当药水提物对大鼠中性白细胞活性氧生成和兔血小板聚集的影响

目的 研究当药水提物对大鼠中性白细胞性细胞内内Ca^2 浓度增加、活性氧生成及兔血小板聚集的影响。方法 用酵母多糖、FMLP和A23 187活化大鼠中性白细胞,用化学发光法测定活性氧,用荧光光度法测细胞内Ca^2 浓度,用比浊法测血小板聚集。结果 当药水提物浓度依赖性地抑制酵母多精、FMLP和A23 187诱导的大鼠中性白细胞内Ca^2 浓度增加及活性氧生成;也抑制花生四稀酸、胶原及ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集。和吲哚美辛比较,当药水提物抑制活性氧生成的作用较强而抑制血小板聚集的作用较弱,其作用远强于swertiamarin。结论 当药水提物是极强的中性白细胞活性氧生成抑制剂,其作用强于swertiamarin。     

碱离子水饮用后血小板聚集率的的变化(附30例报告)

目的:报告30例饮用豪斯牌碱离子水前、后血小板聚集率的变化。方法:饮用碱离子水前、后(2～3月,>3～6月)作比浊法血小板聚集试验,以1分钟、5分钟及5分钟内最大聚集率(Max％)为指标,同时检测部分血粘度指标及凝血因子,并用自动生化仪检测血糖、血脂、主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能。结果:饮碱离子水后,血小板聚集率明显下降,而以疾病组(Max>80％)下降尤为明显,P均<0.001。饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率的下降,部分可能与损伤的血管内皮得到修复有关。主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变。结论:由于心、脑血管血栓性疾病患者血小板聚集率多明显升高,饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率明显下降,且长期饮用对主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变,作者认为碱离子水使用方例、安全、有效、价廉,因而对心、脑血管血栓性疾病防治方面可能是一种积极的辅助方法,值得临床进一步探索。     

慢性肺心病患者血小板功能的研究

目的研究慢性肺心病患者血小板功能的变化。方法将研究对象分为肺心病急性发作期组、肺心病缓解期组和正常对照组,采用放射免疫分析法、玻璃球旋转法、比浊法等分别测定各组血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）、6-酮前列腺素F1a（6－K－PGF1a）和血小板粘附率（PAdT）、血小板聚集率（PAgT）及血小板激活因子（PAF）水平。结果慢性肺心病急性发作期组TXB2、6－K－PGF1a、TXB2／6－K－PGF1a比值和PAdT、PAgT及PAF测定值分别为204．76±3589pg／ml、49.08±1438pg／ml、4.11±1.72和42±11％、21±8％和89.05±41.76ng／ml。在缓解期组,上述各项测定值分别为138．34±20.41pg／ml、66．25±17.12pg／ml、2．08±0.97和39±12％、46±14％和56．82±34.14ng／ml。而在正常对照组则分别为76.05±16．24pg／ml、88.65±21.87pg／ml、0．84±0．23和26±7％、35±12％和47．94±32．48ng／ml。结论慢性肺心病患者体内血小板被激活．血小板粘附、聚集等功能增强。     

口服Ⅱ号避孕药对血小板功能及血液凝固的影响

为了解口服Ⅱ号避孕药对血小板功能及血液凝固性的影响,本文对65名连续服药妇女进行了研究。她们的年龄为27～45(平均36.5)岁。服药期限1～17(平均6.7)年。测定项目有纤维蛋白原,血小板粘附率,血小板聚集率,Ⅷ因子相关抗原,抗凝血酶活力等。20例未服药妇女作对照。测定结果服药组血小板粘附率、聚集率及纤维蛋白原比对照组明显增高(P<0.001)。Ⅷ因子相关抗原略增高,但无统计学意义。抗凝血酶活力显著降低(P<0.001)。本文就急性心肌梗塞及血栓栓塞的潜在可能性等问题进行了讨论,并对预防此类并发症提出了建议。     

Platelet monoamine oxidase in healthy subjects: The “biochemical high-risk paradigm” revisited

Summary Activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) has repeatedly been reported to be associated with various forms of psychopathology. This investigation was designed to reexamine the biochemical high-risk paradigm developed by Buchsbaum et al. (1976). In 383 healthy students (193 males, 190 females) platelet MAO activity was measured. The 35 students with the lowest and 37 with the highest enzyme activities were then examined with three personality tests (16 PF of Cattell, Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Furthermore, biographic data with respect to psychosocial problems were explored. There were no consistent differences between subjects with low or high platelet MAO. Therefore, we could not confirm any correlation between psychopathology and platelet MAO in this study.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Metoprolol does not reduce platelet aggregability during sympatho-adrenal stimulation

