Improved toxicogenomic screening for drug-induced phospholipidosis using a multiplexed quantitative gene expression ArrayPlate assay

We previously showed that a toxicogenomics analysis of drug-induced phospholipidosis enabled the identification of 12 specific gene markers and the establishment of an in vitro real-time PCR screening assay for the assessment of the phospholipidosis-inducing potential of compounds. The purpose of this study was to transfer our PCR-based assay into a 96-well microplate-based multiple mRNAs measuring assay (ArrayPlate™ assay) in order to increase throughput. Specifically, we determined the expression of the 12 marker genes using real-time PCR and ArrayPlate in human hepatoma HepG2 cells that were treated for 24 h with each of amiodarone and 80 proprietary compounds.

The following three performance criteria were satisfied in the ArrayPlate analysis: 1. Sensitivity—the expression of mRNA for all target genes was detected at quantifiable levels. 2. Repeatability—signal intensities and fold change values of each marker gene were highly repeatable. 3. Correlation—fold change values and their average values, which were used as indices of phospholipidosis induction potential, showed apparent correlation between the ArrayPlate and real-time PCR assays.

Thus, the in vitro screening assay for compound-induced phospholipidosis should be transferable from a PCR-based assay to the higher-throughput ArrayPlate-based method.     

浙江地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症的遗传学分析

目的　分析浙江地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase，G6PD）缺乏症的基因突变特点，探讨其遗传多样性。方法　以2015年3月至2017年9月在浙江地区出生、经浙江省新生儿遗传代谢筛查中心G6PD缺乏症筛查发现的2242例患儿为对象，收集其新生儿筛查的G6PD活性值与剩余干滤纸血斑，并提取其血斑的基因组DNA。采用MassARRAY技术检测35个G6PD突变位点。采用SPSS 22.0软件统计分析基因型与G6PD活性的关系，P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果　2163例检出突变，总检出率为96.47%，其中男性为96.51%（1995/2067），女性为96%（168/175）。共检出21种突变位点，44种变异基因型，其中男性半合子19型，女性杂合子14型，女性纯合子3型，女性复合杂合8型。95.93%的G6PD突变位于12、9、2、5外显子，其中c.1376G＞T、c.1388G＞A、c.1024C＞T、c.95A＞G、c.871G＞A、c.392G＞T占92.96%。c.1376G＞T、c.1388G＞A、c.1024C＞T、c.95A＞G四种基因型的G6PD活性差异有统计学意义（P＜0.0001）。结论　浙江地区G6PD缺乏症存在基因突变热点，c.1024 C＞T的突变频率具有明显地域特征，MassARRAY技术检测特定G6PD突变位点可推荐为G6PD缺乏症的二级筛查方法之一。     

Feasibility of C-Arm-Supported CT Fluoroscopy in Percutaneous Abscess Drainage Procedures

Purpose: Evaluation of C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy to facilitate percutaneous abscess drainage procedures. Methods: Prospectively, 40 percutaneous drainage procedures were performed either with C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy or with CT fluoroscopy alone. Hybrid imaging was performed on the CT couch after complementing a CT fluoroscopy scanner with a C-arm fluoroscopy unit. Procedure times, drainage revisions during follow-up, and postinterventional drainage periods were analyzed. Results: When compared with exclusive CT fluoroscopic guidance, a median procedure time of 9 ± 3.7 min versus 14.8 ± 7.3 min was required for C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy (p < 0.005, t-test). During follow-up, eight drainage catheters had to be revised within the exclusive CT fluoroscopy group, while only two revisions were necessary within the C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy group. With C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy, postinterventional drainage periods were reduced (median 13 vs 19 days; p < 0.001, t-test). Conclusion: Compared with exclusive cross-sectional image guidance, C-arm-supported CT fluoroscopy seems to improve placement of abscess drainage catheters to possibly reduce procedure times, drainage catheter revisions, and postinterventional drainage periods.     

