 0 1) ;入科即刻 p Hi≤ 7.3 2的患者病死率为 75 .0 %,治疗 2 4h后胃粘膜内 p Hi≤ 7.3 2的患者病死率为 88.9%。结论 :作为局部组织氧合指标的 p Hi在常规的全身氧代谢指标未改变之前就发生了明显的变化 ;p Hi的降低与病死率有明显的相关性。     

从20世纪诺贝尔医学奖看21世纪我国高等医学教育

20世纪诺贝尔医学奖中奖项目 98项中可看出基础医学中奖项目多于临床 ,为 80∶2 0 ;美国人中奖最多 ,英、德领先 ;中奖科学家出身名校并受名师潜移默化 ;医学发展极快 ,2 0世纪下半叶中奖项目难度大、知识面广 ,跨学科、多人合作、智慧科技含量高。为此我国在 2 1世纪的医学教育必须加大投入、重建师资队伍、教学内容及方法不断更新、重视基础医学及人文社会科学、培养学生求异创新思维、更新科技研究水平 ,加大国际交流并结合我国医学优势及需要必定能获得 2 1世纪诺贝尔奖     

Velocity of peristaltic propagation in distal esophageal segments

Recent studies of the peristaltic pressure wave have suggested the presence of two sequential but overlapping contraction segments in the distal esophageal body. In this report, propagation velocity of esophageal peristalsis was determined in these segments in normal subjects (N=35) and in patients with high-amplitude peristalsis (nutcracker esophagus,N=25) to see if intersegment differences were present in the normal or abnormal setting. Velocity measurements were made from conventional manometric tracings in two 4-cm regions representing the distal smooth-muscle segments. A novel method of velocity measurement was employed that used regression lines established from contraction onset times. In normal subjects, propagation velocity decreased significantly from the proximal to distal segment (4.9±0.5 cm/sec, vs 3.2±0.2 cm/sec,P<0.01). Velocity also decreased across segments in nutcracker-esophagus patients (5.3±0.6 cm/sec, vs 3.6±0.7 cm/sec,P=0.06), but the difference reached statistical significance only when the subset with highest amplitudes (180 mm Hg) was analyzed separately. Greater variance in velocity in the distal smooth-muscle segment of nutcracker-esophagus patients (P<0.01) was, in part, responsible for this statistical observation. We conclude that normal propagation velocity decreases across regions corresponding to the smooth-muscle contraction segments defined by recent studies of peristalsis, supporting the assumption that they represent separate neuromuscular units. The mechanisms responsible for contraction wave abnormalities in the nutcracker esophagus have a minimal effect on propagation velocity, an effect that is restricted to the distal smooth-muscle segment of the esophageal body.Supported in part by a grant from the United States Public Health Service (AM07130).