金银花体外抗结核活性研究

目的：探讨金银花体外抗结核活性。方法：使用试管倍比稀释法测定金银花、绿原酸、异烟肼对结核分支杆菌标准株和金色分支杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration，MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration，MBC）。结果：金银花对金色分支杆菌的MIC为0．83mg·mL^-1，MBC为1．75mg·mL^-1，对H37Rv的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；绿原酸对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为10．5μg·mL^-1，异烟肼配伍金银花使用，异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC为5．25μg·mL^-1。结论：金银花有抗结核活性。同异烟肼联合使用能显著降低异烟肼的MIC和MBC。     

Enzymatic,antimicrobial and toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of Ananas comosus (pineapple) crown leaf

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Various parts of the plant pineapple (Ananas comosus) are used in traditional medicine worldwide for treatment of a number of diseases and disorders. In folk medicine, pineapple leaf extract was used as an antimicrobial, vermicide, purgative, emmenagoogue, abortifacient, anti-oedema and anti-inflammatory agent. Compared to the fruit and stem extracts of pineapple, information about its leaf extract is limited. The potential of pineapple crown leaf extract as an ethno-medicine has been evaluated in terms of its enzymatic activities related to wound healing, antimicrobial property and toxicity.

Materials and methods

Major protein components of the extract were revealed by 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by MS/MS analysis. Zymography, DQ-gelatin assay were performed to demonstrate proteolytic, fibrinolytic, gelatinase and collagenase activities. DNase and RNase activities were revealed from agarose gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically from growth inhibition. Sprague-Dawley rat model was used to measure acute and sub-acute toxicity of the extract by analyzing blood markers.

Result

The extract contains several proteins that were clustered under native condition. Proteomic studies indicated presence of fruit bromelain as major protein constituent of the extract. It showed nonspecific protease activity, gelatinolytic, collagenase, fibrinolytic, acid and alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, DNase and RNase activities along with considerable anti-microbial property. The leaf extract did not induce any toxicity in rats after oral administration of acute and sub-acute doses.

Conclusion

Pineapple leaf extract is nontoxic, contains enzymes related to damage tissue repairing, wound healing and possibly prevents secondary infections from microbial organisms.     

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts and fractions from Polygonum capitatum

Aim of the study

This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts and the structure-based fractions from P. capitatum so as to provide the evidence for the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of urinary tract infections and to clarify the structural types that were responsible for the clinical use of the plant.

Materials and methods

The dry whole plant of P. capitatum was extracted with water and 70% aqueous ethanol and then separated, respectively, into a fraction enriched in polysaccharides and proteins (PP) and four other fractions enriched in gallic acid and its analogues (GAA), flavonoids (FV), tannins (TN), and triterpenoids and steroids (TS). UV spectral or chemical methods were used for the confirmation of the five fractions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the aqueous (AE) and 70% aqueous ethanol (70EE) extracts as well as the fractions against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were initially evaluated by a disc diffusion test. The anti-bacterial potencies of the active extracts or fractions were then assessed in vitro by determining the MICs and MBCs. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated employing the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model.

Results

Except for fraction PP, AE, 70EE, and the four fractions (GAA, FV, TN, and TS) exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The results of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicated that the crude extracts or fractions FV and TN all possess bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Fractions FV and TS showed significantly anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) with the inhibition rates of 86.15 and 73.71% at 0.6 g/kg, respectively, as compared to 76.93% of the positive control dexamethasone.

Conclusions

The overall results suggested that the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of urinary tract infections were attributed to the presence of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. The results also provided evidence that the studied plant extracts, as well as some of the fractions obtained from this plant might be potential sources for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug development.     

创伤弧菌对3种消毒剂抗性的观察

目的观察创伤弧菌ATCC27562对常用消毒剂的抵抗力,为创伤弧菌消毒提供实验依据。方法采用DGHM试验测定戊二醛、过氧乙酸及乙醇对创伤弧菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,定性悬浮试验检测其对创伤弧菌的最快有效杀菌时间。结果戊二醛的MIC为0．31g／L、MBC为10．00g／L,过氧乙酸的MIC为0.04g／L、MBC为0．31g／L,乙醇的MIC为4．69％、MBC为37．50％;20g／L戊二醛作用10s杀灭创伤弧菌,5g／L过氧乙酸作用10s创伤弧菌被杀灭,75％（V／V）乙醇作用于创伤弧菌60s将其有效杀灭。结论创伤弧菌ATCC27562对常用消毒剂抗性较弱,常用浓度能将其迅速有效杀灭。     

Investigations of antimicrobial activity of some Cameroonian medicinal plant extracts against bacteria and yeast with gastrointestinal relevance

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Resistance against antibiotics of many bacteria is accumulating. Therefore, searches for new substances with antimicrobial activity have become an urgent necessity. Medicinal plants are frequently used in popular medicine as remedies for many infectious diseases (intestinal infection, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.).

Aim of the study

This study aimed to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from different parts (leaves, stem bark, entire plant) of five different plant species against bacteria and yeast of gastrointestinal relevance.

