药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床研究

目的探讨药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床疗效。方法选取2014年5月—2016年5月在驻马店市中心医院治疗的血液透析高磷血症患者160例,随机分为对照组(80例)和治疗组(80例)。对照组口服碳酸镧咀嚼片,1 g/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服药用炭片,1.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均经过12周。观察比较治疗前后两组患者临床疗效和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为81.25%、93.75%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血磷、血钙、血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、成纤维生长因子23(FGF-23)和钙磷乘积水平均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组血清学指标低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症可有效改善患者生存质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者并继发性甲旁亢的高血磷影响

目的观察碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者并继发性甲旁亢的高磷血症的影响。方法将31例血清全段甲状旁腺素（iFFH〉300-500pg/ml的维持性血液透析患者随机分为2组,每组均口服骨化三醇1．0ug,2次／周冲击治疗。观察组给予口服碳酸镧咀嚼片（Fosren01）500mg,3次／d,14例。对照组给予醋酸钙片667mg,3次／d,17例。结果治疗8周后观察组血磷及iFFH较治疗前明显下降,血磷较对照组有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论碳酸镧可有效降低MHD患者并继发性甲旁亢用骨化三醇冲击治疗时的血磷水平。     

Hyperphosphatemia and phosphate binders: effectiveness and safety

In patients with kidney dysfunction hyperphosphatemia is more evident as renal failure progresses. It is related to increased FGF-23 levels, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and accelerated progressive vascular calcification. In CKD patients advanced coronary artery calcification is strongly associated with future cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. Apart from the above, phosphate per se is suspected as a causal risk factor for CKD progression. Keeping serum phosphorus within the target values are linked to improvement in life expectancy. A low phosphate diet, an efficient dialysis removal of phosphate load, and the administration of phosphate binders are the main recommended steps to control hyperphosphatemia. Calcium-based phosphate binders can lead to a positive calcium balance, hypercalcaemia, parathyroid gland suppression, adynamic bone disease, and coronary artery and aortic calcification. On the other hand Sevelamer hydrochloride and Lanthanum carbonate has been shown to be effective, safe and useful therapeutic tools for hyperphosphatemia. When prescribe pharmacological agents, one must take into account the large increase in health-care expenditure and the choice of phosphate binder should be individualized.     

鲑鱼降钙素联合低钙透析液治疗血透患者高磷血症的临床研究

目的：探讨低钙透析液联合鲑鱼降钙素对维持血透（Maintenance hemodialysis, MHD）患者高磷血症的影响。方法选取我院近期维持性血液透析患者中高磷血症患者40例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组21例,给予常规钙透析液＋活性维生素D3治疗;试验组19例,给予低钙透析液联合鲑鱼降钙素注射液治疗。观察两组患者治疗后第3、6个月时血清钙磷代谢等指标有无差别。结果对照组治疗后血清钙较治疗前无明显变化（P＞0.05）,但血磷和甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）较透析前明显增加（P〈0.05）;试验组治疗后血清钙、iPTH无明显变化（P＞0.05）,血磷显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论鲑鱼降钙素联合低钙透析液治疗MHD能有效降低患者血磷水平且不致影响iPTH。     

低钙透析液在低甲状旁腺素伴高磷血症患者中的应用

目的观察低钙（1．25mmoL／L）透析液加大剂量碳酸钙口服对血液透析患者高磷血症、高钙血症及低甲状旁腺素（PTH）的作用。方法选择长期使用1．50mmol／L浓度钙透析液，同时伴血磷、血钙水平升高，血PTH水平降低的患者27例，观察其在改用1．25mmol／L浓度钙透析液后血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积及血PTH水平的变化。结果使用1．25mmol／L浓度钙透析液2周后血钙水平较使用前即有明显下降（P〈0．01），6周后（加用大剂量碳酸钙口服4周后），血钙水平有所回升（P〈0．05），血磷水平显著下降（P〈0．01），钙磷乘积下降（P〈0．05），血PTH水平显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论低钙透析液可显著降低血液透析患者血钙水平，升高PTH水平，同时口服大剂量碳酸钙可改善高磷血症，降低钙磷乘积，可能起到防止低转运骨病的作用。     

Influence of sevelamer on mineral metabolism and hyperparathyroidism in Japanese hemodialysis patients

In June 2003, sevelamer hydrochloride became widely available in Japan and was expected to control hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients without inducing hypercalcemia. To evaluate the impact of sevelamer therapy on mineral metabolism, we recruited 954 hemodialysis patients from 21 renal units just before the general release of sevelamer in Japan. The serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels determined on enrollment were compared with those later measured in June 2004. Sevelamer was prescribed for 169 of the 859 patients for whom data were available in 2004. The mean calcium level, phosphate level, and calcium x phosphate product were all significantly reduced during the 12-month study period, but the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level did not change. As a result, the percentage of patients who achieved a calcium x phosphate product of <55 mg(2)/dL(2) was significantly increased, but there were no changes in that of patients who achieved the target ranges for phosphate (3.5-5.5 mg/dL) or iPTH (150-300 pg/mL). Among sevelamer-treated patients, iPTH significantly increased, and this change was more marked in the patients with an initial iPTH level <150 pg/mL. Sevelamer was useful for reducing the serum calcium level and calcium x phosphate product, but hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism were not improved in our study population at 12 months after the release of sevelamer. A decrease in the calcium load might result in the exacerbation of hyperparathyroidism. However, among patients with relative hypoparathyroidism, sevelamer therapy may be beneficial for the prevention of adynamic bone disease.     

一步法5/6肾切除大鼠加高磷饮食快速建立肾衰竭致血管钙化动物模型法

目的：建立一种慢性肾衰竭快速诱导动脉血管钙化大鼠模型的实验方法,为进一步阐明肾衰竭所致血管钙化发病机制及其防治和新药的研究提供可靠的实验平台。方法：一步法5/6肾切除大鼠同时予以高磷饮食,28d后检测大鼠血清尿素氮、血肌酐、血钙、血磷和血甲状旁腺激素浓度;盐酸萃取法测定胸主动脉血管壁组织钙含量;von Kossa染色光镜下观察胸主动脉血管病理;pQCT仪测试胫骨近端骨密度。结果：大鼠血清尿素氮、血肌酐、血钙、血磷,血甲状旁腺激素和胫骨近端骨密度值,假手术组与正常组之间各项指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,手术组与假手术组之间各项指标差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：本方法较传统方法相比,具有省时、省力、经济等特点,为慢性肾衰竭引起的心血管钙化研究提供了一个快速可靠的动物模型,为有效新药筛选提供可靠的动物模型。     

透析中心夜间血液透析对尿毒症患者血磷代谢的影响

目的 观察透析中心夜间长时血液透析（in-center nocturnal hemodialysis,INHD）模式对尿毒症患者高磷血症的疗效.方法 调查INHD时间6个月以上的56例患者进入INHD前l～3个月及进入INHD至2013年5月透析情况、透析前血磷、血钙、血全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）检测值,分析血磷变化趋势,统计患者降磷药物服用情况.结果 患者进入INHD前3个月内平均血磷水平变化无统计学差异,进入INHD后1个月平均血磷水平即显著下降（P＜0.05）,之后持续稳定在＜1.67mmol/L水平;进入INHD后,有15例患者的31次（6.5％）检测出现低磷血症,发生过低磷血症的患者年龄更大、体重指数（BMI）更低、接受NHD时间更长（P＜0.05）：进入INHD后有14例（25％）患者停用降磷药物.结论 INHD能持续、平稳、有效地控制透析患者高磷血症,低磷血症发生率较低.