鼻内镜下半导体激光治疗难治性鼻出血效果分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下半导体激光治疗难治性鼻出血的临床效果。方法难治性鼻出血患者80例随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,鼻内镜下探查鼻腔,明确出血点后观察组采用半导体激光止血,对照组采用微波止血,观察比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为80.0%、97.5%,高于对照组的60.0%、85.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经积极对症处理,所有患者预后良好。结论鼻内镜下半导体激光治疗难治性鼻出血,效果可靠,方法简便,患者痛苦小,值得临床推广。     

数字减影血管造影在顽固性鼻出血以及鼻咽部血管性肿瘤疾病诊治中的应用

目的探讨DSA治疗顽固性鼻出血以及鼻咽部血管性肿瘤的介入操作技术、临床疗效及并发症的防治策略。方法回顾性分析我科21例疾病的临床资料,其中顽固性鼻出血16例,鼻咽部纤维血管瘤5例。排除血管造影禁忌全面的血管造影后,栓塞病变区供血动脉血管,观察30d栓塞疗效及有无并发症。结果 21例患者均成功完成血管内栓塞治疗,技术成功率为100%,20例栓塞后活动性出血停止或明显减少,治疗有效率95.24%。1例（5.0%）栓塞后1个月内复发出血。9例（42.86%）术后出现颜面部麻木、肿疼、张口受限等轻度并发症。结论 DSA技术以其有效、准确、快速、安全可靠的优势在控制顽固性鼻出血以及鼻咽部血管性肿瘤供血血管减少术中出血方面有着很大的发展空间。     

改良B-lynch缝合术在4例难治性产后出血中的应用

目的探讨改良B-lynch缝合术在难治性产后出血中的应用价值。方法对我科2011年8月～2012年4月间4例应用改良B-lynch缝合术治疗难治性产后出血的病例进行分析。结果应用改良B-lynch后4例患者均能有效止血,成功保留子宫。术后阴道流血量及子宫复旧均正常,产后6周随访,未出现子宫粘连、感染等并发症。结论改良B-lynch缝合术能够安全、有效的治疗难治性产后出血。     

Resistance to phenobarbital extends to phenytoin in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy

PURPOSE: Most patients who are resistant to the first antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment are also resistant to a treatment with a second or third AED, indicating that patients who have an inadequate response to initial treatment with AEDs are likely to have refractory epilepsy. Animal models of refractory epilepsy are important tools to study mechanisms of AED resistance and develop new treatment strategies for counteracting resistance. We have recently described a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), in which spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) develop after a status epilepticus induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala. Prolonged treatment of epileptic rats with phenobarbital (PB) resulted in two subgroups, PB responders and PB nonresponders. METHODS: In the present study we examined if rats with PB-resistant seizures are also resistant to phenytoin (PHT), using continuous EEG/video recording of spontaneous seizures. RESULTS: First, a new group of 15 epileptic rats was produced and selected by treatment with PB into responders (8 rats) and nonresponders (6 rats), respectively. During subsequent treatment with PHT, the doses of PHT had to be individually adjusted for each rat to avoid toxicity. Treatment with PHT led to complete seizure control in two animals and a >50% reduction of seizure frequency in three other rats, which were considered PHT responders. In nine of the remaining rats, PHT did not exert any clear anticonvulsant effect, so that these rats were considered nonresponders. Plasma levels of PHT did not differ significantly between responders and nonresponders. When comparing the PB and PHT nonresponder groups, five of the six PB-resistant rats (83%) were also resistant to PHT, demonstrating that rats that have an inadequate response to initial treatment with PB are likely to be also resistant to treatment with a second AED. CONCLUSIONS: The AED-resistant rats of our model meet the definition of pharmacoresistance in animal models, that is, persistent seizure activity not responding to at least two AEDs at maximum tolerated doses. This new model of pharmacoresistant TLE may be useful in the targeted development of new therapies for refractory epilepsy.     

Long-term prognosis for symptomatic (secondarily) generalized epilepsies: a population-based study

