Importancia de la monitorización bilateral de la oxigenación cerebral: caso clínico de asimetría durante el bypass cardiopulmonar secundaria a infarto cerebral previo

Cerebral oximetry based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology is used to determine cerebral tissue oxygenation. We hereby present the clinical case of a 12-month old child with right hemiparesis secondary to prior left middle cerebral artery stroke 8 months ago. The child underwent surgical enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with cardiopulmonary bypass. During cardiopulmonary bypass, asymmetric NIRS results were detected between both hemispheres. The utilization of multimodal neuromonitoring (NIRS-BIS) allowed acting on both perfusion pressure and anesthetic depth to balance out the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen consumption. No new neurological sequelae were observed postoperatively. We consider bilateral NIRS monitoring necessary in order to detect asymmetries between cerebral hemispheres. Although asymmetries were not present at baseline, they can arise intraoperatively and its monitoring thus allows the detection and treatment of cerebral ischemia-hypoxia in the healthy hemisphere, which if undetected and untreated would lead to additional neurological damage.     

Bloqueo interfascial serrato-intercostal como estrategia ahorradora de opioides en cirugía supraumbilical abierta

Introduction

The administration of local anaesthetic in the serratus-intercostal space provides adequate analgesia in non-reconstructive breast surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the blockage of the last intercostal nerves (T7-T11) can lead to opioid savings in supra-umbilical open surgery procedures.

多模式镇痛治疗老年膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究

目的：根据多模式镇痛原理选择双氯芬酸凝胶联合双氯芬酸钠片治疗老年膝关节骨关节炎,观察并评估其近期临床疗效。方法：2010年1～6月门诊诊治的120例老年膝关节骨关节炎患者,随机分为治疗组（双氯芬酸钠片＋双氯芬酸凝胶）和对照组（双氯芬酸钠片）。治疗组60例,给予双氯芬酸钠片25mg/次,Tid,口服＋扶他林乳胶1～2g/次,日3次,共2周;对照组60例,给予双氯芬酸钠片25mg/次,Tid,口服,共2周。选择膝关节疼痛VAS评分、WOMAC评分标准（部分）及不良事件发生率作为疗效评价标准。分别记录两组治疗7、14d膝关节VAS评分、WOMAC评分标准及不良事件发生率,统计分析并进行术前术后及组间比较。结果：治疗后7、14d,疼痛VAS评分：治疗组分别为（3.2±1.0）、（2.1±0.8）分,对照组分别为（3.5±1.5）、（2.5±1.3）分;WOMAC评分：治疗组分别为（40±8）、（42±13）分,对照组分别为（33±10）、（30±12）分;治疗后14d不良事件发生率治疗组为48%（24/50例次）,对照组为71%（39/55例次）。统计学分析,治疗组、对照组分别与术前进行组内比较,术后7、14d内与术前比较在VAS评分、WOMAC评分及不良事件发生率均差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组与对照组在术后7、14d行组间比较,在VAS评分、WOMAC评分及不良事件发生率均具有显著差异。结论：双氯芬酸凝胶联合双氯芬酸钠片行多模式镇痛可显著改善膝关节骨关节炎症状及治疗效果,降低不良事件发生率,提高患者整体评价,为老年膝关节骨关节炎门诊治疗提供了一种选择。     

多模式镇痛用于小儿唇腭裂修补术全麻苏醒期的镇痛镇静效果

目的 观察联合应用芬太尼、对乙酰氨基酚栓剂及局部浸润麻醉对唇腭裂修补术小儿全麻苏醒期镇静镇痛的效果.方法 择期行唇腭裂修补术的患儿54例,随机分为2组,对照组(C组,n=28)和多模式镇痛组(M组,n=26).均采用全身麻醉气管插管的方法,七氟烷麻醉诱导与维持.手术开始前由术者对两组患儿行局部浸润麻醉;M组患儿气管插管后即予对乙酰氨基酚栓剂塞肛;手术结束前10 min,静脉注射静脉注射芬太尼0.5μg/kg,C组不给药.观察两组患儿停止吸入七氟烷至拔除气管导管的时间、PACU内镇静镇痛评分、PACU的滞留时间及不良反应的发生情况.结果 两组患儿从停止吸入麻醉药至拔除气管导管时间无明显差异;PACU滞留时间M组[(25 ±4)min]较C组[(32±3)min]短(t=7.426,P<0.01);与C组比较,M组患儿镇痛满意(F=4.840,P=0.028),发生严重疼痛(F=5.333,P=0.021)及躁动(F=4.571,P=0.033)的例数少,差异具有统计学意义;两组患儿无一例发生呼吸抑制及瘙痒,过度镇静和恶心呕吐的发生率,两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 联合应用芬太尼、对乙酰氨基酚栓剂及局部浸润麻醉的多模式镇痛方法在苏醒期可为唇腭裂修补术小儿提供良好的镇痛镇静,减少躁动的发生率,加快PACU患者的转运速度,有利于苏醒期安全.     