Summary The possibility that -adrenoceptor blockers, especially ₁-selective agents might inhibit platelet function is of considerable interest, as this might be of pathophysiological importance in cardiovascular diseases. Platelet function, however, is difficult to assess and in vivo related data are scarce.The effect of one week of treatment with metoprolol 200 mg/day on platelet aggregability during mental stress (colour word conflict test; CWT) and low and high dose adrenaline infusions has been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 10 healthy male volunteers. Platelet function in vivo was assessed using ex vivo filtragometry, and the urinary excretions of -thromboglobulin (HMW -TG) and 11-dehydro-TxB₂ (a thromboxane metabolite). Conventional in vitro aggregometry and the urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF₁ (a prostacyclin metabolite) were also studied.During the interventions there was increased platelet aggregability in vivo, as filtragometry readings were shortened by 41±11% during high dose adrenaline infusion, urinary HMW -TG levels increased and urinary 11-dehydro-TxB₂ tended to increase. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to ADP in vitro was reduced. The urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF₁ levels were increased during the interventions.Despite the cardiovascular and biochemical signs of -adrenoceptor blockade at rest and during the interventions, metoprolol failed to influence platelet function in vivo, as measured by ex vivo filtragometry, or urinary HMW -TG or 11-dehydro-TxB₂ levels. It tended rather to enhance the stress response measured by ex vivo filtragometry. Platelet aggregability in vitro and urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF₁ levels were not altered by metoprolol.Thus, metoprolol was not found to reduce platelet aggregability in healthy male volunteers either at rest or during sympatho-adrenal activation. The effect of treatment may still differ in patients; studies in patients with ischaemic heart disease are under way.     

Effects of Nd-YAG laser on platelet function in vitro: A comparative study using the spectraprobe, ‘hot tip’ and bare fibres

The effects of Nd-YAG laser irradiation on platelet function in vitro were studied using platelet rich plasma obtained from the blood of healthy volunteers. Laser delivery was effected via the bare optical fibre, thermal hot tip fibre and spectraprobe and the effects of these probes on platelet function were compared. Fall in platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were proportional to increasing energy delivery with all three probes, the effect being maximal with the spectraprobe, moderate with the hot tip and least with the bare optical fibre. A significant decrease in percentage aggregation of platelets in response to added ADP, collagen and ristocetin with increasing energy delivery was also observed with all three probes. The formation of preformed aggregates, however, showed an increase proportional to energy delivery with all three probes.The differential effects of the various probes used in this study on platelet function may enhance our understanding of the complex role played by platelets in the pathogenesis of complications such as arterial thrombosis and re-occlusion after laser angioplasty.     

"In vitro" activity of urokinase on platelet function and on ADP degradation by vascular tissue

The effects of urokinase on ADP breakdown by vessel-wall, platelet aggregation and the related prostaglandin system "in vitro" were investigated. It is confirmed that urokinase does not induce platelet aggregation both in humans and rabbits "in vitro". Conversely, in high concentrations, urokinase inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human and rabbit platelet-rich plasma. No effects were observed on rabbit platelet thromboxane A2 release and on rat vascular prostacyclin production, both measured by radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-F1 alpha prostaglandin, respectively. Moreover, the incubation of urokinase with vascular endothelium resulted in an increased disappearance rate.     

妊娠高血压综合征外周血小板活化程度及其临床意义

目的探讨不同程度妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者外周血小板活化程度的改变及其临床意义。方法以3种血小板膜糖蛋白单克隆抗体CD62p、CD61、CD41标记50例正常孕妇和56例妊高征患者外周血小板,应用流式细胞仪检测。结果正常孕妇血小板CD62p、CD61及CD41的检测值分别为7.16%±3.10%、5.60%±2.78%及8.31%±4.31%;妊高征随程度的加重3种成分呈增高趋势,且重度组检测值显著高于正常组和轻、中度组(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论妊高征外周血小板CD62p、CD61及CD41检测值显著增加,标志着血小板活化程度明显增强,因此能够预示胎儿宫内窘迫的发生。     

血小板源生长因子受体抑制剂的研究近况

近年来的研究发现，酪氨酸蛋白激酶水平的升高已成为细胞增殖恶变的标志之一，其特异性的抑制剂对肿瘤有较高的预防及治疗价值。本文着重阐述了酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体中的血小板源生长因子受体抑剂的作用机制、分类、构效关系及上市药物等新进展。