Imaging of thoracic and lumbar spinal extradural arachnoid cysts: report of two cases

Extradural arachnoid cysts are uncommon expanding lesions in the spinal canal which may communicate with the subarachnoid space. Usually in the lower thoracic spine, they may cause symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots. We report cases of thoracic and lumbar arachnoid cysts studied by cystography, myelography, CT and MRI. These techniques showed extradural cystic lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid, with variable communication with the subarachnoid space, causing anterior displacement and flattening of the spinal cord. Received: 3 November 1995 Accepted: 16 April 1996     

Choroid plexus cysts-Association with trisomy: Prospective review of 16,059 patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of isolated choroid plexus cysts in association with trisomy 18 and other abnormalities.STUDY DESIGN: All patients from June 1992 through December 1995 were followed up after a screening ultrasonography. Any patient with a choroid plexus cyst was offered genetic counseling and an amniocentesis. Screening ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 16,059 patients, and 301 patients had a fetus with a choroid plexus cyst. One hundred thirty patients elected to have an amniocentesis. Patients were followed up to delivery.RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-three patients had an isolated choroid plexus cyst. Thirty-eight patients had a choroid plexus cyst associated with additional risk factors. Risk factors included advanced maternal age, additional ultrasonographic abnormalities, past obstetric history, or family history. No abnormalities were noted in the group with an isolated choroid plexus cyst. Four patients had an abnormality when the choroid plexus cyst was associated with an additional risk factor, including two patients with trisomy 18 and one with trisomy 21.CONCLUSION: An isolated choroid plexus cyst was not associated with a trisomy or other abnormalities in this study. When a choroid plexus cyst was associated with an additional risk factor, 10.5% of the patients had an abnormality. Amniocentesis is recommended when a choroid plexus cyst is found in association with additional risk factors. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1381-3.)     

Groove pancreatitis associated with true pancreatic cyst

We report a case of groove pancreatitis (GP) associated with a true pancreatic cyst. An 81-year-old man who had suffered epigastric pain for 4 months was referred to Saisekai Kure Hospital. Computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a cystic lesion in the groove area of the pancreas. Serum amylase elevation and imaging findings suggested GP due to the cyst. Six weeks of medical treatment did not improve the clinical symptoms. Therefore, pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Histologic examination revealed a true cyst with intraluminal necrosis, which produced a protein plug that obstructed the Santorini duct. The parenchyma surrounding the groove area showed marked fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. GP due to true pancreatic cyst was diagnosed. Although GP is usually caused by overconsumption of alcohol, which leads to changes in the pancreatic juice and the ultimate blockage of pancreatic outflow, the histologic features in our patient suggest that true pancreatic cyst stands as a secondary cause of GP.     

经腹腔镜治疗肝囊肿临床探讨

目的　探讨经腹腔镜手术治疗肝囊肿的临床价值。方法　对 3 4例不同部位及不同囊肿个数的肝囊肿进行腹腔镜手术治疗。结果　 3 4例病人中有 3 2例手术成功 ,4例行囊肿切除 ,2 8例行囊肿开窗引流术 ,2例中转开腹 ,手术时间 2 0～ 90min ,平均约 40min ,全部病人痊愈出院 ,2例多囊肝术后复发。结论　腹腔镜治疗肝囊肿是安全可行的 ,同时具有创伤小、恢复快等优点     

尿毒症患者的性激素变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 :探讨女性尿毒症患者卵巢功能障碍的发病情况及其临床意义。方法 :应用酶免疫法 (EIA)测定了2 3例更年期前女性尿毒症非透析患者、15例透析患者及 2 9例健康献血者中促卵泡素 (FSH)、泌乳素 (PRL)、促黄体素 (LH)、雌二醇 (E2 )及孕酮 (P)的水平。结果 :尿毒症女患者PRL、FSH及LH均较健康对照组升高 ,而孕酮值显著降低 ,对此均有显著差异 ;且尿毒症女患者PRL升高、孕酮值降低与肾小球滤过率 (GFR)呈明显相关。透析患者较非透析患者PRL升高更为明显 ,孕酮值亦较非透析患者有所升高 ,但无显著意义。结论 :尿毒症女患者的排卵障碍及月经紊乱等都与尿毒症的严重程度相平行。透析并不能改善尿毒症女患者的卵巢功能障碍 ,只有纠正与改善肾功能 ,才能使尿毒症女患者的卵巢功能得以改善     

Spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst: case report and review of the literature

Introduction Suprasellar arachnoid cysts are uncommon developmental anomalies that are most often diagnosed in childhood. Because the natural history and pathogenesis of these remain poorly defined, optimal treatment guidelines are not yet established.Case report We report a case of spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst that persisted after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt performed 10 years earlier. A 5-year-old boy presented with impaired visual acuity and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a large suprasellar cyst with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was put in place to alleviate current aggravation of hydrocephalus symptoms. Because of the persistent size of the cyst and signs of brainstem compression on a repeat computed tomography (CT), we recommended surgical exploration and decompression. However, the boy’s parents declined any further surgical treatment, and the patient was subsequently lost to follow-up for 10 years. When the patient returned to our clinic at the age of 15 years, a repeat MR scan showed a complete disappearance of the cyst. His family denied any significant interval history.Discussion This case represents only the third reported case of spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst. We discuss possible mechanisms and clinical characteristics of the disappearance of the arachnoid cyst with review of the literature.     

Digital mucoid cyst excision by using the bilobed flap technique and arthroplastic resection

There are a number of proposed causes and treatment approaches for digital mucoid cysts. The described treatment outcomes for this cyst have been variable, with the highest success rate reported with complete excision and single-lobe skin flap closure. This report describes a bilobed flap reconstruction in conjunction with resection of the head of the middle phalanx. A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the recurrence rate, complications, and patient satisfaction with this combined procedure. Fifteen patients with an average follow-up of 4.6 years were evaluated. There were no recurrences, flap failures, or other major complications. The use of this flap allows for greater exposure than traditional semi-elliptical incisions while allowing the wide excisional defects to be closed primarily.     

腹腔镜治疗腹腔巨大囊肿及术后下身水肿处理(附5例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜处理腹腔巨大囊肿及术后下身水肿的方法. 方法 5例腹腔巨大囊肿先行囊肿抽液(1 500～2 000 ml,平均1 800 ml)减压,2例巨大肝囊肿采用经皮穿刺抽液,3例下腹腔囊肿在脐缘小切口直视下抽液,使腹腔空间增大后行腹腔镜下囊肿切除(3例)或开窗引流(2例).对术后出现的下身水肿口服(2例)或静脉注射(3例)利尿剂. 结果 4例术后症状完全消失,1例多囊肝症状明显改善.随访3个月～1年,症状无复发.下身水肿均在5～7 d内基本消失. 结论先行囊肿抽液减压及术后应用小剂量利尿剂可使腹腔巨大囊肿能在腹腔镜下顺利处理并恢复.     

腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术对卵巢控制性超促排卵的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术对卵巢控制性超促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, COH)的影响.方法对161例(172周期)既往开腹或腹腔镜确诊的子宫内膜异位症合并不育患者行体外受精-胚胎移植术COH和助孕结局进行回顾性分析.其中42例(43周期)未行卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为非囊肿剔除组;55例(59周期)曾行开腹卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为开腹组;64例(70周期)曾行腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为腹腔镜组.结果 3组间年龄、卵泡数、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、移植胚胎数无显著性差异(P>0.05).非囊肿剔除组临床妊娠率41.5%(17/41),腹腔镜组33.3%(23/69),开腹组25.5%(14/55),差异无显著性(χ2=2.754,P=0.252).86例(90周期)行单侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,其中开腹组(37周期)手术侧卵巢的主导卵泡数(4.41±4.02)低于对侧卵巢(6.14±4.37)(t=-2.364,P=0.024).腹腔镜组(53周期)手术侧卵巢主导卵泡数(3.33±3.50)明显低于对侧卵巢(6.40±3.61)(t=-5.358,P=0.000).结论腹腔镜和开腹卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术均可影响卵巢COH.     

肝囊肿腹腔镜开窗引流术后复发原因的探讨

目的探讨肝囊肿腹腔镜开窗引流术后复发的原因. 方法回顾性总结1998年6月～2003年8月54例肝囊肿腹腔镜下开窗引流术的临床资料. 结果 52例随访1～6年,5例复发,复发率9.6%(5/52).3例由于囊肿位置特殊开窗过小,1例由于多发囊肿之间的透明隔未予切开,1例系多囊肝术后复发. 结论适应证选择不当、囊肿开窗过小、遗漏多发囊肿以及黏膜处理不当是导致复发的主要原因.