多模式镇痛对围术期应激反应及镇痛效果的影响

目的观察围术期多模式镇痛与传统术后镇痛方法对于患者应激反应及镇痛效果的影响。方法40例胸科手术病人,麻醉方式采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,随机分为2组：多模式镇痛组（A组）于麻醉诱导前30 m in静脉推注氯诺昔康0.12mg/kg,并于切皮前进行一次罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞;手术结束开始硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）。单纯硬膜外镇痛组（B组）于手术结束后开始硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）。分别于术后各时间点观察病人的VAS评分、经中心静脉抽血检测病人血糖、血浆皮质醇、肾上腺素及去甲肾上腺素。记录PCA的按压次数、生命体征及副作用。结果（1）两组患者术后血糖、血浆皮质醇、肾上腺素及去甲肾上腺素浓度均明显升高（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。A组患者在上升幅度明显低于B组（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。（2）平卧时A组患者于术后8 h、12 h、24 h疼痛评分低于B组（P〈0.05）,术后72 h疼痛评分显著低于B组（P〈0.01）。活动时A组患者术后12 h疼痛评分显著低于B组（P〈0.05）,术后48 h,72 h疼痛评分显著低于B组（P〈0.01）。（3）72 h内PCA按压次数A组明显少于B组（P〈0.05）。结论围术期多模式镇痛用于开胸手术病人,可有效调控围手术期应激反应,而且镇痛效果,优于传统的单纯硬膜外术后镇痛。     

氟比洛芬酯联合曲马多用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后镇痛

目的观察氟比洛芬酯联合应用曲马多用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术多模式镇痛的作用效果。方法60例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,随机分成3组,每组20例。A组与B组术前15min静注氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg,C组手术结束前10min静注氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg;术毕A组静注生理盐水20mL,B组与C组静注曲马多1mg/kg。分别记录术毕给药后30min、1、2、4、8、12、24h的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分),不良反应及患者对镇痛治疗的总体满意度。结果B组切口痛、内脏痛、肩背痛VAS评分在术后24h内各时间点均低于A组和C组(P<0.05)。3组术后不良反应无显著差异(P>0.05)。患者对镇痛治疗总体满意度B组与A组、C组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯术前应用具有超前镇痛作用,同时联合应用曲马多,可以提高镇痛质量,是腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的良好选择。     

The use of neuroimaging to study behavior in patients with epilepsy

Structural and functional neuroimaging continues to play an increasing role in the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. In addition to its value in localizing the epileptogenic zone and eloquent cortex, neuroimaging is contributing to our understanding of mood comorbidity in epilepsy. Although the vast majority of research has focused on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), neuroimaging studies of patients with extratemporal epilepsy and primary generalized epilepsy are increasing in number. In this review, structural and functional imaging modalities that have received considerable research attention in recent years are reviewed, and their strengths and limitations for understanding behavior in epilepsy are assessed. In addition, advances in multimodal imaging are discussed along with their potential application to the presurgical evaluation of patients with seizure disorders.     

Multimodal molecular imaging in drug discovery and development

In addition to individual imaging techniques, the combination and integration of several imaging techniques, so-called multimodal imaging, can provide large amounts of anatomical, functional, and molecular information accelerating drug discovery and development processes. Imaging technologies aid in understanding the disease mechanism, finding new pharmacological targets, and assessment of new potential drug candidates and treatment response. Here, we describe how different imaging techniques can be used in different phases of drug discovery and development and highlight their strengths, related innovations, and future potential with a focus on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics for imaging technologies.     

Adult-onset Coats disease

Coats disease is an idiopathic retinal vasculopathy characterized by telangiectasia and aneurysm of retinal vessels along with intra and subretinal exudation and fluid. While Coats disease is classically described in young male population, there is an adult variant of Coats disease presenting in adulthood. Adult onset Coats disease have a similar presentation but a slower progression, localised lipid deposition, both peripheral and juxta-macular involvement. In this review article, we have attempted to describe in detail the characteristic clinical features, pathogenesis, investigation modalities and treatment in adult-onset Coats disease.