免加热工艺大蒜提取物对结肠癌THC8908细胞活性的影响

【目的】研究免加热工艺的大蒜提取物对结肠癌细胞活性的影响,为免加热工艺提取的大蒜用于预防结肠癌提供理论依据。【方法】以结肠癌细胞系THC8908为靶细胞,用MTT比色法检测免加热大蒜提取物对结肠癌细胞活性的影响,在倒置显微镜下观察培养细胞的形态学改变,在荧光显微镜下观察药物干预后细胞的存活、凋亡或坏死。【结果】免加热大蒜提取物浓度在3mg/ml时对肿瘤细胞活性的抑制率为51.9%,浓度为6mg/ml时抑制率82.6%。倒置显微镜观察药物处理后细胞变圆、脱壁,解离成簇状分布的小体。荧光显微镜可观察到药物处理后,染色质凝集,细胞凋亡。【结论】免加热工艺提取的大蒜有较强的抑制结肠癌细胞活性,抑制率与药物浓度具明显的量效关系,且能有效诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡。     

虚拟现实技术在医学中的发展与应用

文章简述了虚拟现实技术的技术基础和特点。探讨了虚拟现实技术在现代医学中的应用范围,如:虚拟人体的应用、虚拟外科手术模拟、远程医疗、虚拟医院以及高等医学教育等。同时,对虚拟现实技术现在存在的问题和以后的发展前景也进行了讨论。     

中国"人尸体标本展览"的伦理问题

自从德国解剖学家冯·哈根斯发明用于保存人尸体标本的生物塑化技术以来,一些西方国家相继举办了公开的"人尸体标本展览".这些带有明显的商业化和艺术色彩的"人尸体标本展览"在西方社会各界引起了广泛的伦理争论.近年来,在西方国家的影响下,中国以"科普展览"的名义也举办了"人尸体标本展览".这些展览与中国传统伦理观念发生了明显的道德冲突,在中国社会各界引起了一系列有关的伦理争论.本文从医学伦理学的角度出发,阐述了中国"人尸体标本展览"的有关伦理问题及其对策,并对生物塑化技术的应用的伦理问题进行了初步探索.     

现代教育技术在中医伤科学教学中的应用及展望

通过分析现代教育技术在中医伤科学教学的广泛应用,探讨了其对传统中医伤科学教学模式带来的深刻变革及发展前景.     

医学教学资料库和多媒体网络考试系统的研制和应用

信息时代的到来使医学教育现代化成为教育改革的当务之急.本研究在应用计算机多媒体技术建立医学教学资料库及应用计算机多媒体技术和网络通讯技术建立网络考试系统等医学教学的技术改革方面,进行了初步的实践和探索.     

开展课外科技活动提高医学生综合素质

在高职高专医学院校专业课程教学中,开展课外科技活动是实施素质教育的有效途径.课外科技活动能够培养学生客观、求实的科学精神,严谨、认真的工作态度,勇于实践、不怕艰苦的意志品质,有助于提升学生的专业素质;课外科技活动拓宽了学生的知识面,提高了学生分析问题、解决问题的能力和实际动手操作能力,使学生掌握了科学论文的一般写作方法,有助于提高学生的职业技能;课外科技活动促进了学生对本学科前沿技术的了解,有助于学生树立热爱自然、保护环境的意识,促进学生非智力因素的发展和教师教学水平的提高,从而具有课堂教学不可替代的重要作用.     

从伦理学角度看克隆技术

科学技术的迅猛发展催生了克隆技术，由此引发出克隆人的问题。克隆技术本身具有的“双刃剑”这一特性必然会对整个社会产生正负两方面的影响。目前关于克隆技术的利弊仁者见仁，智者见智，笔者在阐述了科学技术和伦理学的关系后提出了这样的看法:克隆技术对伦理学研究提出新的课题，伦理学理论要为克隆技术发展导航，加快伦理学研究以实现人类对新技术的使用进行社会化控制的要求是当前一项紧迫任务。