Material and methods

Twenty-one extracts from all the following plants (Albizia gummifera (leaf), Ficus exasperata (leaf and stem bark), Nauclea latifolia (leaf and stem bark), Ricinodendron heudelotii (stem bark), Senna hirsuta (entire plant) have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria species including Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and one yeast species (Candida albicans) using agar disc-diffusion, and microbroth dilution assays.

Results

Results demonstrated that F. exasperata and N. latifolia were active against the whole set of tested microorganisms. The methanol extract of N. latifolia (leaf and stem bark) was the most active against against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2, 32, 64 and 64 μg/ml, respectively. The methanol extract of leaf of F. exasperata was also most active with significant inhibitory activity against E. coli, S. dysenteriae, S. Typhi and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 128 μg/ml. Only the extract of N. latifolia (stem bark and leaf) showed anticandidal property.

Conclusion

The results show that these plant extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity and N. latifolia proved to be most effective as an antibacterial and antifungal.     

金银花体外抗结核活性研究

目的：探讨金银花体外抗结核活性。方法：使用试管倍比稀释法测定金银花、绿原酸、异烟肼对结核分支杆菌标准株和金色分支杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration，MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration，MBC）。结果：金银花对金色分支杆菌的MIC为0.83mg?mL-1，MBC为1.75mg?mL-1，对H37Rv的MIC、MBC均为0.18mg?mL-1；绿原酸对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为0.18mg?mL-1；异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为10.5?滋g?mL-1，异烟肼配伍金银花使用，异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC为5.25?滋g?mL-1。结论：金银花有抗结核活性。同异烟肼联合使用能显著降低异烟肼的MIC和MBC。     

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of Lindera strychnifolia essential oils and extracts

Aim of the study

Lindera strychnifolia (LS) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of essential oils and various fractions of ethanol extract of LS to explore the active components of LS and their pharmacological effects.

Materials and methods

The in vitro cytotoxicities of essential oils and various solvent fractions of LS on three human cancer cell lines (A549, HeLa and Hep G2) and a non-cancerous cell line (HUVEC) were examined using a modified MTT assay. And by using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, the antibacterial activity of these samples was evaluated against 10 bacteria including 5 clinically isolated strains. The compositions of the essential oils from the leaves and roots of LS were also analyzed by GC and GC–MS.

Results

The leaf oil showed the strongest cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines tested with the IC₅₀ values ranged from 22 to 24 μg/ml after 24 h of treatment. The most sensitive microbial strain to all the samples was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Conclusions

Our results showed that the essential oils of LS exhibited greater cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity than the solvent fractions of ethanol extract of LS.     

Identification of a new BRCA2 large genomic deletion associated with high risk male breast cancer

Background

Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease that has been the focus of limited research. It is estimated that approximately 10% of men with breast cancer have a genetic predisposition, with BRCA2 being the most prevalent genetic mutation. Here we describe the case of MBC in a 64-year-old man who presented on physical examination a nodule in his left breast and declared to have an extensive family history of cancer.

Methods and results

The patient was firstly diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with histological grade III, nuclear grade 3, pT4N2Mx and positive for hormonal receptors and HER2. Exome sequencing was performed by massive parallel sequencing which had detected a novel BRCA2 germline mutation that is a large genomic deletion of 3,492 nucleotides including BRCA2 exon 14, and this deletion is out of frame and is predicted to lead to a stop codon in exon 15 at codon 2,496.

Conclusion

Large rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2 occur in a small percentage (<1%) of patients tested for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. This is the first report of the mutation del3492 in BRCA2 exon 14, which leads to a truncated protein and therefore is clinically relevant. Mutation segregation analysis should be further done in the Brazilian population. Herein we highlight the importance of next-generation sequencing in the detection of large genomic deletions.     

20种滇东南中草药体外抗菌活性筛选

目的测定20种采自滇东南红河州原始森林中草药的80%乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性及对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检测的活性,筛选出抑菌效果好的药材进一步提取分离并追踪其有效成分。方法制备20种云南中草药醇提物,采用常规琼脂扩散法对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠埃希菌,白色念珠菌,铜绿假单胞杆菌以及临床分离得到的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行体外抑菌实验,倍比稀释法测定最小抑制浓度（MIC）和最小细菌浓度。结果 20种云南中草药的醇提物中有16种对标准金黄色葡萄球菌、标准大肠埃希菌、标准铜绿假单胞菌、标准白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑制活性;其中迟花杜鹃,壮丽含笑等7种中草药对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较好,对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径在11～24 mm,对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抑菌直径在9～26 mm,MIC在8～512μg.ml-1。结论壮丽含笑和迟花杜鹃等7种中药具有广谱的抗菌活性,且对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株也有较好的抑制作用。     

复方替硝唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性研究

目的 测定复方替砂唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性及临床意义。方法 采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定复方替硝唑栓剂的体外最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 复方替硝唑栓剂对革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌、厌氧菌均显示很强的抗菌活性，其MBC分别为0．15－0．32mg／L。0．10－0．39mg／L和0．05－0．29/L，并与复方甲硝唑栓剂相比差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论 复方硝唑栓剂治疗妇科炎症具有临床意义。