Immunogenicity and safety of the new intradermal influenza vaccine in adults and elderly: A randomized phase 1/2 clinical trial

BackgroundRecent clinical evidence indicates that an intradermal (ID) delivery of vaccines confers superior immunogenicity as compared to a standard intramusclular or subcutaneous (SC) delivery.MethodsIn this exploratory study, 600 healthy adults were randomized to 6 study groups with subgroups of young adults (20–64 years old) and older adults (65 years and older). The subjects were either injected by a novel ID injection system with a single dose of 6, 9, or 15 μg HA or two doses (21 days apart) of 15 μg HA per strain or injected by an SC injection method with a single or two doses (21 days apart) of 15 μg HA per strain. Immunogenicity was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer and microneutralization titer on Days 0, 10, 21, and 42. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events were recorded for 7 and 21 days post-vaccination, respectively.ResultsIn both young adults and older adults groups, the geometric titer (GMT) ratios of HAI in the ID 15 μg HA group were higher than those in the SC 15 μg HA group on both Day 10 and Day 21, while those in the ID 6 and ID 9 μg HA groups were comparable with those in the SC 15 μg HA group. The kinetics of GMTs of HAI suggested that the ID vaccine has the potential to induce the prompt immune response, which is rather hampered in older adults as seen in the SC vaccine groups. The injection-site AEs were generally mild and transient, and did not occur in a dose or dosage-dependent manner.ConclusionsThe results of this study clearly suggest that the immunologic profile of the ID vaccine is better than that of the SC vaccine, while the safety profile of the ID vaccine is similar to that of the SC vaccine. In this exploratory study with almost 100 subjects per each group, single or two-dose administration of the ID vaccine containing 15 μg HA was suggested to be an appropriate regimen in order to prevent influenza and to reduce the associated disease burden.Trial registrationJAPIC Clinical Trials Information (JapicCTI-132096).     

The essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. presents an antiedematogenic effect in mice

Hyptis crenata, commonly known as “salva-do-Marajó”, “hortelã-do-campo”, and “hortelãzinha”, is used in folk medicine in Northeast Brazil as tea or infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. Due to the pharmacological efficacy and the low toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc), we decided to investigate the EOHc antiedematogenic effect in experimental models of inflammation. EOHc was administrated orally at doses of 10-300 mg/kg to male Swiss albino mice. Paw edema was induced by subcutaneous injection in the right hind paw of inflammatory stimuli (carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin) 60 min after administration of EOHc. EOHc significantly inhibited the induced edema. The inhibitory effect of EOHc on dextran-induced edema extended throughout the experimental time. For the 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses of EOHc, the inhibition was of 40.28±1.70, 51.18±2.69, and 59.24±2.13%, respectively. The EOHc inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced edema started at 10 mg/kg at the second hour (h) and was maintained throughout the observation period. At 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses the inhibition started earlier, from 30 min. At the edema peak of 180 min, 56, 76, and 82% inhibition was observed for 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, the effect of EOHc on carrageenan-induced paw edema was influenced by the time of administration. The EOHc also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, the EOHc showed a potent effect, both preventing and reversing the edema, consistent with its anti-inflammatory use in folk medicine.     

壮医通路酒皮肤毒性动物实验研究

目的：观察实验家兔皮肤接触壮医通路酒后的毒性反应。方法以实验家兔为试验动物,选取体重（2.5±0.25）kg的家兔按雌雄各半标准随机分组并造模,用壮医通路酒涂于创面,以米酒作对照,观察各组皮肤反应。结果与对照组比较,用药后实验用药各组家兔的正常皮肤和破损皮肤均无急性毒性、长期毒性及皮肤刺激反应,并且实验用药组与对照组对比无明显差异（ P＞0.05）。结论壮医通路酒皮肤局部用药治疗痹证有较好的安全性。     

Identification of medicinal plants affecting on headaches and migraines in Lorestan Province,West of Iran

ObjectiveTo identify medicinal plants witch are used for headaches and migraines treatment in Lorestan province of Iran.MethodsTraditional medical herbs information was acquired from indigenous people with the cooperation of health centers of Doroud, Borujerd, Khorramabad, Aleshtar Poldokhtar, Aligoodarz, Nourabad and Kouhdasht cities. The prepared questionnaires were given to trained health volunteers. They attended in the villages and recorded people beliefs in herbal therapy by the questionnaires.ResultsThe results of this study showed that people used 15 herbs traditionally to treat headaches. Because of the importance of the medicinal plants in the study area, it is neccessary to determine sociological studies the plenty of plant species.ConclusionsBecause of the widespread use of traditional medicinal plants and high tendency to herbal medicine and traditional medicine, more extensive researches should be designed in several areas of pharmacy and pharmacology of medicinal plants to prepare proper information for pharmaceutical industries.     

基于循证医学角度的天灸临床及基础研究思路探讨

本文从循证医学的角度出发,结合目前的研究现状,就天灸的辨证论治、天灸治疗方案的确立、三伏针与三伏灸临床应用的异同、天灸与穴位敷贴的疗效比较、天灸疗法的疾病谱研究、三伏天灸与三九天灸的区别与联系等问题进行探讨。     

药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床研究

目的探讨药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床疗效。方法选取2014年5月—2016年5月在驻马店市中心医院治疗的血液透析高磷血症患者160例,随机分为对照组(80例)和治疗组(80例)。对照组口服碳酸镧咀嚼片,1 g/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服药用炭片,1.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均经过12周。观察比较治疗前后两组患者临床疗效和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为81.25%、93.75%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血磷、血钙、血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、成纤维生长因子23(FGF-23)和钙磷乘积水平均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组血清学指标低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症可有效改善患者生存质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

药用水蛭炮制及活性成分研究概况及分析

本文概述了水蛭古今炮制方法、活性成分研究、炮制品前后质量比较等方面的研究报道,结合宽体金线蛭提取物初步抗凝血试验,分析不同品种水蛭的药效物质基础存在较大差别,宽体金线蛭存在热稳定性抗凝血活性成分,水蛭炮制方法应结合临床使用区别对待。     

中职学校《药物化学基础》教学方法的探讨

药物化学是药学专业学生的一门必修课,在他们的后续学习中起着重要的作用。为提高药物化学的教学质量,结合中职教育的特点,对药物化学理论课教学主要从教学内容、教学方法和考核方式三方面讨论了药物化学教学的体会。     

Medicinal plants used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat epilepsy

Antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy can cause severe, life threatening side effects. In Iranian traditional medicine, herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat seizures. In this study, the five most important herbals in Iranian traditional medicine, namely Canon, al-Hawi, al-Abniah ‘an Haqaeq al Adwia, Tuhfat al-Mu’minin, and Makhzan ul-Adwia, were searched for the term “sar-e”, which means epilepsy, to identify the herbs used for treatment in ancient times. We also searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness.Twenty-five plants were identified as herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Pharmacological data related to the antiepileptic activity of eleven of these plants exists. A large number of these plants which have not been investigated pharmacologically for antiepileptic activity would be good candidates for study in exploring new herbal anticonvulsant remedies.