黄酮类成分黄芩素、槲皮素、丹参素钠对吸烟致细胞毒性和DNA损伤的保护作用

目的评价吸烟致细胞毒性和DNA损伤以及黄酮类成分黄芩素、槲皮素、丹参素钠的保护作用。方法以自动吸烟机按照FTC协议吸烟产生的主流烟雾在线染毒B-16细胞和人颊黏膜细胞两种真核细胞,通过MTT比色法和单细胞凝胶电泳法检测吸烟所致的细胞毒性和DNA损伤,并考察黄芩素、槲皮素、丹参素钠的保护作用。结果吸烟可致体外培养的B-16细胞活力明显下降,两种细胞的DNA明显损伤。随着烟气作用时间的延长,表征细胞内DNA损伤程度的彗星尾矩、Olive尾矩都有增加;1 mmol/L槲皮素、黄芩素和丹参素均可明显缓解吸烟引起的细胞毒性和DNA损伤,对B-16细胞的活力提升50%左右,对人颊黏膜细胞的DNA保护效果超过60%。结论吸烟可致细胞毒性和细胞DNA损伤,但是黄酮类成分黄芩素、槲皮素、丹参素钠均对细胞和DNA具有保护作用。     

Anti-HIV Activity of Cucurbitacin-D against Cigarette Smoke Condensate-Induced HIV Replication in the U1 Macrophages

Chemodietary agents are emerging as promising adjuvant therapies in treating various disease conditions. However, there are no adjuvant therapies available to minimize the neurotoxicity of currently existing antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). In this study, we investigated the anti-HIV effect of a chemodietary agent, Cucurbitacin-D (Cur-D), in HIV-infected macrophages using an in-vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Since tobacco smoking is prevalent in the HIV population, and it exacerbates HIV replication, we also tested the effect of Cur-D against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced HIV replication. Our results showed that Cur-D treatment reduces the viral load in a dose-dependent (0–1 μM) manner without causing significant toxicity at <1 μM concentration. Further, a daily dose of Cur-D (0.1 μM) not only reduced p24 in control conditions, but also reduced CSC (10 μg/mL)-induced p24 in U1 cells. Similarly, Cur-D (single dose of 0.4 μM) significantly reduced the CSC (single dose of 40 μg/mL)-induced HIV replication across the BBB model. In addition, treatment with Cur-D reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Therefore, Cur-D, as an adjuvant therapy, may be used not only to suppress HIV in the brain, but also to reduce the CNS toxicity of currently existing ARVs.     

悬灸配合中药治疗黄疸型肝炎疗效观察

目的观察悬灸配合中药治疗黄疸型肝炎的临床疗效。方法将92例黄疸型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组46例。治疗组采用悬灸配合口服温阳健脾祛湿活血方治疗,对照组采用单纯口服温阳健脾祛湿活血方治疗。治疗15 d后,观察两组治疗前后中医证候积分及肝功能TBil、ALT指标,比较两组临床疗效。结果两组治疗后中医证候积分与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后中医证候积分与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后TBil、ALT指标与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后TBil、ALT指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治愈率和总有效率分别为87.0%和95.7%,对照组分别为76.1%和82.6%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论悬灸配合中药是一种治疗黄疸型肝炎的有效方法。     

穴位艾灸后中药保留灌肠对药液在肠道内保留时间的影响

为探讨穴位艾灸后中药保留灌肠对药液在肠道内保留时间的影响,将拟采用愈肠灵灌肠液保留灌肠治疗的80例脾虚兼湿热型泄泻患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例,治疗组穴位艾灸治疗后30min保留灌肠,对照组直接行保留灌肠,每天1次,l0d为一疗程。对比观察两组患者治疗第3、7、10天保留灌肠时药液在肠道内保留时间,以及患者临床疗效。结果显示,治疗组治疗第3、7、10天药液在肠道内保留时间明显长于对照组,P〈0．05。治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,穴位艾灸后中药保留灌肠可明显延长药液在肠道内保留时间,有利于药液的吸收,从而提高疗效。     

Acute effects of second-hand smoke on complete blood count

We assessed the acute effects of a 1-h exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) on complete blood count (CBC) markers in a controlled simulated bar/restaurant environment. Nineteen adult never-smokers completed a 1-h .exposure to SHS at bar/restaurant levels, and a 1-h exposure to normal room air. Blood samples were collected at the baseline at 30?min during each exposure, and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4?h after each exposure. The values of white blood cells (WBC) at 1?h (p?=?0.010), 3?h (p?=?0.040), and 4?h (p?=?0.008) following SHS were significantly increased compared with the baseline values. Also, there was a positive association between the WBC and cotinine levels (r?=?0.28, p?=?0.007). A 1-h exposure to SHS at bar/restaurant levels significantly increased the WBC for at least 4?h following the exposure time. This effect of SHS on WBC has dose–response characteristics and should be considered to prescribing CBC.     

LDH enzyme activity in human saliva: The effect of exposure to cigarette smoke and its different components

ObjectiveAldehydes and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important chemically active agents in cigarette smoke (CS). Salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) originates predominantly from oral epithelium and was identified as an oral state marker. Its activity in saliva decreases after CS exposure. The aims of the current study were to identify the specific damaging agents in CS responsible for this activity reduction and to understand the mechanisms participating in CS oxidative damage to the salivary enzymes.MethodsPurified and salivary LDH samples were exposed to different levels of CS, pure acrolein, acetaldehyde, peroxynitrite and RNS donors. Each response of the isolated agent to the exposure was examined by a spectrophotometric enzyme activity assay and a Western blot.ResultsCS exposure caused a 34% reduction in LDH activity. Isolated treatment with unsaturated-aldehydes (acrolein, 10 μmol) caused a 61% reduction, while saturated-aldehydes (acetaldehyde, 200 μmol), peroxynitrite (200 μM) and RNS donor (SIN-1, 2 mM) caused no substantial effect. All five LDH isoenzymes reacted similarly. The carbonyl immunoblotting assay revealed a fourfold increase in carbonyl content when treated with CS and a sevenfold increase when treated with acrolein.Conclusionα,β-Unsaturated-aldehydes were identified as the main CS ingredient responsible for salivary LDH activity diminution. The effect of saturated-aldehydes and RNS donors was negligible. Unsaturated-aldehydes are capable of introducing carbonyl group into proteins, causing their dysfunction. This provides a molecular explanation for a decrease in LDH enzymatic activity in saliva.     

Comparative study of the main characteristics and composition of the mainstream smoke of ten cigarette brands sold in Spain

In this study 10 commercial top selling cigarette brands in Spain have been machine smoked and the mainstream smoke has been analyzed. Multifunctional analysis has been satisfactorily employed to correlate the effect of the main design features of the cigarettes including amount of tobacco, filter size or paper weight with the amount of smoked tobacco and with the ratio CO₂/CO. The composition of the vapor phase and that of the particulate matter have been analyzed. The particulate matter retained in the filter of the cigarettes has also been analyzed showing a distinct behavior of the compounds condensed in the cigarette filters and in the traps, related to their retention time. A general trend for the relative yield of some compounds in the different brands have been identified and confirmed by multifunctional analysis. Nevertheless, there are some noticeable compounds that behave differently in the different brands.