PURPOSE: To describe the long-term outcome of childhood-onset secondarily generalized epilepsies (SGEs). METHODS: Children were identified from the Nova Scotia population-based epilepsy study (n=692). Onset of epilepsy was between 1977 and 1985, and follow-up was mainly in 2003. SGE was defined as having a mixture of more than one generalized seizure types including myoclonus, akinetic/atonic, tonic, or atypical absence, plus an interictal EEG with generalized spike-wave (irregular or slow) and/or multifocal spikes. RESULTS: SGE was identified in 80 children, 11.6% (80 of 692) of all childhood epilepsy. Forty percent did not fit into a currently accepted syndrome (such as Lennox-Gastaut, myoclonic-astatic or West). Seizure onset was in the first year of life in 60%, with only 9% later free of intellectual or physical handicap. Sixty-five percent (11 of 17) with Lennox-Gastaut had preceding West syndrome. During a median follow-up of 20 years, mortality was 24% (n=19), and 53% (n=42) had persistently intractable seizures. Surprisingly, 22 (28%) had >or=5 years of terminal remission (West, 31%, 10 of 32; Lennox-Gastaut, 0, none of four; myoclonic-astatic, 56%, five of nine; undefined, 31%, 10 of 32). At the end of follow-up, nearly 90% of patients fell into one of three outcome categories: death, 19 (24%); alive with intractable epilepsy, 31 (39%); or in remission for >or=5 years, 21 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: Many children with SGE have ill-defined epilepsy syndromes. SGE is characterized by early age at onset, high rates of handicap, intractability, and death, although one third achieve complete seizure control with a long terminal remission.     

Use of a modified Atkins diet in intractable childhood epilepsy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a modified Atkins diet in intractable childhood epilepsy. METHODS: Fourteen children with epilepsy were treated prospectively with a modified Atkins diet. Outcome measures included seizure frequency, adverse reactions and tolerability to the diet; blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and urine ketones were also measured. RESULTS: Six months after diet initiation, seven (50%) remained on the diet, five (36%) had >50% seizure reduction, and three (21%) were seizure free. The diet was well tolerated by 12 (86%) patients. Most complications were transient and were successfully managed by careful follow-up and conservative strategies. A consistently strong ketosis (beta-hydroxybutyrate of >3 mmol/L) seemed to be important for maintaining the efficacy of the diet therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Atkins diet was well tolerated and sometimes a modified Atkins diet can be substituted for the conventional ketogenic diet. Serious complications were rare, but long-term complications remain to be determined.     

药物难治性癫痫外科治疗展望

癫痫是危害较大的神经系统疾病,其发病率在4‰～6‰.在我国有近600万癫痫患者,其中20%～30%患者对内科药物治疗效果不佳,是癫痫外科治疗的主要目标[1,2].近二十年来,随着神经电生理技术和神经影像学的飞速发展,药物难治性癫痫患者的术前定位和评估取得了明显的突破,外科手术已成为癫痫治疗的一种重要手段[2].同时,随着外科麻醉和手术技巧的不断改进,尤其是显微神经外科技术的应用,使癫痫的外科治疗越来越安全有效,外科治疗已成为治疗药物难治性癫痫患者的主要手段[2,3].     

Intractable hiccups as a presenting symptom of Chiari I malformation

Introduction  Hiccups as the only presenting symptom in neurosurgical practice is uncommon. Case history  We report a case of a 22-year-old man who was evaluated for a 9-month history of intractable hiccups. He was diagnosed with a case of Chiari malformation type I. Discussion  Surgical decompression improved the symptoms of the patient. The cause and pathogenesis of hiccups are discussed. Conclusion  Chiari malformation should be considered in patients with intractable hiccups, who are otherwise asymptomatic for any neurological problems.     

中西医结合治疗有机磷农药中毒后伴发顽固性呃逆10例

临床上运用中西医结合治疗有机磷农药中毒后伴发顽固性呃逆患者10例,疗效满意,值得临床推广。     

局限性脑皮质发育不良继发顽固性癫痫的手术治疗

目的 探讨局限性脑皮质发育不良（FCD）的诊断、影像学和电生理学特点，以及手术治疗的策略与方法。方法 1996年6月至2003年12月在意大利米兰NiguardaCa’Granda医院手术治疗的442例癫痫患者中，根据该中心提出的FCD病理学分类标准，对81例诊断为FCD的病例进行回顾性研究。其中皮层组织结构发育异常（AD）42例、细胞组织结构发育异常（CD）12例、Taylor脑皮质发育不良（TFCD）27例。患者术前均行MRI、VEEG检查，61％的患者还接受了立体脑电图检查（SEEG）。结果 术前MRI检查阳性率65％。癫痫术后随访1年以上总治愈率为54％（Engle Ia），其中AD组为49％、CD组45％、TFCD组69％。FCD病理分型的不同与癫痫发作频率、致痫灶部位以及手术效果有关。AD组致痫灶常见于颞叶，癫痫发作次数少于CD和TFCD组。而TFCD常发生于颞叶以外的部位，SEEG发作间期显示有典型的放电节律，且手术愈后较好。结论 该分类标准简单且易于操作，对分析临床表现与判定手术效果有指导意义。SEEG技术在研究FCD，特别是TFCD电生理特征有独特的优势，并为术前准确定位致痫灶范围、保证手术效果提供了重要保障。